RU2260199C2 - Method and device for determining parameters of gravitation and wave fields - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: geophysical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: parameters of gravitation and wave fields are determined by electrolytic sensor, containing body with planes, filled with electrolyte, fixed measuring electrodes, moving measuring electrode, electric current-conductive resilient elements, by one ends connected to moving measuring electrode, and by other ends - to body. Inertial mass of sensor consists of hard portion, formed by resilient element and moving electrode, and liquid portion - electrolyte.

EFFECT: broader functional capabilities, higher efficiency, higher precision.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to geophysical engineering and relates to methods and devices for determining the parameters of the gravitational and wave fields in wells, underground workings, at sea, the earth's surface, flying objects, in particular, anti-aircraft and sighting angles of a well, accelerating the movement of downhole tools, during hydrodynamic studies of wells , in gravity exploration, seismic exploration, meteorology, seismology, earthquake forecasting, in navigation technology, as well as the protection of civil and military installations.

A known method and device for gravimetric reconnaissance, based on the study of the acceleration of gravity g and the influence of geological bodies on it [1].

The components of gravity on the Earth's surface, affecting a unit mass along the coordinate axes, are determined by the expressions

where F _x , F _v , F _z - components of gravity along the coordinate axes;

P _x , P _y - components of the centrifugal force P on the surface of the Earth;

R - radius of the Earth at the observation point

M is the mass of the Earth;

G is the gravitational constant

and the total magnitude of the field of gravity (gravitational field):

g _x , g _y , g _z are partial derivatives along the corresponding axes of the gravitational potential W, the vertical derivative of W _{z of} which is independent of centrifugal forces. It is she who is the object of study of gravity exploration:

g≈-W _z (3)

It is measured in Gala. 1 Gal = 1 cm / sec.

g≈9.8 m / s ² = 980 Gal = 980 000 mGal.

The most important periodic changes in gravity are solar and lunar diurnal variations, their maximum total value is about 0.3 mGal.

Devices that implement the method described above are called gravimeters. They are divided into static and dynamic, and according to the field of application - into field surface, borehole, marine and airborne gravimeters.

All gravimeters usually have the following functional devices: sensitive, compensation devices to compensate for the effects of gravity, temperature compensators, registration systems, installation devices, isolation devices (from external influences of temperature, pressure, magnetic and electric fields). Quartz, metal, and quartz-metal gravimeters are distinguished by the characteristics of sensitive systems and the material from which the basis of the sensitive system is made.

In the sensitive elements of gravimeters, the properties of springs and torsion threads with a suspended weight are used, the impact of which in an alternating gravitational field leads to a change in the spring tension or the angle of twisting of the thread. To bring the system to a certain initial position, compensating mechanical force is applied, which is measured.

Usually in gravimeters there are two compensation devices that bring the sensitive system into equilibrium: 1) to compensate for large changes in gravity (when moving from region to region); 2) measuring, with the help of which the value of small increments of gravity in the process of shooting is estimated. According to the range of gravity measurements, gravimeters are divided into narrow-range (from 0 to 100 mGal) and wide-range (from 0 to 6000 mGal). The former are used for high-precision detailed surveys, and the latter for regional work and surveys in highlands.

The mass of gravimeters varies widely from 2 to 30 kg. More accurate and wide-range have a large mass and high cost.

The common disadvantages of known gravimeters include the complexity of mechanical sensitive systems, as a rule, the impossibility of measuring in dynamic mode due to the imperfection of methods for determining the position of a weight suspended on an elastic element, a small measurement range, significant weight due to complex compensation systems, and also not wide scope and impossibility of determining the parameters of wave fields whose oscillation frequency is greater than 0 Hz. Gravimeters have not yet been used in wells. The need for binding to the support network of the work area restrains the performance of gravimetric work. All known types of gravimeters do not allow determining the angular coordinates of objects in a gravitational field.

The known method [2] and a device for studying high-temperature wells with zenith angle sensors (ZU) using the Earth's gravitational field, in which a temperature sensor is installed on the ZU sensor body and the dependence of the ZU sensor readings on its temperature is studied. This dependence is then used to correct the sensor for ambient temperature. But this method and the sensor device do not provide sufficient accuracy in dynamic measurements when moving the device along the well due to thermal inertia of the sensors and does not allow measuring the parameters of physical fields, except for the angular orientation of the device relative to the gravitational vector.

There is a method and device for determining the parameters of soil vibrations using a sensor (seismic receiver), consisting of a housing, spring, inert mass, damper and electromechanical induction transducer [3]. Such devices poorly accept forced oscillations, the frequency of which is less than the frequency of their own oscillations, and cannot be used to measure pulsations of liquid pressures, hydroacoustic signals, and parameters of gravitational fields.

To study the geological structure of the areas of shallow parts of the shelf, in river deltas and shallow lakes, two types of sensors are used for seismic exploration: hydrophones working in water, and geophones working in adhesion to the ground [4].

