RU2261219C1 - Cyclone furnace for wastes incineration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical; petrochemical and other branches of industry; incineration of different types of fuel and wastes.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to devices for incineration of different types of fuels, especially for the thermal decomposition of various kinds of wastes and may be used in chemical, petrochemical and other branches of industry. The cyclone furnace for an incineration of wastes contains cyclone chambers placed one after another along the way of motion of the decontaminated wastes, devices for fuel and an oxidant feeding. Movement of products of decomposition from one cyclone chamber into the following cyclone chamber is carried out by the tangentially made devices of a rectangular or an oval cross-section and these devises form a swirling vortex in each chamber. The cyclone furnace composed out of three or four cyclone chambers made in the form of vertical cylinders of the same one diameter and one height is made out of non-metallic thermochemically-resistant materials. All cyclone chambers are embraced by an external lined shell so making the sealed closed medium and preventing leakage of gasses from cyclone chambers in the environment. A device of wastes feeding is located in the center of any cover along its shaft, and a withdrawal device - in the last cyclone chamber. The invention allows to upgrade reliability of the cyclone furnace operation at its continuous exploitation and ensures effective decomposition of the wastes at small heat losses.

EFFECT: the invention allows to upgrade reliability of the cyclone furnace operation at its continuous exploitation and ensures effective decomposition of the wastes at small heat losses.

2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to devices for burning various types of fuel and is especially effective for cases of thermal splitting of various types of waste, it can be used in chemical, petrochemical and other industries.

A multi-zone cyclone furnace with three cyclone chambers is known, which are arranged in the form of cyclones successively mounted on top of each other, in which gases, together with the fissionable components, pass from one chamber to the next by means of a central one, framed by clamping along the axis of the going channel (see K.M. Dyumaev , E.I. Elbert, BC Suschev, V. M. Perfiliev, Regeneration of Spent Sulfuric Acid Solutions, Moscow: Chemistry, 1987, pp. 66-67).

The disadvantages of such a furnace are as follows.

1. The outlet and entry of gases from one cyclone chamber to another is organized in the center of the cyclones, where the movement of gases in a naturally organized cyclone is opposite to the conclusion made, thereby the cyclone draws in a gas flow along its axis, and the outgoing gas stream is forced to flow out of the cyclone at the periphery, experiencing great resistance, washing and destroying the pinch itself.

2. Difficulties in organizing an effective cyclonating vortex in the second and subsequent chambers, since the main gas flow entering along the axis along the center does not contribute to the swirling of the vortex in these chambers.

3. The inefficiency of introducing the waste subjected to cleavage through the side surface of the cyclone chamber due to the discharge of the introduced medium onto the cyclone wall.

4. A large heat loss through the outer shell of the furnace, since it directly covers each cyclone chamber and therefore has a high temperature on the shell of the furnace.

Closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved effect is a cyclone furnace, consisting of two cyclone chambers. In this application, a cyclone furnace designed for burning solid and liquid waste and is made in the form of two cyclone chambers installed vertically one above the other (USSR copyright certificate No. 974038, class F 23 C 7/00, 1982).

The disadvantage of this cyclone furnace is the transfer of gases between the chambers in an annular cross section along the axis and, accordingly, the presence of a pinch between the chambers, which will lead to intense destruction of the pinch and high resistance along the gas transmission channel from the lower cyclone chamber to the upper cyclone chamber and then the gas exit from the cyclone furnace, which reduces the life of the entire cyclone furnace. The introduction of tangentially made channels into the cyclone furnace instead of axial input will cause a part of the splittable product to be dumped onto the furnace shell, which will also affect the lining life of the cyclone furnace.

The objective of the invention is the provision of efficient furnace splitting of waste containing organic and mineral impurities, high reliability of the furnace during a long period of operation.

