RU2259955C1 - Method of cleaning natural and sewage waters from suspended substances and microorganisms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods of water cleaning.

SUBSTANCE: invention designed for cleaning natural and sewage waters from dispersed substances and microorganisms can be used at water preparation, at wood working, rubber and metal working enterprises and also at cleaning of household sewage. According to proposed method, reagent is introduced into initial water and mixed with water, and sediment is separated by settling. Used as reagent is product obtained at interaction of colloidal solution of aluminum hydroxochloride, dynamic viscosity of 90-180 Pa.s with hexamethylene tetramine, mass ratio 1:(0.01-0.1). 10% working solution is prepared from obtained hard product and is used in amount of 0.5-10.0 ml per liter of water under cleaning.

EFFECT: improved cleaning characteristics and degree of cleaning five-sex fold increase of sedimentation rate and cleaning of water from microorganisms.

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Description

The invention can be used in the purification of natural and wastewater from solid dispersed substances, in particular in the water treatment of drinking water, in timber processing, rubber and metal processing enterprises, as well as in the treatment of domestic wastewater.

There is a method of treating wastewater and natural waters containing a solid phase by adding coagulants of aluminum sulfate, iron chloride and aluminum hydroxyl chloride to them (Rodionov A.I. et al. Environmental Engineering. Moscow: Chemistry, 1989. P. 222) .

However, the use of these components for the purification of low-water waters requires the additional use of flocculants.

It is known the combined use of aluminum hadroxochloride (GOHA) and a flocculant for the treatment of natural and waste water (Zapolsky AK, Baran AA Coagulants and flocculants in water treatment processes. L .: Chemistry, 1987. P.204).

But with the combined use of GOHA and a flocculant, their separate introduction is recommended, which, firstly, complicates the technological scheme of water purification, and secondly, the introduction of a flocculant into the mixing chamber requires additional mixing, which leads to the destruction of the grid of products of GOX hydrolysis and, as a result, to the cessation of sedimentation.

As a prototype, the method of purification of natural and wastewater with a mixture of a coagulant and a flocculant while simultaneously introducing them into the mixing chamber was selected (Solomentseva I.M., Baran A.A., Kurilenko O.D. Effect of inorganic electrolytes on the flocculation of dispersions of manganese ores with polyacrylamide // Physical and chemical mechanics and lyophilism of disperse systems. - 1975. - Issue 7, 68-72 p.).

The reason that impedes the achievement of the required technical result of the cleaning method of the prototype is the use of two components, which is not economically beneficial both at the stage of their receipt and transportation, and at the stage of application.

In the present invention, the most important task is solved - the development of a cost-effective method of purification of natural and wastewater from solid dispersed substances and compaction of the selected dispersed suspension, which can be used in enterprises of the wood processing, paper, rubber industries, as well as in the treatment of household waste water and in water treatment.

When implementing the proposed method for wastewater treatment, the following technical result is obtained: the degree of purification from solid dispersed substances increases, the sedimentation rate increases by 5-10 times, it is disinfected from microorganisms.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of purification of wastewater and natural waters from suspended particles, which consists in adding a water-soluble reagent, mixing and settling, the reaction product obtained by reacting a colloidal solution of aluminum hydroxochloride (GOXA) with a viscosity of 90 is used as a reagent -180 Pa · s with hexamethylene tetraamide (HMTA), taken in the ratio 1: (0.01-0.10) in an amount of 0.5-10 ml / l of 10% working solution of the obtained product.

The effect of improving the technical and economic indicators of the process of purification of natural and waste water containing solid dispersed substances and pathogenic microorganisms occurs due to the hydrolysis of GOHA and HMTA, which are part of the obtained reagent, which has coagulation, flocculating and disinfecting properties.

The presence of HMTA in the product leads to an increase in the coagulation rate due to the fact that during the hydrolysis of GOCA a hydrogen ion is released, which is bound by the HMTA molecule into a complex with the formation of a four-charged ion [С ₆ Н ₁₂ (Н +) ₄ ] ⁴⁺ . This ion has a high coagulating activity due to the large charge.

The use of the proposed reagent for purification of natural and waste water is determined by the ratio of GOHV and HMTA in the finished product, and at a low concentration, the advantages of GOHA are not manifested and stabilization of the dispersed phase in water is observed due to the high concentration of HMTA. In addition, the excess content of HMTA in the product leads to the fact that when receiving drinking water, the MPC for this substance will be exceeded. With a high content of GOA, the properties of HMTA are practically not manifested during coagulation of the dispersed phase in water. In addition, the disinfecting effect of the product practically disappears.

The method is as follows.