For example, Input Output manufactures a combined BCS-2 sensor. Inside the rugged case is the SM-4 model geophone in a gimbal. A hydrophone (Prescis 2520) is attached at one end of the case, and a cable with a pressure seal comes out at the other. Geo Space manufactures GS-PVl-Full Wave with three orthogonally directed (two horizontal and one vertical) geophones in gimbal suspensions and one hydrophone.

Similar two-component sensors are manufactured by Sercel.

In addition to increasing the amount of information received when using a dual sensor, combining data from a hydrophone and a geophone allows you to remove false signals, as well as split the data of the geophone into P- and S-waves. Simultaneous measurements of speed and pressure (by geophone and hydrophone) make improvements to processing methods using techniques such as inversion and deconvolution.

Sea Technology has developed a two-component sensor design that combines a hydrophone and a geophone in one housing. The sensor was designed for a towed digital telemetry system capable of operating in shallow water, in transit zones and in land adjacent to them. Due to the fact that the geophone works only with good adhesion to the ground, the sensor housing is heavy enough to provide the necessary adhesion.

To reduce the availability of the system, the geophone swinging in the gimbal must be damped. For this purpose, the geophone is placed in an airtight cup filled with a damping, non-conductive inert liquid that retains its characteristics in the temperature range from minus 40 to plus 40 ° C.

There are special grooves in the housing to transfer pressure to the hydrophone, however, the sensor itself is waterproofed and does not allow water to enter the rugged housing. The sensor housing, made in the form of a pipe, allows, if necessary, to integrate electronics inside to collect data from the sensors and transmit them to the seismic recording station.

The sensor has large dimensions: ⌀ 68, length 310 mm and weight 3.5 kg, a small working depth of immersion in the aquatic environment (up to 200 m) and a small maximum angle of inclination of the gimbal (up to 30 °). A geophone at a natural frequency of 10 Hz has a sensitivity of 27.6 V / m / s, and a hydrophone has a sensitivity of 120 μV / Pa. Geophones of the other listed companies have the same characteristics, but the sensitivity of GS-PVI-S (Geo Space) is three times higher, and the sensitivity of the hydrophone is 2 or 3 times lower.

A common drawback of the described geophones is the need to use a gimbal, the inability to work at large angles of inclination (more than 30 °) and infra-low frequencies (up to 0 Hz), as well as frequencies above 300 Hz, and hydrophones have a low sensitivity and a narrow frequency range.

A seismograph has been developed at the Lower Volga Research Institute of Geology and Geophysics [5]. It is a 3-component device [6] with a single liquid inert mass, with the ability to control output parameters during operation. An optimal attenuation mode system has been introduced into the device. The frequency range is from 0.1 Hz to 30-50 Hz. The mutual influence of the vibration components and the transverse sensitivity in unchanged directions is less than 1%. The device contains a base on which three transducers are located, each transducer is a hollow body sealed at both ends with elastic elastic membranes and filled with an electrochemical redox system, the internal volume of the hollow body is divided into two compartments connected by a channel in which two measuring electrodes and two counter electrodes covering the measuring electrodes, all electrodes being perforated and rigidly installed us in the hollow case. Each transducer is placed in an individual casing, and the supmembrane cavities are connected by a channel made on the inner surface of the individual casing.

Due to the protection of the measuring electrodes from the influence of the conductive material of the compartments, the transducer weakly responds to sharp single influences caused by shocks. The relaxation time, the level of intrinsic noise are significantly reduced, the sensitivity is increased, and the presence of individual covers makes the readings independent of atmospheric influences. It is also indicated that a three-component installation with a combination of the transducer tilt angles and the tilt angles of their electrode blocks of 70 ° -110 ° practically eliminates the possibility of the location of the electrode block in a dangerous horizontal plane for bottom installations.

When registering various wave processes, the receiver of acoustic vibrations can be very effectively used in cases of determining the direction to the source of oscillations, as well as for separating propagating waves by their type (longitudinal, transverse, Rayleigh, Love waves, etc.).

The disadvantages of the device include the fact that it uses an inertial mass consisting of only an electrolyte liquid and a fixed electrode system as a sensitive element. The sensitive element does not work when its axis is close to horizontal, which does not allow using the device as a gravimeter and for recording a continuous spectrum of infra-low frequencies up to zero Hz. The device can not work as a hydrophone, as well as a barometer. On the other hand, the high-frequency field of its application is limited to 300 Hz.

Known measuring transducers with compensation of magnetic flux (differential pressure gauges), designed to measure the pressure difference, gauge pressure, vacuum, pressure pulsation levels [7]. The characteristics of the transducers in the range of pressure measurements, in accuracy, in the range of operating temperatures (limited to 80 ° C) and in overall dimensions do not allow them to be used in deep wells, as well as for receiving seismic signals and as gravimeters.

