RU2257037C2 - Hand-held weeding hoe - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: horticulture and viniculture, in particular, weeding, thinning and mellowing tools used on home's ground and in farms.

SUBSTANCE: hand-held weeding hoe is formed as rectangular frame with upper part including U-shaped clip having receptacle for cutting, with inward oriented pins being provided at clip ends. Lower part of frame is formed as U-shaped double-edged knife with edges on inner or outer sides thereof being coated with layer of metal having increased hardness. Pin receiving openings and skew recesses extending to opening centers are provided at knife ends to allow hoe to operate "away from" and "toward" operator. Blade arranged on rear edge of knife has layer of increased hardness on its outer side, and knife sharpening is provided on its inner side to create advantageous conditions for self-sharpening of blade. Inner side on this edge is subjected to greater wear, with preliminary sharpening angle making 20-25°. Width of metal layer of increased hardness deposited on knife edge is at least 5 mm. Metal layer may be made zigzag-shaped. Receptacle for cutting is formed as cup whose bottom is fixed on clip and side wall adjoining front and rear edges of clip is equipped with diametrically opposite vertical recesses. Sealing ring is movably put onto cup to provide for tight setting of cutting.

EFFECT: improved operating characteristics of weeding hoe and reduced labor intensity for operator.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural tools and can be used for weeding, thinning crops, loosening the soil on personal plots, in farms, gardening, viticulture.

Known garden hand tools: lepids, hoes, in which the working body is made in the form of a knife, which performs various functions from loosening the soil to removing weed roots. The dimensions and shapes of the cross section of the knife and holder in the used hand tools are established practically on the basis of experience, taking into account all factors affecting the performance of the tool.

The main tasks in the manufacture of such hand tools are to increase the productivity and quality of tillage, as well as simplicity and versatility in operation without periodic adjustment and adjustment during operation.

A number of hand tools are known with a working body in the form of a blade with a bent end, triangular and rhombic in shape.

The main disadvantages of these tools are either their one-sided operation, or the lack of versatility, as well as the need for significant physical effort when deepening the tool into the thickness of the soil layer.

Hand hoe (USSR patent No. 9964, publ. 1929), made in the form of a rectangular frame made of metal tape, the upper part of which is fixedly connected to the handle, and the lower and side sides form a blade sharpened on both sides, does not allow replacing the knife in case of its breakdown, and also there is no possibility of self-sharpening the knife during its operation, and due to the motionless attachment of the knife to the handle, weeding is carried out in only one direction - “towards you”.

The hand hoe (RF patent No. 2038711, published on July 9, 1995), made in the form of a rectangular collapsible frame, the upper part of which is connected to the handle (hereinafter the socket), a U-shaped bracket, at the opposite ends of which pins are installed inside the frame, and the lower one is made in the form of a U-shaped double-edged knife, at the ends of which holes are made for pins and oblique sections at an angle of 12–30 °, which allows weeding by moving the hoe in two directions - “towards you” and “ from myself ” Higher labor productivity. A feature of this hoe is also that the edges of the inner and outer sides of the knife are made of metal with different hardnesses, while the layer with increased hardness is on the inside of the knife, and the blade is sharpened on the outside of both edges. The angle of preliminary grinding of the blade is 5 ÷ 15 °. The process of self-sharpening of the blades is carried out due to more intensive wear during friction against the soil of an external less hard layer. In this case, the leading edge of the knife is located in a plane to the longitudinal axis of the handle at an angle of 30 ° when the tool moves “away from you”.

Significant disadvantages of the hoe is that the process of self-sharpening the blade located on the rear edge of the knife (ie, the blade working when the tool moves “on itself”) is not effective enough. As experience with a hoe showed, on the trailing edge, the inside of the knife experiences more intense friction on the ground. And since a layer with increased hardness is made on this side of the knife, its wear is negligible. On the outside with softer metal, friction against the ground, and consequently, metal wear, occurs mainly on a narrow strip of the knife, 1.0-1.5 mm from the edge. This leads to the formation of a 35-40 ° angle of self-sharpening of the blade during metal wear. such a blade is not sharp enough.