A liquid colloidal solution of GOHA with a dynamic viscosity of 90-180 Pa · s is obtained by dissolving aluminum metal aluminum in 10% hydrochloric acid.

The obtained colloidal solution of GOHA with the corresponding dynamic viscosity is transferred to the solid state by adding with stirring HMTA. The solid product is unlimitedly soluble in water.

For water treatment it is used in the form of a 10% working solution.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. In this example, the use as a coagulant of the product of the interaction of a colloidal solution of GOX with a dynamic viscosity of 180 Pa · s with HMTA in a mass ratio (1: 0.01) is determined. After 40 minutes, the solution becomes solid. A 10% working solution is prepared from the obtained product.

Natural water with a turbidity of 40 mg / l is poured into a cylinder with a capacity of 1 liter and a working solution is added in the amount indicated in the table. 1. The sedimentation rate of coagulation products was measured. After settling for 1.5 hours, turbidity and microbial count were determined.

Example 2. In this example, the use as a coagulant of the product of the interaction of a colloidal solution of GOX with a dynamic viscosity of 140 Pa · s with HMTA in a mass ratio (1: 0.05) is determined. After 90 minutes, the solution becomes solid. A 10% working solution is prepared from the obtained product.

Natural water with a turbidity of 40 mg / l is poured into a cylinder with a capacity of 1 liter and a working solution is added in the amount indicated in Table 1. The sedimentation rate of coagulation products was measured. After settling for 1.5 hours, turbidity and microbial count were determined.

Example 3. In this example, the use as a coagulant of the product of the interaction of a colloidal solution of GOX with a dynamic viscosity of 90 Pa · s with HMTA in a mass ratio (1: 0.1). After 2 hours, the solution becomes solid. A 10% working solution is prepared from the obtained product.

Sewage household water with a turbidity of 150 mg / l and a microbial number of 2000 pcs / cm ^{3 is} poured into a cylinder with a capacity of 1 liter, a working solution is added in the amount indicated in the table. 2. The sedimentation rate of coagulation products was measured. After sedimentation for 1.5 hours, turbidity and microbial count were determined.

Example 4. This example provides data on the purification of natural water with a turbidity of 40 mg / l and a microbial number of 200 pcs / cm ³ according to the prototype. The product of the prototype was obtained by mixing GOX with polyacrylamide (PAA) in the ratio of GOX: PAA (1: 0.53). A 10% working solution is prepared from the obtained product.

Natural water with a turbidity of 40 mg / l is poured into a cylinder with a capacity of 1 liter and a working solution is added in the amount indicated in the table. 3. The sedimentation rate of coagulation products was measured. After settling for 1.5 hours, turbidity and microbial count were determined.

Table 1
The effect of the composition of the products of the interaction of GOX with HMTA and their concentration on the purification of natural water. Following the example Dose of the introduced product, ml / l GOX: HMTA ratio in product Turbidity of purified water, mg / l Microbial number *, pcs / cm ³ Sedimentation rate, mm / min 1 0.5 5,0 150 2 1,0 1: 0.01 1.4 90 3 2.0 0.5 40 5 5,0 0.12 twenty 7 2 0.5 4.2 100 2 1,0 1: 0.5 1.3 75 5 2.0 0.4 21 7 5,0 0.1 0 10

table 2
The influence of the products of the interaction of GOX with HMTA and its concentration on the treatment of wastewater from household water Following the example Dose of the introduced product, ml / l GOX: HMTA ratio in product Turbidity of purified water, mg / l Microbial number pcs / cm ³ Sedimentation rate, mm / min 0.5 5,0 500 4 3 1,0 1: 0.10 1.3 200 7 2.0 0.8 100 nine 5,0 0.6 40 12 10.0 0.3 0 8

Table 3
Prototype natural water treatment Following the example The dose of injected products, ml / l Turbidity of purified water, mg / l Microbial number pcs / cm ³ Sedimentation rate, mm / min 1,0 2,8 180 1,5 4 2.0 1.4 170 2.0 5,0 5.2 168 2,5

From the above examples it follows that the use of the proposed method for treating wastewater and natural waters using the products of the interaction of aluminum hydroxochloride with hexamethylenetetraamine compared to the prototype gives a better degree of purification by turbidity, a higher sedimentation rate and significant antimicrobial activity.

Claims (1)

A method of purifying natural and wastewater from suspended solids and microorganisms, including introducing a reagent, mixing and separating the precipitate formed by settling, characterized in that the product obtained by reacting a colloidal aluminum hydroxide chloride solution with a dynamic viscosity of 90-180 Pa · s with hexamethylenetetramine is used as a reagent in a mass ratio of 1: (0.01-0.1) in an amount of 0.5-10.0 ml / l of a 10% working solution of the obtained product.