Known membrane strain gauges for use as pressure sensors (force) [8]. The principle of their action is based on the use of the strain effect in silicon. They include a case, a membrane with a sapphire crystal with a heteroepitaxial silicon layer, on the surface of which a bridge circuit of 4 strain gauges has been created. The crystal along the entire plane is rigidly connected to the membrane, which under the influence of the measured pressure or force (including gravity) is deformed, causing changes in the resistance of the bridge strain circuit, which is converted into an electrical output signal. The advantage of such devices is their small dimensions, the disadvantage is the restrictions on use at temperatures above 80 ° C. The large error and small dynamic range do not allow them to be used as a gravimeter or geophones.

A known sensor for measuring the pressure difference [9], made in the form of a housing with pressure-sensing membranes, with an incompressible fluid filling the cavity between the housing and the membranes and a device for determining the displacement. This device is a differential capacitor, the movable electrode of which is rigidly connected to the membranes. The dynamic range of measurements of the pressure difference, the sensitivity and accuracy of this sensor are limited by the design features of its elements, in particular, devices for measuring displacement. In addition, the sensor does not provide reception of seismic signals and cannot be used as a gravimeter.

A known working fluid (RH) of an electrolytic resistive converter [10], which is a solution of an ionophore in a liquid organic compound with transfer numbers of cations and anionophore anions close to 0.5, characterized in that the propylene carbonate (4-methyl-1, 3-dioxolanone-2), and the ionophore is potassium hexafluorophosphate at concentrations in propylene carbonate from 1.0 · 10 ^-4 to 3.0 · 10 ^-4 kg-equiv · m ^-3 . A distinctive feature of this RJ is a successful combination of its viscosity properties, heat resistance with the stability of resistive parameters and indifference to the structural materials of the sensor in the operating temperature range from -50 ° C to + 250 ° C.

A known method for determining the anti-aircraft and target angles of a well [11] using an electrolytic sensor. It includes the measurement by an electrolytic sensor with a RH described in [10] of the output signal U _{j by the} differential orthogonal pairs of sensor electrodes along the axes j of its sensitivity, the determination of the transmission coefficients K _{j of the} sensor by setting it to a known angle of inclination α _j , measurement ( calculation) of the orthogonal components of the zenith angle in the transformation function βα _j = f (K _j , Uα _j ) to determine the basic error of the sensor when it is tilted at the angle α _j , measure the zenith and target angles, or calculate them using trigon metric formulas; after the sensor is installed at an angle α _j , it is heated (cooled) in the operating temperature range and, simultaneously with the signal U _{ij, the} differential pairs of the output signal U _{iz are} measured, which is proportional to the electric resistance z _{i of} the orthogonal pair of sensor electrodes connected in parallel, the actual (current) value of the coefficients is calculated K _ij transmission differentially connected pairs of orthogonal electrodes is made continuous dependence of _{K ij = f (U iz)} , which is used to calculate the orthogonal coc ulation zenith angle transformation function:

_{β ij = f (K ij (} U iz) · U ij,

where i is the instant of measurement, while the output signal can be proportional only to the active or only reactive component of the parallel connected orthogonal pairs of electrodes.

The method provides high accuracy in measuring the orthogonal components of the zenith angle and the final result, the zenith and sighting angles, regardless of the temperature instability and inertia of the sensor.

The sensor allows the signal U _iz , as well as the device [6], to record impacts and acceleration along the z axis and receive seismic signals, however, its sensitivity due to the stationary measuring electrodes is very small and the operating frequency range is low. The sensor cannot be used as a gravimeter, hydrophone or geophone.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to create a method and device for simultaneously determining the parameters of the gravitational and wave fields in both the ultrasonic and high-frequency regions of vibration, in increasing the range and accuracy of determining the angular coordinates of the object, accelerating its movement, in expanding the scope of application: for geophysical and hydrodynamic studies of wells, gravity exploration, seismography, seismic exploration, meteorology, in navigation technology, builder stve mines and underground workings, the protection of civil and military installations.

The technical result from the use of this invention is that not only can the scope be significantly expanded, the range can be increased, the accuracy of determining the known parameters of the gravitational and wave fields can be increased while reducing the dimensions and increasing the direction of the sensor’s reception, but fundamentally new information about ground , underwater and underground geological objects, necessary for the exploration and development of liquid and solid minerals, as well as for civilian purposes harrows in emergencies (earthquakes, landslides, war).

