RU2259448C2 - Dome-like structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly dome-like structures defining non-circular figure in plan.

SUBSTANCE: dome-like structure is composed of a number of panels having substantially straight edges. In each horizontal level of the structure each panel edge extends between corresponding pair of points locate on imaginary outer structure surface. The structure is designed so that in each above level not all points are situated along common circle, but for each group including three neighboring points spaced one from another in horizontal plane all points of the group have equal radii started from point located in one plane or adjacent the first and the second points of the group are located at the first equal radial distances (radius 1) from point CP-1 in above plane and the third point is spaced the distance (radius 2) equal to that of neighboring point of the group defined between point located on radius of above work point and above adjoining point or between point CP-2 located on radius extending from point CP-1 to above adjacent point.

EFFECT: increased rigidity and stability.

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Description

The present invention relates to a dome-shaped building structure having a frame of beams, each passing between a corresponding pair of points on an imaginary shell of the frame assembled from many separate panels.

The dome-shaped building structure of this general form is described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,285,174, 4,665,664, 4,668,601 and 5,170,599 and in EP-0773331A, incorporated by reference in this application.

European Patent Application No. 0773331 describes a dome-shaped building structure comprising a plurality of substantially concentric elements arranged one above the other, and including a central upper element of the apex and one or more lower elements, each of which forms a part of a geometric body enclosed between two secants planes adjacent to the element located directly above, and in which each specified part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, is called from a plurality of panels with a straight edge, each of which extends from the upper inner edge of the part of the geometric body enclosed between the two secant planes to the lower outer edge, each connection between the edges of the panels on each indicated upper inner edge of each part of the geometric body enclosed between two secant surfaces, coincides with the corresponding connection between the edges of the panels on the adjacent edge of the part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, or a central upper element located immediately above, and at least one indicated part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, contains four-sided and triangular panels, with each triangular panel having a vertex matching the connection between the four-sided panels in the upper inner edge the corresponding part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, and has a base forming the corresponding element of the lower outer edge of the corresponding part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes.

GB-2339806 describes such a construction in which each said four-sided panel is additionally trapezoidal, the shorter of its parallel edges lying in the lower outer edge of the part of the geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, and the longer of its parallel edges lying in the upper inner edge of the part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes.

Known domed structures of this type are generally substantially circular in plan and have substantially axial symmetry about a vertical central axis. This shape has the advantages of strength and stability, but there are certainly circumstances in which a circular shape is not ideal for other reasons, for example, if you want the dome to cover a rectangular sports field or a sports field of another non-circular shape, or if it is desirable to make the use of the plan area is most effective in the case of a generally rectangular area or for fitting to many similar structures closer to each other on the ground without losing space.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a domed structure that is non-circular in plan, however, it retains other advantages, for example, rigidity and stability, of known domed structures having a generally circular planar shape.

In accordance with the present invention, a domed structure is provided which is non-circular in plan, the structure being made up of a plurality of panels with substantially straight edges, as defined in this application, with each edge of said panels extending between a corresponding pair of points on the imaginary outer shell of the structure , and in which the indicated points are located in selected from a variety of horizontal levels in the structure and in which in each of the indicated levels the indicated points are not all are pressed on a common circle, but in which for each set of three adjacent indicated points spaced horizontally from each other, the indicated points either (a) all three have the same radii from a point in the same plane, or (b) two neighboring points from three points are located at the first equal radial distance from a point in the specified plane (referred to as the installation point in this application for convenience), and the remaining point is at the same distance as the adjacent point from the specified set, from the point at the radius of the specified a set point to a specified adjacent point or from a point on the formation behind the specified set point, the last radius mentioned.

In preferred embodiments, the implementation of the domed building structure is similar to some known domed structures, contains many elements located one above the other, and includes a vertex element and one or more lower elements, each of which forms a corresponding part of the geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, adjacent to the element immediately above.

Each specified part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, can be formed of many panels, each of which extends from the upper inner edge of the part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, to the lower outer edge.

In addition, at each specified horizontal level, the indicated distances for all the indicated points on the specified shell have any of only two values constant for this horizontal level, and at each specified horizontal level, the indicated distances for all indicated points on the specified shell have only one of three values constant for this horizontal level.

Additionally, each specified installation point lies in one vertical plane, as the corresponding specified installation point in the indicated levels above and below, and in each of the specified horizontal levels in the structure, the horizontal edges (segments) of these panels in the specified level have sections that are all the more , the greater the indicated radial distance from the corresponding setting points.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a domed structure according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical end view of the structure of figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical side view of the structure of figure 1.

Figure 4 is a plan view.

Figure 5 is the same vertical side view.

6 and 7 are the same, vertical views from opposite ends of another embodiment of a domed structure in accordance with the present invention.

8-10 are similar diagrams illustrating the principles of the present invention.

