RU2258028C1 - Method of production of hydrogen and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes passage of flow of "light" and "heavy" water mixture under pressure through one or several holes of dielectric element, acting on this mixture by magnetic field and dividing it into three flows: two flows having different ions by electrical sign and chemical properties are electrically insulated, accelerated and directed to collimators. "Light" and "heavy" water mixture at specific resistance of about 10⁹ ohms·m is taken at ratio required for control of nuclear reaction. Device proposed for realization of this method has housing which is dielectrically resistant to cavitation emission and is used for receiving the mixture. Insert mounted in housing is made from dielectric material liable to cavitation emission and provided with one or several holes for passage of mixture. Housing is also provided with electrically insulated branch pipes for receiving the ionized flows. Located in way of ionized flows are control electrodes and contactors; collimators with contactors are mounted at the end of ionized flow.

EFFECT: possibility of production hydrogen from "light" and "heavy" water mixture in amount sufficient for practical use.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The inventive method and device relate to the field of nuclear energy and can be used to produce hydrogen by dissociation of a liquid, such as water, in a stream.

It is known that during the passage through water of nuclear reaction products, mainly those having an electric charge, the atoms and molecules of water ionize. Due to this interaction, the dissociation of molecules occurs. Many have tried to use this process to produce hydrogen. Such studies were carried out at the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the result of which was the scientific discovery No. 366, announced on July 21, 1983 and registered on June 22, 1989, by V.L. Talroze and E.P. Frankevich. The discovery, in particular, found that the dissociation of molecules, as a rule, is suppressed by vibrational relaxation during ion-molecular collisions and other processes. Due to this phenomenon, hydrogen is released in very small quantities.

It is also known that the dissociation of water occurs due to the energy arising from the synthesis of nuclei (RF patent No. 2152083, publ. 06.27.2000). The device according to the aforementioned patent works on a mixture consisting of “light water” and “heavy water” in the form of an expiring dielectric medium and contains a housing that is dielectric-resistant to cavitation emission and has an insert with holes made of dielectric material prone to cavitation emission inside . Chemically pure “heavy water” with the same dielectric characteristics in the ratio required to control the reaction is introduced into the outflowing dielectric medium, “light water”, with an electrical resistivity of about 10 ⁹ Ohm · m. At the same time, an electric charge of high density is formed in the holes of the insert, the potential of which is able to ionize the atoms of hydrogen isotopes and give the nuclei of these atoms an energy pulse to overcome the Coulomb barrier and ensure nuclear interaction. However, the hydrogen component of the flow in a small portion of the path combines with the oxygen, vibrational relaxation occurs, therefore, the hydrogen yield is small.

Closest to the proposed device is a device according to the application 2002106224/06 of 03/12/2002, a positive decision of 09/01/2003, publ. 10/09/2003, operating on a mixture consisting of "light water" and "heavy water", in the form of an expiring dielectric medium, containing a body that is dielectric-resistant to cavitation emissions, in the cavity of which an insert is made, made of a dielectric material prone to cavitation emission, and provided with one or more openings to expiry therethrough ionized dielectric medium, "light water" with a resistivity of about 10 ⁹ Ohm · m, in admixture with chemically pure "heavy water" with the same dielectric eskimi characteristics in the ratio required for the control of nuclear reaction, and on the outer housing part mounted magnets. At the same time, an electric charge of high density is formed in the holes of the insert, the potential of which is able to ionize the atoms of hydrogen isotopes and give the nuclei of these atoms an energy pulse to overcome the Coulomb barrier and ensure nuclear interaction. However, the hydrogen yield is small due to the fact that the hydrogen component of the flow in a small portion of the path is connected to the oxygen component, vibrational relaxation occurs.

The proposed inventions solve the problem of producing hydrogen from an ionized stream of a mixture of "light water" and "heavy water" in quantities sufficient for practical use.

To achieve the technical result in the inventive method for producing hydrogen by dissociating a liquid, for example, a mixture of "light water" and "heavy water", a mixture of "light water" and "heavy water" under pressure is passed through one or more holes made in a dielectric element act on this mixture along the path through a magnetic field, divide it into at least three streams, two of which carry ions that are different in electrical sign and chemical properties, electrically isolate these two streams, accelerate their passage and sent to the collimators to bring them into a stable state.