This task is achieved by the fact that according to the method for determining the parameters of the gravitational and wave fields by an electrolytic sensor containing fixed and movable measuring electrodes and having an inertial mass consisting of a solid part containing an elastic element and a movable electrode, and a liquid (incompressible) part - an electrolyte, which, together with the measuring electrodes, serves as an electric converter, including measuring the output signal along the sensitivity axes of the sensor with differential reduced resistance of the electrolyte between the movable and fixed electrodes, determining the transmission coefficients of the sensor when it is installed at a known zenith angle in the gravitational field, determining the basic error of the sensor when it is tilted relative to the gravitational field vector, installing the sensor vertically and heating or cooling the sensor in the operating temperature range and measurement output signal U _ij are included with differential resistance of the electrolyte between the movable and fixed electrodes of the sensor and output signal U _iz at their parallel connection, determination of the transmission coefficient K _ij, preparation of the continuous dependence of K _ij = f (U _iz) to determine the component of the gravitational vector direction along the axis of sensitivity j adjusted by U _iz, recording in the field or downhole measurements of the sensor signals U _ij proportional to the effect of the force from the total acceleration of the gravitational and wave fields at each time t: F _j = m (g _t cos φ _ij + α _ik cos θ _tkj ),

where m is the inertial mass:

m = m ₁ + m ₂ (m ₁ is the solid part; m ₂ is the liquid part);

g _t - acceleration of gravity in a gravitational field;

α _tk is the acceleration in the wave field;

α _tk = f _i (ω _k ), ω _k is the spectral frequency of the wave field;

φ _ij is the angle between the direction of the sensitivity axis j and the gravitational field vector (for ω _k = 0);

θ _tkj is the angle between the direction of the wave field vector (a vector perpendicular to the tangent plane to the wave front) and the j axis for ω _k > 0.

determination of field parameters using the recorded signals using frequency filtering methods and frequency spectra.

This problem is also achieved by the fact that the device for determining the parameters of the gravitational and wave fields contains an electrolytic sensor, including a housing of conductive material with cavities filled with an electrolyte, which is a solution of ionophore - potassium hexafluorophosphate (K [PF ₆ ]) in a liquid organic solvent - propylene carbonate (C ₄ H ₆ O ₃ ), characterized by transport numbers of electricity of cations and ionophore anions close to 0.5, fixed measuring electrodes on insulators, rigidly connected internal to the housing, a movable measuring electrode, elastic elements conducting electric current, rigidly connected along the sensitivity axis of the sensor at one end with the movable measuring electrode, and at the other ends with the housing, while the movable electrode has the ability to move relative to the stationary electrodes under the influence of gravitational or wave fields per inertial mass, consisting of a solid part formed by an elastic element and a movable electrode, and an incompressible liquid part - an electrolyte, timing with the inner surface of the housing, an elastic member, the movable and the fixed measuring electrodes, with overflow and the measuring electrodes are connected to a measuring bridge circuit, with the differential and the parallel connection of the electrolyte resistance between the movable and fixed electrodes.

The device may contain three electrolytic sensors mounted on the object along mutually perpendicular coordinate axes jx, iy, jz, to determine the angular coordinates of the object relative to the gravitational field: cos ² α + cos ² β + cos ² φ = 1,

where α, β, φ are the angles, respectively, between the axes jx, jy, jz of the object and the vector of the gravitational field.

As a result, the method and device acquire a qualitatively new content, allowing us to consider the gravitational field and its change as a continuous wave field in the region of infralow frequencies to zero Hz, their field of application for geophysical research of wells, exploration geophysics, to determine the parameters of gravitational and wave fields in wells is expanding , underground workings, at sea, on the earth’s surface, meteorology, seismography, earthquake forecasting, in navigation technology, as well as the protection of civil and military s objects.

Known technical solutions in which there are signs similar to those stated in the proposed method and device.

So, for example, in the method and device for gravimetric reconnaissance [1], the acceleration increment Δg of gravity is determined along the coordinate axis z with gravimeters relative to the base network or from point to point of observation. The measurements are carried out by a stationary gravimeter, which is necessary to calm the inertial system, while the infra-low-frequency oscillations in the continuous frequency spectrum (up to zero Hz) are not recorded by gravimeters due to their low sensitivity. Even with a significant amplitude of up to 0.4 mGal, the recorded phenomena are inexplicable, i.e. the existing method and device for gravity exploration did not allow us to consider the gravitational field and its change as a wave field. The same analogy can be drawn with a seismic field, pressure field and their changes. The technical solutions described in [3-6], with the help of a geophone, hydrophone and seismograph, tried to overcome this infra-low-frequency barrier, achieving at best a result of up to 0.1 or 0.01 Hz. On the other hand, differential pressure sensors [7–9], having sufficient sensitivity to changes in pressure or its pulsations with a low frequency, could not be used to receive infra-low-frequency and high-frequency seismic vibrations or used as a gravimeter sensor. At the same time, none of the technical solutions of analogs or prototypes provides directional reception of infra-low-frequency oscillations in order to separate gravitational and wave fields by this additional criterion, as well as to obtain high-precision information about changes in the gravitational and wave fields at technically achievable high (over 100 MPa) pressures and temperatures (up to 250 ° C).