The task is achieved by a cyclone waste incinerator containing cyclone chambers, placed one after another along the movement of the split waste, with devices for introducing waste, fuel, oxidizer, transfer of fission products from one cyclone chamber to the next cyclone chamber and a device for removing the split waste from the cyclone ovens. A cyclone furnace contains three or four cyclone chambers, made in the form of vertical cylinders of the same diameter and one height, made of non-metallic thermochemically resistant material and installed at the same level, with each cyclone chamber in contact with two adjacent and lined shell, which describes around all cyclone chambers a cylindrical surface, creating a common hermetically sealed environment for all cyclone chambers. The cyclone chambers are interconnected by tangentially made devices for transferring fissile waste from one cyclone chamber to another cyclone chamber and creating a swirling cyclon vortex in each cyclone chamber. The waste input device is disposed along the vertical axis on the cover of at least one cyclone chamber, and the split waste output device is installed tangentially in the last cyclone chamber along the direction of the split waste.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cyclone furnace (1), consisting of three cyclone chambers (2). In the first cyclone chamber (2), fuel input devices (3) and an oxidizer input device (4) are organized at the upper level, and the flows of introduced fuel and oxidizer are combined at the inlet to the cyclone chamber. Above, along the axis of the first cyclone, a waste input device (5) is installed. In the lower part of the furnace between the first and second cyclone chambers, a device for transferring gases from the first cyclone chamber to the second cyclone chamber (2) is made, and transition (6) is tangentially made to the first and second cyclone chambers. Also, a transition in the upper part of the furnace between the second and third cyclone chambers (6) was tangentially performed. In the lower part of the third cyclone chamber, a device for the output of fissile waste (7) is made, section AA. Around all three cyclone chambers, a cylindrical outer lined shell (8) was made, which creates a hermetically sealed medium for all cyclone chambers at once. Each cyclone chamber is covered with a concrete cover (9) from above, through the axial part of which pass holes for the installation of waste input devices, and sometimes fuel. If necessary, peppers are also installed on these covers to monitor the process.

A cyclone waste incinerator operates as follows. In the case of burning gaseous or liquid fuel in the first cyclone chamber, a burner or nozzle is installed with respect to its cross section, where fuel and oxidizer are supplied. When burning, fuel in an oxidizing atmosphere creates a short gas flame, while the resulting fuel gases tangentially enter the volume of the cyclone chamber, creating a powerful cyclone in it. Split waste is introduced into the hot stream of a swirling vortex along the axis through the lid. The high temperature and intensive mixing of all components inside the cyclone vortex create excellent conditions for the process of thermolysis of fissile waste. Due to the tangentially made devices for the transition of gases between the cyclone chambers, an intense cyclone vortex is created, respectively, in the second and then the third cyclone chambers. The large total residence time of the thermolysis products in the cyclone furnace (1.5-10 sec) contributes to the complete combustion of any type of fuel and thermal decomposition of the waste introduced into the furnace.

Depending on the type of problem being solved, natural gas, fuel gas, hydrogen sulfide and other combustible gases can work as gases from gases, and then the fuel input device is essentially a gas burner into which air or oxygen enriched air can enter as an oxidizing agent. In the case of using liquid fuel, for example fuel oil and all other oil-derived fuels or liquid sulfur, the fuel input device is an injector with various possible mechanisms for spraying fuel. As a rule, in this case, the bulk of the oxidizing agent is introduced into the cyclone, without mixing with liquid fuel. In the case of solving the problem, when it is necessary to use dusty solid fuel: coal, shale or sulfur, it is advisable to blow it into the cyclone along the axis through the cover of the cyclone chamber. In this case, if you still need to burn the waste, it is introduced into the cyclone chamber following the flow direction by the waste input device located on the cyclone cover in the region of its axis. Nevertheless, the most frequently used waste entry point is point (7).

The general hermetic shell covering all cyclones prevents gas emissions into the environment even when the cyclone furnace is under pressure, since the cyclone chambers themselves, made of nonmetallic thermochemically resistant materials (for example, refractory bricks), are in principle permeable to gases. The contact of each cyclone chamber with the casing in only one vertical line sharply reduces the heat transfer from the cyclone chambers to the casing. Thus, the temperature of the metal part of the shell is significantly lower than 100 ° C, when the temperature of the masonry of the cyclone chambers is 1000-1300 ° C.