11 is a diagram similar to the circuits shown in FIGS. 8-10, illustrating additional elements of preferred embodiments of the present invention.

As follows from FIGS. 1-3, the illustrated dome-shaped structure comprises a roof or shell formed by a plurality of individual flat panels with straight edges, fitted edge to edge to each other. The panels can form a fully supporting dome structure, or the panels can be supported by an underlying supporting frame or communication system. For example, the panels may be individually glazed frames, delimited by frame elements or beams, or may be unitary panels with straight edges of metal, plastic, plywood, or the like.

The domed structure illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 contains a central uppermost element 20 located in an outward direction from it and below an element 24, a plurality of concentric rings or parts of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, each containing a ring of panels, connected edge to edge, each panel extends from the upper inner edge of the corresponding part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, to its lower outer edge. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the center portion 20 has an inverted boat shape containing at each end a pair of adjacent triangular panels 22, and on each side a series of adjacent quadrangular panels 24, which series extends from the triangular panel 22 at one end to a triangular panel 22 at the other end, on the corresponding side. The lower edges of the panels 22 and 24 form the periphery of the element 20. A part of the geometric body enclosed between the two secant planes, or a ring located directly in the outward direction and below the element 20, contains a series of interconnected trapezoidal panels 25, the upper edge of each panel 25 (at the ends the part of the geometric body enclosed between the two secant planes of the triangular panels 25a) coincides with the base of the corresponding panel 22 or 24, and the lower edge of each panel 25 is parallel to the upper edge and the image m of the lower edge of the ring or portion of a geometric body enclosed between two intersecting planes, the panel 25 meet one another along respective "lines of longitude" structures (i.e. lines which lie in respective vertical planes). Similarly, in the illustrated structure, the two ends of the geometric body part 25, 25a enclosed between two secant planes each contain five triangular panels 25a located side by side, the panels 25a having vertices at their upper ends coinciding with a “point” or “nose” "or" stern "element 20 having the shape of a boat, and their bases form the corresponding elements of the lower periphery of the part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, with each panel 25 adjacent to either end of the part an insulating body enclosed between two intersecting planes and has one side coinciding with a side of the adjacent panel 25a. Similarly, the additional part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, formed from trapezoidal panels 26 and located in the direction outward and below the part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, of panels 25, 25a, has a shorter edge forming an element of the inner and the upper edge of the part of the geometric body enclosed between two secant planes adjacent and coinciding with the lower edge of the corresponding panel 25, 25a, with each panel 26 having a pair the allelic lower edge forming the corresponding element of the lower and outer edges of the corresponding part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, panels 26.

Similarly, a part of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes of panels 26 will crown an additional part of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes of panels 28, which in turn will crown a part of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, panels 30, crowning a part a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, panels 32, which in turn crowns a portion of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes and, panels 34. The part of the geometric body enclosed between the two secant planes of the panels 34 finally crowns the ring of panels 36. The upper and lower edges of each part of the geometric body enclosed between the two secant planes lie in the respective horizontal planes, with the connection between the panels in the upper edge of each part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, coincides with the corresponding connection between the panels of the adjacent adjacent part of the geometric body, enclosed between vumya intersecting planes, and the edge panels pass between such top and bottom edges lying in respective "lines of longitude" (as defined above). The lowest section of the structure may include panels 36, which are completely vertical and provide a vertical peripheral wall of the structure, so that the lowest section is more of a "cylinder" than a part of a geometric body bounded between two secant planes. It should also be noted that the lowermost ring of panels 36 and two sections or parts 34, 32 of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes located above are interrupted in two places (as shown) by the structures 40 of the doorway or portico.

As is evident from Figs. 4-7, the structure is not round in plan, like standard domed structures, but is an oval in plan, as in the case of the structure illustrated in Figs. 1-7. In accordance with the present invention, other embodiments may have plan shapes, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 10, a shape close to a square having rounded corners. The round shape of a standard dome-shaped structure in the plan should be largely responsible for the stiffness and stability of such dome-shaped structures and deviation from the traditional round configuration of dome-shaped structures, as a rule, as a result of which a significant loss of rigidity and stability occurs, if, for example, an additional system is not used ties and / or tension ropes. However, the author of this application has found that such a loss of stability or stiffness can be prevented to a large extent by creating structures of such non-circular domed structures in accordance with the set of rules described below. Thus, the author of this application has discovered that stability and rigidity can be greatly improved if the shape of the non-circular domed structure is such that in a selected one of the many horizontal levels in the structure for each set of three adjacent points spaced apart in the horizontal direction, in the shell or frame of the structure, either all three points have one radius from a point in the same plane, or two adjacent points of these three points are at the first equal radial distance from the point (called in of the application “installation point”) in such a horizontal plane, and the remaining point is at the same distance as the adjacent point of the specified set, from the point on the radius from the specified installation point to the specified adjacent point, or form a point on the formation behind the specified installation point of the last mentioned radius. Thus, each segment forms in horizontal projection the base of an isosceles triangle, the sides of which are formed by radii from the corresponding installation point.