An additional advantage of the claimed method and device is that it provides dynamic measurement of the components of the full gravitational vector and its changes along the coordinate axes on the moving object and the angular coordinates of the direction to the disturbing source of infra-low-frequency oscillations, which is extremely important for seismology in determining precursors and the location of future earthquake epicenters.

Thus, none of the solutions of analogues makes it possible to carry out a simultaneous, accurate determination of the parameters of the gravitational and wave fields and their relative orientation, including with significant changes in temperature and hydrostatic pressure of the environment.

Only simultaneous measurement of the parameters of gravitational and wave fields by a single pressure-compensated electrolytic sensor having a solid elastic and liquid (incompressible) composite inertial mass with an electrolyte based on ionophore - potassium hexafluorophosphate and an organic solvent - propylene carbonate, mobile and stationary electrodes as an electric converter , taking into account the temperature drift of the transfer coefficient of the electric converter, the separation of the information received (ug ovoe position, amplitude, frequency and phase) using frequency filtering techniques. amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency spectra and the installation of sensors on the object along the axes of its coordinates, allow us to solve the technical problem and achieve a fundamentally new effect. Therefore, the proposed solution has significant differences.

List of drawings and other materials with a brief explanation.

Figure 1 - Device electrolytic sensor.

Figure 2 - Electrical block diagram of the sensor.

Figure 3 - Differential connection circuit of the measuring electrodes of the sensor.

Figure 4 - Three-component block of sensors.

Figure 5 ^a is an Example of recording by a sensor at an angle of inclination of 90 °.

Figure 5 ^b - an Example of recording by the sensor at an inclination angle of 52.34 °.

Fig. 5 ^c is an example of recording by a sensor at an angle of inclination of 4.94 °.

6 ^a - Example of recording by the sensor at an angle of inclination of 75.26 °. Upper curve without filter (upper cutoff frequency 1483 Hz). The lower curve with a bandpass filter of 7.2-1800 Hz.

Fig.6 ^b - an Example of recording a sensor at an angle of inclination of 4.94 °, the filter is 7.2-1800 Hz.

Fig.6 ^c - an Example of recording a sensor with a tilt angle of 3.4 °, the filter is 7.2-1800 G.

Fig.7 ^a - U-1483 - curve U _ij , the bold part of the curve was used to calculate the spectra of Uf-1483 with a filter of 7.2-1483 Hz.

Fig.7 ^b - U-488 Curve U _ij (frequency of the ADC-488 Hz). U _f -488 filtered curve (0-10 Hz filter).

Fig. 8 - Comparison of vibration curves rigidly interconnected with a DDMADC1-200 hydrophone and a DDMADC2-200 geophone.

Fig.9 ^a - Recording signal U _{ij by the} proposed sensor 100 m (the shortest distance) from the highway Pyatigorsk-Essentuki when passing a car.

Fig. 9 ^b - Recording of signals U _{ij by the} geo-receiver of the company "Oyo-Geo Impulse" 100 m (at the same point as in Fig. 8) from the Pyatigorsk-Essentuki automobile road when passing a passenger car.

Figure 10 ^a - Comparison of the signals U _{ij of the} proposed sensor and the signal U _iz analogue [11] during the movement of the downhole tool in the well. 2 Terskaya (Krasnoyarsk Territory). The depth of the cursor is 2600.82 m.

Figure 10 ^b - Comparison of signals U _{ij of the} proposed sensor and analogue [11] in the well. 2 Terskaya. The device stops at a depth of 2574.17 m.

The proposed method is implemented using an electrolytic sensor (figure 1, 4) and an electrical circuit (figure 2-3).

The sensor (figure 1) contains a housing 1 of conductive material, fixed measuring electrodes 2 on insulators 3, rigidly connected to the housing 1, conductive electric current elastic elements in the form of metal bellows (bellows) 4, a movable measuring electrode 5, rigidly connected to the bellows 4, the other ends of which are rigidly connected to the housing 1, cavities 6 filled with evacuated electrolyte, with distributed damping gaps, insulated electrical inputs 7 for supplying electric current to the stationary measuring electrodes. Electric current to the movable measuring electrode is supplied through a conductive housing 1 and metal bellows 4.

The electrical block diagram (figure 2) includes an electrolytic sensor 8, switch 9, bridge circuit 10, generator 11, amplifier 12, synchronous detector 13, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 14, controller 15, transceiver 16, computer 17.

The bridge circuit 10 and the switch 9 make it possible to use the ADC 14 to measure the signals of the sensor 8, which are proportional to the electrical resistance (impedance) of the differential and parallel connection of the measuring electrodes.

Figure 3 shows the differential circuit for the inclusion of the measuring electrodes of the sensor. Here E is the alternating voltage of the generator for supplying the bridge circuit, R ₁ and R ₂ are the electrolyte resistance (impedance) between the fixed and movable electrodes of the sensor, R is the additional resistance of the bridge. R _n - load resistance.