Distinctive features of the proposed method are that the mixture of “light water” and “heavy water” is divided into at least three streams, two of which carry ions that are different in electrical sign and chemical properties, electrically isolate these two streams, accelerate their passage and sent to the collimators to bring them into a stable state.

To achieve the technical result, a device is proposed that operates on a mixture of "light water" and "heavy water", which includes a dielectric housing for receiving the mixture, in the cavity of which there is an insert made of a dielectric material prone to cavitation emission and equipped with one or more holes for the passage of a mixture of "light water" with a resistivity of about 10 ⁹ Ohm · m and chemically pure "heavy water" with the same dielectric characteristics in the ratio necessary to control the nuclear reaction, and magnets mounted on the body along the path of the mixture. In contrast to the known device in the housing of the device, electrically isolated pipes are formed for receiving ionized fluxes. At the same time, control electrodes are located along the path of ionized flows, designed to accelerate the passage of the flow, and contactors that serve to ground the flow. At the end of the ionized flux path, collimators with contactors are installed.

The described circuit of the device allows to obtain hydrogen from an ionized stream of a mixture of “light water” and “heavy water” in quantities sufficient for practical use. Achieving this result is ensured by the creation of conditions for the passage of flows of a mixture of "light water" and "heavy water" inherent in the proposed method.

A comparative analysis of the claimed technical solutions allowed us to identify distinctive features, which proves the conformity of the claimed sets of features to the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

When searching for analogues and prototype, no technical solutions were found that are similar to the distinguishing features of the claimed solutions, which proves the conformity of the claimed sets of features to the criteria of the invention "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by a drawing, which shows a schematic diagram of a General view of a device for producing hydrogen.

The proposed method is implemented as follows. Before starting work, a mixture of “light water” and “heavy water” is prepared in the ratio necessary to control the reaction. Then the installation is washed at least 3 times with chemically pure “light water”. After washing, the filter elements are replaced in the filters, then all systems: water treatment, measurements, discharge and other auxiliary systems are washed, putting the unit into operation, setting the pressure to 5-7 MPa and a flow pulsation frequency of about 1 kHz. Next, fill the system with a working fluid - a mixture of “light water” and “heavy water”, isolate it from atmospheric air, fill the system with an inert gas, such as nitrogen, bring the mixture to a specific electrical resistance of 10 ⁹ Ohm · m, which is an indicator of the purity of water. The order of operations can be changed, for example, to prepare the mixture before pouring it into the system. It is important that during operation it has a specific electrical resistance of at least 10 Ohm · m. By changing the frequency of the flow pulsation, bringing it to the resonant frequency, for example, up to 1 kHz, cavitation emission is excited at the inlet of the insert hole, as a result of this, a nuclear fusion reaction begins and the flow dissociates. When an ionized stream enters a magnetic field, it is divided into parts and moves through the nozzles in accordance with the sign of the electric charge. As a result, a hydrogen-containing stream, an oxygen-containing stream and a neutral stream are obtained. Since the flows are separated, relaxation is excluded. Further, to intensify the process, the hydrogen-containing and oxygen-containing streams are passed through the control electrodes, while a negative potential is supplied to the hydrogen-containing stream, and a positive potential is supplied to the oxygen-containing stream. The streams passing through the control electrodes are grounded by contactors. Then, the flows are directed to collimators, where the ions are brought to a stable state, which is illustrated by the following well-known formula: (Н ⁺ + е ^- ) → Н, where Н ⁺ is a hydrogen ion, е ^is an electron, and Н is a stable hydrogen isotope. Next, pure hydrogen is supplied to the consumer.

The proposed device for producing hydrogen comprises a housing 1 made of a dielectric material that is resistant to cavitation emission and thermal effects, for example, of ceramic or sapphire with an insert 2 installed in it, made of dielectric material, for example, asbestos cement or fluoroplastic, prone to cavitation emission and made in it by one or more holes 3, which are cylindrical channels 25-30 mm long and 1-2 mm in diameter. At least 1 magnet 4 is mounted on the housing 1, which may be permanent or inductive. Behind the magnets 4, pipes 5, 6 and 7 are formed for receiving the flows, and the pipes 5 and 6 are electrically isolated from each other. In this case, the nozzles 5 and 6 carry ionized flows of negative potential and positive, respectively, and the nozzle 7 carries a neutral flow. A control electrode 8 is installed behind the nozzle 5 of the housing 1, and a control electrode 9 is installed behind the nozzle 6 of the housing 1. Collimators 10 and 11 are installed to bring the ionized fluxes to a stable state. providing grounding of ionized streams. The collimators 10 and 11 are grounded using contactors 14.