The same principles and conditions described above for three-chamber cyclones work in the case of creating a four-chamber cyclone furnace, shown in figure 2. The need to create such furnaces arises in the case when the type of waste is subjected to splitting that requires a very significant time (> 2 sec) for the thermolysis components to remain in the reaction zone. The use of four-chamber cyclone furnaces is also justified in case of burning combustible fuel (for example, sulfur or coal dust), in this case, the entire first cyclone is discharged to burn the fuel, and the combusted waste is fed into the second or subsequent cyclone chambers.

The data on the operation of the cyclone furnace are summarized in table.

1 2 3 Split waste Spent sulfuric acid alkyl. VAT residue treatment plants. Work out. acid of production of freons Quantity waste 0.692 t / h 5 t / h 1.5 t / h Fuel (quantity) 386 nm ³ / h 1440 nm ³ / h 1245 kg / h Type of fuel (89% hydrogen sulfide) (natural gas) (sulfur) Oxidizing agent air enriched air 30% O ₂ Air Amount of oxidizing agent 3908 m ³ / h 11100 m ³ / h 4086 m ³ / h The volume of gas at the outlet of the furnace 3647 nm ³ / h 15040 nm ³ / h 4935 nm ³ / h Gas temperature 1200 ° C 1100 ° C 1200C Number of cyclone chambers 3 pcs. 3 pcs. 4 things. Diameter inner loop. Cameras 0.635 m 1.2 m 0.6 m Outside Furnace Diameter 2.6 m 4.2 m 3.0 m Furnace height 7 m 5 m 5 m Reaction volume 6 m ³ 17 m ³ 6 m ³ Fake oven time 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec

In the first example, the possibility of thermal decomposition of spent sulfuric acid, a waste of the gasoline alkylation process, which is widely used in oil refineries using hydrogen sulfide as a fuel, is considered. Sulfur gases produced by the decomposition of acid are used to produce regenerated sulfuric acid. Since the regeneration of spent acid on the side costs the company $ 20. The United States per ton, they buy fresh sulfuric acid at 14 dollars. per ton, and a ton of hydrogen sulfide the company costs 15 dollars. per ton, the calculation of this method of disposal is as follows:

8000 [0.692.20-0.800 + (1.728 + 0.69) .14] = 390000 dollars. USA

Installation cost 800,000 thousand dollars. USA. With a five-year payback on the installation, you can get 200,000 dollars. The US arrived annually.

In the second example, the cyclone furnace is used for burning to the solid phase the still bottoms produced at the treatment facilities of the enterprise. In case of burial, each ton costs the enterprise 17 dollars. USA. In this case, fuel gas is used as fuel at a cost of $ 50. USA for 1 thousand m ^{3 of} gas. Turnkey installation during construction costs $ 30,000. USA.

8000 [5.17-1,440.50] = 104000 dollars. USA

Thus, despite the purely environmental orientation of the existing installation, it fully pays for itself in three years.

In a third example, the spent sulfuric acid from the production of chladones is burned in a stream of gases from the combustion of sulfur. Sulfur gases are used to produce 100% liquid sulfur dioxide, sold at 60 dollars. per ton of product.

8000 [1,5.20 + 3.60-1,245.20] = 1412 thousand dollars USA

The cost of installation is 3 million dollars. USA, therefore, such an installation is fully paid off in three years.

Thus, despite the environmental orientation of the activities of all plants described in the examples, they fully pay off in 3-5 years.

Claims (1)

A cyclone waste incinerator containing cyclone chambers placed one after another along the path of the split waste, with devices for introducing waste, fuel, oxidizer, transfer of fission products from one cyclone chamber to the next cyclone chamber and a device for discharging the split waste from the cyclone furnace, characterized the fact that it contains three or four cyclone chambers made in the form of vertical cylinders of the same diameter and one height, made of non-metallic thermochemically resistant material and installed at the same level, each cyclone chamber is in contact with two adjacent and lined shells, which describe a cylindrical surface around all cyclone chambers, creating a common hermetically sealed medium for all cyclone chambers, while the cyclone chambers are connected by tangentially made devices for transmitting from one cyclone chamber into another cyclone chamber of fissile waste and create a swirling vortex in each cyclone chamber, the waste input device is placed along the vertical of the axle on the cover of at least one cyclone chamber, and the output device for fissile waste is installed tangentially in the last cyclone chamber along the path of the fissile waste.

Images