The parallel circuit for connecting the sensor electrodes differs from the differential one in that the resistances (impedances) R ₁ and R _{2 of the} sensor are connected in parallel, forming one measuring arm of the bridge circuit.

The unbalance signals of the bridge 8-10 of the differential U _ij and parallel connection U _{iz of} the electrodes are switched by a switch 9, amplified by an amplifier 12, detected by a synchronous detector 13, digitized by the ADC 14 and transmitted to the computer 17 through the controller 15 and the transceiver 16.

The three-component sensor block (Fig. 4) includes three sensors mounted along mutually perpendicular axes jx, jy, jz.

The proposed method is implemented by the following sequence of operations.

1. The sensor is verified by the measured parameters of the gravitational field using a heat and cold chamber, a calibration device, an optical quadrant for measuring angular coordinates and a mathematical pendulum for measuring gravity acceleration (or observing it at a reference gravimetric network).

According to the output signals recorded by the computer during calibration, which are proportional to the impedances of the differential U _ij = K _ij and parallel U _iz switching on the measuring electrodes using a low-pass filter, for example 0-0.13 Hz, and averaging the data over a certain period of time i = t, the main the error at 20 ° C of the electrolytic sensor with a change in its angle of inclination relative to the vertical (table 1).

Table 1
The basic error of the prototype electrolytic sensor (t = 25 ° C) α _j , deg U _ij , mV U _αj , mV β _aj , degree Δβ _αj , deg 90 879100 1903000 90.0 0 70 879110 1788235 69,998 0.002 45 879115 1345624 44,999 0.001 thirty 879120 951500 29,999 0.001 twenty 879110 650864 19,999 0.001 10 879112 330452 9,999 0.001 0 879118 twenty 0.0016 0.001 -10 879120 -330460 -10,000 0,000 -20 879115 -650870 -19.999 " 0.001 -thirty 879118 -951505 29,999 0.001 -45 879113 -1345620 44,999 0.001 -70 879110 -1788230 69,998 0.002 -90 879102 -1903002 89.97 0.02

Then the sensor is installed vertically (angle α _j = 90 °) in the heat and cold chamber, and by heating and cooling in the operating temperature range the transmission coefficients of the sensor along each of the axes j are determined for discrete values of the ambient temperature in the function U _ij = К _ij ( table 2). The value of U _ij when calculating the angle of inclination in the well along the j axis is adjusted according to U _iz using linear interpolation, i.e. according to the continuous dependence К _ij = f (U _iz ), compiled according to the data of Table 2.

table 2
The output signals of the prototype electrolytic sensor, proportional to the impedances of the differential U _ij = K _ij and parallel U _{iz the} inclusion of a pair of electrodes along the j axis U _iz , mV U _ij = K _ij , mV t ° C α _i , degree 879100 1903000 twenty 90 1821811 1723920 100 90 2411005 1611995 150 90 3000200 1500070 200 90

Evaluation of the accuracy and operability of the method was carried out by comparing the error in measuring the angular coordinates of the gravitational vector by the sensor at a temperature of 200 ° C of the environment surrounding the sensor (Table 3) with the basic error at a temperature of 20 ° C (Table 1).

Table 3
Accuracy of the prototype electrolytic sensor (t = 200 ° C) α _j , deg U _ij , mV U _ij , mV β _αj , degree Δβ _αj , deg 90 3000200 1500070 90,000 0 60 3000212 12999098 60,000 0 45 3000213 1060709 45,000 0 thirty 3000215 750035 30,000 0 fifteen 3000213 388246 15,000 0 0 3000210 0,000 0 -fifteen 3000208 -388240 -14,999 0.001 -thirty 3000205 -750031 29,999 0.001 -45 3000203 1060703 44,999 0.001 -60 3000202 1299095 59,999 0.001 -90 3000201 1500068 89.92 0.08

где

- коэффициент, учитывающий температурные изменения сигнала U_iz.

Where

- coefficient taking into account the temperature changes of the signal U _iz .

A comparison of the data in Tables 1 and 3 shows that the errors of the sensor Δβ _αj do not exceed 0.08 ° for tilt angles ± 90 ° from the vertical, while the random error does not exceed 0.001 °, which significantly exceeds the results of analogue [11] as according to the range of angles, and the errors of their measurement.

2. During field or downhole measurements, the signals of the sensors U _{ij are} recorded, which are proportional to the effect of the force F _ij from the total acceleration of the gravitational and wave fields at time i with a single-component (see Fig. 1) or three-component sensor block (see Fig. 4) according to well-known techniques for observing geophysical research of wells, gravity exploration, seismic exploration, VSP, etc., which are calculated using the methods of frequency filtering, amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency spectra, the following parameters:

2.1. The gravitational field using a low-pass filter, for example 0-0.013 Hz, and averaging the data U _ij (U _ijx , U _ijy , U _ijz ) for a period of time Δt longer than the period of low-frequency interference (Fig. 5 ^a-c ) at different tilt angles j axis:

- full amplitude (module) of the gravitational vector

- guide cosines:

As can be seen from figure 5, the parameters of the gravitational and seismic fields are confidently recorded at any position of the axis j of the sensor in the gravitational field.