For example, FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a part of a horizontal section of a domed structure according to the present invention, said partial horizontal section having a first part formed by a series of segments 44 connected end-to-end and a second and third section on each side of the first section, containing segments 46a and 46b, respectively, connected end-to-end at points 52a and 52b. Segments 44, 46a, 46b shown in Fig. 8 may contain horizontal upper or lower edges of the panels of the ring or part of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, a dome-shaped structure similar to that illustrated in Figs. 1-7 containing a plurality of ( superimposed on one another) of such rings or parts of a geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, having dimensions or configuration to obtain such a structure (not shown). The segments 44, 46a, 46b, forming a continuous span or arc, as shown in Fig. 8, can be horizontal beams providing the upper or lower edges of the part of the geometric body enclosed between two secant planes in a structure containing a frame of such beams, or may contain upper or lower edges of the panels forming the corresponding part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, or may even represent horizontal sections through such panels, in cross section having upper e and the lower edges of such portion, enclosed between two intersecting planes geometric body.

In the structure illustrated in FIG. 8, adjacent segments 44 are connected end-to-end at points 48 that are located at equal radial distances represented by radii 50 in FIG. 8 from the mounting point CP-1 in one plane. The segments 46a of the second section are joined together end-to-end at points 52, while the segments 46a of the second section closest to the first section are connected to the adjacent segment 44 at 47a. Similarly, segments 46 of the third section are connected end-to-end at additional points 52b, and segment 46b of the third section closest to the first section is connected to adjacent segment 44 of the first section at additional point 47b. Points 47a, 47b and 48 are all located at the same radial distance (indicated by radii 50, 50a and 50b, respectively) from the setting point CP-1. The points 52a of the second section and the point 47a are located at shorter equal radial distances (indicated by radii 53 in FIG. 8) from the common setting point CP-2 at a radius 50a. Similarly, points 52b of the third section and point 47b are even shorter equal radial distances (indicated by radii 53b) from the additional common mounting point CP-3 at a radius of 50b. From Fig. 8 it is obvious that while segments 44, 46a and 46b represent physical components, the illustrated radii 50, 50a, 50b, 53 and 53b represent only the distances from the corresponding points CP-1, CP-2 and CP-3 and do not correspond or do not necessarily correspond to any physical components. Similarly, points CP-1, CP-2, and CP-3 do not necessarily correspond to any physical components.

Fig.9 illustrates a diagram similar to the diagram illustrated in Fig.8, in which, however, the first section of the periphery of the part of the geometric body, enclosed between the two cutting planes, contains the first series of segments 44 connected end-to-end at points 48, the second section contains a segment 46 connected to an adjacent segment 44 at a point 47 at the same radial distance 50 from the setting point CP-1 as the point 48, and the third section contains segments 49 connected together end-to-end at points 52, wherein segment 46 is connected to an adjacent segment volume 49 at point 54. Point 54 and point 47 are located at equal radial distances (indicated as "radius 2, which is shorter than radii 50) from point CP-2 at a radius from point CP-1 to point 47. Point 54 and point 52 are at equal radial distances (indicated as "radius 3") from the CP-3 setpoint, at a radius from the CP-2 point to point 54.

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a horizontal section of a domed structure according to the present invention, using similar principles that were used in the examples described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. As shown in FIG. 10, a polygonal shape 66 approaching a square with rounded corners, may contain horizontal upper or lower edges of the panels of the ring or part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, of a domed structure containing m a number of overlapping rings or parts of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes having a size or shape to provide a generally domed structure (not shown). Linear segments forming polygon 66 may include horizontal beams providing the upper and lower edges of the part of the geometric body enclosed between the two secant planes in the structure containing the frame of such beams, or may contain the upper or lower edges of the panels forming the corresponding part of the geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, or may represent horizontal sections through such panels.

The boundary of the polygonal part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes, illustrated in figure 10, contains four similar "side sections" and four similar "corner sections", each of which is located between two adjacent side sections. Each side section contains two equal segments 67, the ends of which are at equal radial distances, represented by radii 50, from the corresponding installation point CP-1 in one plane and (in this case) outside polygon 66, while each corner section contains a series of four equal segments 74, the ends of which are equal to shorter radial distances, represented by radii 76, from the corresponding common installation point CP-2 in part 66 of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes mi Two segments 67 of each side section are end-to-end connected at a corresponding point 68 and connected to adjacent segments 74 at respective points 71. Segments 74 of each corner section are end-to-end connected at 75. Each CP-2 lies on a radius from the connection 71 between the corresponding segment 74 at the end of the corner section and the adjacent segment 67, from the corresponding installation point CP-1, connected by a radius with the last mentioned segment 67. For clarity, the radii 50 are shown in Fig. 10 only for two side sections of the drawing, and glad mustache 76 - only one corner section.