The device operates as follows. A dielectric fluid stream, a mixture of “light water” and “heavy water”, is fed into housing 1 to insert 2. When the mixture flows through the holes 3 with a flow pulsation frequency approximately equal to the natural pulsation frequency of the hole 3, powerful resonant vibrations of the mixture flow occur. Cavitation occurs at the entrance to the openings 3 and the cavitation emission accompanying it. The material from which insert 2 is made, in the zone of intense cavitation emits electrons that are carried away by the flow, and a positive charge of high density forms on the inlet edge of the holes 3, the potential of which can reach a million volts relative to the ground. When a dielectric fluid expires in the zone of influence of this charge, hydrogen isotope atoms lose electrons from their orbits. The nuclei of hydrogen isotopes are positively charged and when interacting with a positive charge located on the input edge of the hole 3, they are repelled to the center of the hole 3, where their concentration increases, i.e. plasma density, and the retention time of nuclei is very large compared with the time of the course of nuclear reactions. The momentum received by the nucleus from a positive charge located on the input edge of insert 2 can exceed 10 keV. Thus, conditions are created for the occurrence of nuclear fusion reactions. Nuclei cross the Coulomb barrier and interact. The number of interactions is governed by the ratio of “light water” to “heavy water”. The flux thus ionized passes through the magnetic field created by magnets 4, as a result of which Lorentz forces arise, under which the charged particles of the flux separate, resulting in flows with negative ions being directed to nozzle 5, with positive ions to nozzle 6, and nozzle 7 receives a neutral stream. Since the flows are electrically isolated, their relaxation is excluded. Streams carry ions that are different in electrical sign and chemical properties. Negative ions from the pipe 5 enter the control electrode 8, where the stream intensifies and enters the collimator 10, where the ions, having received their charge, become free, resulting in hydrogen. Positive ions from the pipe 6 enter the control electrode 9, where the flow is also intensified and enters the collimator 11, where the ions, compensating for their charge, also become free, resulting in oxygen. In the course of the flow to the collimators 10 and 11, the flows are in contact with the contactors 12 and 13, respectively, i.e. touching the ground already on the way to collimators 10 and 11 partially restore their balance.

The device has been manufactured and tested. At the moment, the total operating time of the device has reached 59 hours.

Thus, the proposed method and device make it possible to obtain not only hydrogen, but also oxygen. But oxygen production is not yet of industrial interest.

The low cost of components that ensure the operation of the device, as well as its reliability and minimal environmental impact, create great benefits in the production of hydrogen. In addition, the reserves of hydrogen isotopes that are necessary to produce hydrogen are practically unlimited in nature.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing hydrogen by dissociating a liquid in a stream, for example, a mixture of "light water" and "heavy water", including its passage under pressure through one or more holes made in a dielectric element, the impact on the path of this mixture through a magnetic field, different the fact that the mixture of “light water” and “heavy water” is divided into at least three streams, two of which carry ions that are different in electrical sign and chemical properties, electrically isolate these two streams, accelerate their passage and directed to the collimators to bring them to a stable state. 2. A device for producing hydrogen, operating on a mixture of “light water” and “heavy water”, including a dielectric resistant housing for cavitation emission for receiving a mixture of “light water” and “heavy water”, in the cavity of which an insert made of dielectric material is installed prone to cavitation emission, and equipped with one or more holes for passing a mixture of "light water" with a specific resistance of about 10 ⁹ Ohm · m and chemically pure "heavy water" with the same dielectric characteristics in the ratio necessary to control the nuclear reaction, magnets mounted on the passage of the mixture of "light water" and "heavy water", characterized in that the casing is formed of pipes electrically isolated from each other for receiving ionized streams, and control electrodes are located along the path of ionized streams, and contactors, and at the end of the ionized flux path, collimators with contactors are installed.