2.2. The wave field using band-pass filters (for a seismic field in a narrow frequency range, for example, 7.2-1800 Hz) along each of the three mutually perpendicular axes of sensitivity of the sensor jx, jy, jz, while:

и ее направляющие косинусы по осям координат датчика2.2.1. The signals U _{j are} correlated along the axes jx, jy, jz, the amplitudes of the signal are numbered sequentially in the time window Δt, and their amplitude is determined, each of which determines the total energy (module) of the wave

and its guiding cosines along the coordinate axes of the sensor

а следовательно, и угол или направление волны по отношению к гравитационному вектору.

and consequently, the angle or direction of the wave with respect to the gravitational vector.

Fig. 6 ^a-c shows an example of recording U _ij with an angle of inclination of the axis j at an angle of (-) 75.26 ° (upper curve) and using a higher-frequency bandpass filter of 7.2-1800 Hz (lower curve).

2.2.2. In the given window Δt, the amplitude and phase-frequency spectra of oscillations along the axes jx, jy, jz are calculated and for any frequency the amplitudes αx, αу and αz are determined, from which the same parameters are calculated as in Section 2.2.1, and the phase spectrum is used for additional identification of waves. Examples of calculating the amplitude and phase frequency spectra are shown in Fig.7 ^a-b .

Fig. 8 shows the signals U _{ij of} oscillations in a well 2 m deep, filled with sludge and water, recorded by a VSP downhole tool simultaneously by two coaxial sensors located at the same observation point and connected by a rigid metal ring, while the DDM sensor ADS2 -200 was turned on in the geophone mode, and the DDM ADS 1-200 sensor in hydrophone mode.

As can be seen, the curves U _j correlate very well with each other. Phase shifts are clearly visible by which exchange waves can be recognized.

Figure 9 ^a-b shows the recording of signals U _{ij by the} proposed sensor and geophones company "Oyo-Geo Impulse". Records of different times at the same point 100 m from the highway. From a comparison of FIGS. 9 ^a and 9 ^b, it is seen that the sensitivity of the proposed sensor in the comparable frequency range 7.2-1800 Hz is higher than that of the Oyo-Geo Impulse seismic receiver, about 6 times and significantly higher (by 2-3 order) in the lower frequency range of 0-10 Hz.

Figure 10 shows an example of the registration of the signal U _jj changes in the pressure of the flushing fluid in the well and the wave field from the movement of the device, the axis j of the claimed sensor is located in a plane close to horizontal, with a sensor sensitivity of 3 mV / Pa (versus 120 μV / Pa at the best an analog - a hydrophone-hydrophone from Sea Technology) or 400 mV / g (ACS curve) in comparison with the signal U _iz of the prototype sensor (SSDU curve) located close to the z axis (1-1.5 °).

As you can see, the curves of the ACS and SSDU during the movement of the device in the well are very similar to each other (the correlation coefficient is close to 1). They reflect the change in the parameters of the wave field (flushing fluid) caused by the movement (bouncing) of the downhole tool with a variable speed (from 0 to 1000 m / h) and its impact on the wall of the well. At the shutdown of the downhole tool, there is no such correlation. It can be seen that the sensitivity of the proposed sensor in absolute units for acceleration of motion or shock is an order of magnitude higher than the analogue [11], but the wave patterns are similar.

From a comparison of the curves U _{ij of a} uniaxial sensor located horizontally on a physical pendulum in the absence of its oscillations, and then with free oscillations of the pendulum at a certain angle to the gravitational vector and the sensor axis j rotated sequentially in two mutually perpendicular planes jx and jy, as well as in a vertical position along the jz axis, it was found that the sensor has a pronounced orientation not only in relation to the acceleration of gravity, but also in relation to the direction of swing. The increments of the sinusoidal signal from the swing of the pendulum were along the indicated axes: ΔU _jzmax = 800986, ΔU _jxmax = 180528, ΔU _jymax = 475203 or the direction cosines: cosα ^ z = 0.84. cosα ^ x = 0.19, cosα ^ y = 0.50, i.e. there is a clear focus on receiving waves of a seismic-acoustic field and a pressure field.

As can be seen, none of the analogues, either by generic concepts or by description, can be used as the closest analogues of the claimed method and device, therefore, the independent claims are set forth without division into restrictive and distinctive parts.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. A quick reference to field geophysics. M., Nedra, 1977, pp. 68-129.