It should be further noted with reference to FIGS. 1-10 that for panels 25-36 (and corresponding segments 44-49; 67, 74 and so on) in any particular part of the geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, the radial distance (50 , 76) to the corresponding installation point (CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, and so on) is greater than the horizontal size of the corresponding segment or panel. This principle can be implemented in various ways. For example, a structure can be arranged in such a way that in the horizontal level of each part of the geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, an isosceles triangle bounded by the corresponding segment or edge of the horizontal panel and two equal radii extending to the corresponding installation point is similar in geometrical sense to others such triangles in the horizontal level of this part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes. As a rule, such triangles at the level of the upper or lower edges of each horizontal part of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes in this structure can also be geometrically similar to such triangles at the levels of the upper or lower boundaries of any other part of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes in this structure.

Thus, with reference to FIG. 11, which is a schematic diagram similar to those shown in FIGS. 8-10, the horizontal sections of the respective segments or edges of the horizontal panel are indicated in L-1, L-2, L-3, respectively, for segments having corresponding installation points CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, respectively, at radial distances RAD-1, RAD-2, RAD-3, respectively, from their respective installation points. RAD-1 is greater than RAD-2, which in turn is larger than RAD-3, and accordingly L-1 is greater than L-2, which in turn is larger than L-3. Preferably, L-1 / RAD-1 = L-2 / RAD-2 = L-3 / RAD-3.

In general, compared with a domed structure having a round “imprint” (that is, a plan view), due to the increase in the horizontal sections of the panels in increments, the shape of the imprint changes. This is favorable for construction to ensure that the connecting lines of the same-length panel segment protrude in a radial direction to a common center point or installation point.

The present invention allows to obtain elongated domed structures, which do not need to have additional supports, such as vaulted structures. This significantly increases the cost-effectiveness of the structure and reduces the price per ton of material stored in this structure.

It should be obvious that in practical applications, the beams or panels forming the structure will have a finite thickness and that in practice may be sufficient for points that meet the above geometric conditions, located somewhere in that thickness or even slightly outside or inside the physical panel or beams, without significant loss of advantages of the present invention and, thus, without deviating from the scope of the present invention.

It should be obvious that although one of the objectives of the present invention is to minimize the need for an additional communication system or support, the domed structure corresponding to the present invention can be connected internally or externally, for example, by means of compressed braces or links passing between non-adjacent panel joints or between connections and independent attachment points.

Although for simplicity, the above examples of embodiments of the present invention consisted essentially of a plurality of superimposed parts of a geometric body enclosed between two secant planes, horizontal “layers”, each having a more or less independent structural identity, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to structures designed in such a way, and that similar principles are applicable, for example, to structures formed using interdigital polygonal panels in various horizontal panels, or which, for example, are designed as a series of adjacent vertical sectors or layers.

Claims (8)

1. The domed structure, which is non-circular in plan and formed of many panels with essentially straight edges, each of which passes between a corresponding pair of points on the imaginary shell of the structure, said points being located at selected from many horizontal levels in the structure and in each of the indicated levels, not all indicated points lie on a common circle, but for each set of three adjacent indicated points spaced apart in the horizontal direction, the indicated points are (a) all three have the same radii from a point in the same plane, or (b) two adjacent points of three points are at the first equal radial distance from a point in the indicated plane, called the installation plane, and the remaining point is at the same distance as an adjacent point from the specified set, from a point on the radius from the specified setting point to the specified adjacent point or from a point on the formation, beyond the specified setting point, of the last mentioned radius. 2. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that in each specified horizontal level, the indicated distances for all the indicated points on the specified shell have any of only two values constant for this horizontal level. 3. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that in each specified horizontal level, the indicated distances for all the indicated points on the specified shell have only one of three values constant for this horizontal level. 4. The construction according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that each of the specified installation point lies in the same vertical plane as the corresponding specified installation point in the indicated levels above and below. 5. The structure according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it contains many elements located one above the other, while it contains a vertex element and one or more lower elements, each of which forms the corresponding part of the geometric body, enclosed between two secant planes adjacent directly to the upstream element. 6. The structure according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that in each of the specified horizontal levels in the structure, the horizontal edges of the said panels at the indicated level have sections that are larger, the greater the greater the specified radial distance from the corresponding installation points. 7. The construction according to claim 6, characterized in that in each of the indicated horizontal levels in the structure, the ratio of the horizontal sections of the indicated edges of the horizontal panel to its radial distance from the corresponding installation point is the same from panel to panel. 8. The construction according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that at the specified horizontal level, the end points of the edges of the panels of the same length are at the same radial distance from the common installation point.

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