2. Krivko N.N. and other field geophysical apparatus and equipment. M .: Subsoil. 1981, p. 32-38.

3. Volvovsky B.S., Kunin N.Ya., Terekhin E.I. A quick reference to field geophysics. M .: Nedra, 1977, p. 252-254.

4. Zaporozhets B.V. and others. A universal two-component sensor for seismic exploration in shallow water, transit zones and land adjacent to them. J. “Instruments and systems for exploration geophysics” (edition of the Saratov branch of the EAGO) No. 2 (02) 2002, pp. 14-15. Sea Technology LLC Gelendzhik.

5. Grigoriev G.V. and other NV Research Institute of State Geology, Saratov. "Piezoelectric transducers from infrasound to ultrasound." J. “Instruments and systems for exploration geophysics” No. 02 (02) 2002, p. 21.

6. RF patent №2128850. Sirotinsky et al. Three-component receiver of acoustic vibrations.

7. Small-sized measuring transducers (sensors) with compensation of magnetic fluxes. Technical description and operating instructions 08902 055 TO. 1987 year

8. Strain gauges. Operation manual PBSO. 40 8854.000 RE, 2000

9. Egokawa Danky K.K. Sensor for measuring differential pressure. Japan, application No. 63-2332. MKI 4 G 01 L 13/02. declared 55-116345, 80 08 23, publ. 88.01.01.

10. Lisov V.N., Krivonosov R.I., Deynega G.A. Working fluid electrolytic resistive transducer. Pat. RF №2172932. MKI 7 G 01 S 9/18, c. No. 2000123731/28, 09/14/2000, publ. 08/27/2001, bull. Number 24.

11. Krivonosov R.I. etc. A method for determining the anti-aircraft and target angles of a well. RF patent №2017950. h. No. 4935054. 05/06/1991. Reg. 08/15/1994.

Claims (3)

1. The method of determining the parameters of the gravitational and wave fields by an electrolytic sensor containing fixed and movable measuring electrodes and having an inertial mass consisting of a solid part containing an elastic element and a movable electrode, and a liquid part - an electrolyte, which together with the measuring electrodes serves as an electric converter, including measurement of the output signal along the sensitivity axes of the sensor with differential resistance of the electrolyte between the movable and stationary using electrodes, determining the transmission coefficients of the sensor when installing it at a known zenith angle in the gravitational field, determining the basic error of the sensor when it is tilted relative to the vector of the gravitational field, installing the sensor vertically and heating or cooling the sensor in the operating temperature range and measuring the output signal U _ij when differentially the included resistance of the electrolyte between the movable and stationary electrodes of the sensor and the output signal U _iz when they are turned on in parallel, the determination of transmission coefficient K _ij , compilation of a continuous dependence of K _ij = f (U _iz ) to determine the direction component of the gravitational vector along the sensitivity axis j adjusted by U _iz , recording in field or borehole measurements of sensor signals U _ij proportional to the effect of force on the total acceleration of gravitational and wave fields at each time t F _j = m (g _t cos φ _tj + α _tk cos θ _tkj ), where m is the inertial mass; m = m ₁ + m ₂ (m ₁ is the solid part; m _{2 is the} liquid part); g _t - acceleration of gravity in a gravitational field; α _tk - acceleration in the wave field: α _tk = f _t (ω _k ), ω _k is the spectral frequency of the wave field; φ _tj is the angle between the direction of the sensitivity axis j and the gravitational field vector (for ω _k = 0); θ _tkj is the angle between the direction of the wave field vector (a vector perpendicular to the tangent plane to the wave front) and the axis j for ω _k > 0, determination of field parameters using the recorded signals using frequency filtering methods and frequency spectra. 2. A device for determining the parameters of the gravitational and wave fields, containing an electrolytic sensor, comprising a housing of conductive material with cavities filled with an electrolyte, which is a solution of ionophore - potassium hexafluorophosphate (K [PX ₆ ]) in a liquid organic solvent propylene carbonate (C ₄ H ₆ O _3), characterized transfer the amount of electricity numbers of cations and anions ionophore close to 0.5, the measuring electrodes fixed on insulators firmly connected with the housing, the movable meter electrodes, electric current-conducting elastic elements rigidly connected along the sensitivity axis of the sensor at one end with a movable measuring electrode and at the other ends with a housing, while the movable electrode has the ability to move relative to stationary electrodes under the influence of gravitational or wave fields on an inertial mass consisting of from a solid part formed by an elastic element and a movable electrode, and an incompressible liquid part - an electrolyte in contact with the inner surface housing, an elastic element, a movable and stationary measuring electrodes with the possibility of flow, and the measuring electrodes are connected to a measuring bridge circuit with the possibility of differential and parallel connection of the electrolyte resistances between the movable and fixed electrodes. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains three electrolytic sensors mounted on the object along mutually perpendicular coordinate axes, for the possibility of determining the angular coordinates of the object relative to the gravitational field.

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