The disadvantages include the too small blade sharpening angle from 5 ° to 15 °. At such angles, the blade tip has insufficient strength, which when working in the soil leads to its deformation and destruction.

The disadvantage is the need for careful fitting of the handle into the nest and the difficulty of removing the handle when it breaks, or the need to replace it when the handle is dry.

The present invention solves the problem of improving the operational characteristics of the pololnik with minimal labor costs by increasing the strength, wear resistance and ease of readjustment.

To achieve these technical results, in a manual logbook made in the form of a rectangular folding frame, the upper part of which includes a U-shaped bracket with a socket for a handle, at the ends of which the pins are fixed inside the bracket, and the lower is made in the form of a double-edged U-shaped knife , the edges of the inner or outer sides of which have a layer with increased hardness and, at the ends of which holes are made for pins and oblique sections to the centers of the holes, when the front edge of the knife is located to the longitudinal axis of the socket at an angle m 30 °, according to the invention, the blade located on the rear edge of the knife has a layer with increased hardness on its outer side, and the sharpening of the blade is made on its inner side, which creates favorable conditions for self-sharpening the blade, because the inner surface at this edge is subject to more wear.

Salient features are also:

- the implementation of the angle of sharpening of the blade of the knife within 20 ÷ 25 °, which gives the blade sufficient strength;

- a layer of metal with increased hardness is applied to the edges of the knife with a width of at least 5 mm, which is the minimum size taking into account the abrasion of the metal of the blade when it is self-sharpening;

- a metal layer with increased hardness is made in the form of a broken zigzag line, which during the work of the pololnik and the wear of the “soft” metal layer leads to the formation of a serrated knife blade;

- the angle of deviation of the lateral parts of the U-shaped knife from their vertical position is 25 ÷ 45 °, which increases the elastic properties and ensures reliable fastening of the knife on the staple pins;

- the nest for the handle is made in the form of a glass, the bottom of which is fixed on a bracket, and diametrically opposite vertical cuts are made on the side surface of the bracket from the front and rear edges of the bracket, while the sealing ring is movably mounted on the glass, which allows to provide a tight nozzle of the handle according to its size due to deformation of the nest due to cutouts and a sealing ring. In addition, the cuts create stiffeners and allow manual pololnik to work “on his own” without deformation.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device;

figure 2 is a side view;

figure 3 - section aa the cutting part of the knife;

figure 4 - view of the knife when disassembled pololnik;

5 is a variant view of the applied layer.

Hand pololnik, made in the form of a rectangular collapsible frame (figure 1, 2), contains a bracket 1, socket 2 for attaching the handle, a double-edged knife 3 mounted on pins 4. The socket is made in the form of a glass, on the side surface of which is made from the front and the trailing edges of the bracket are diametrically opposite cuts creating stiffening ribs 5, while the ring 6 is mounted with the possibility of movement on the glass. The front edge of the knife is located at an angle of 30 ° to the longitudinal axis of the socket.

The knife blade (Fig. 3) has a metal layer 7 with increased hardness of at least 5 mm in width and with a sharpening angle of 20 ÷ 25 ° from the side of a less hard layer, while the metal layer with increased hardness can be either continuous or in the form broken zigzag line 8 (figure 4).

The angle of deviation of the lateral parts of the U-shaped knife 3 from their vertical position is 25 ÷ 45 ° (figure 5).

Work with the tool as follows.

Previously, the handle is installed in the nest of the pololnik and with the help of the sealing ring its reliable fastening is achieved. In the process, when the pololnik moves “towards himself”, the trailing edge of the knife is buried in the ground and its longitudinal movement is carried out. In this case, the inner side of the knife, made of metal with lower hardness, experiences more intense friction against the soil, compared with the outer side, which leads to more intense abrasive wear, and hence to self-sharpening of the blade during operation. The process is similar when moving the pololnik “away from you”.

Measurements of the angles of the blades after their long-term operation showed that in the process of self-sharpening, a sharpening angle is created within 18 ÷ 26 °, which provides sufficient sharpness of the blade for work in the ground.

The exploitation of meadow dwellers also showed that it significantly facilitates agricultural work, and is also a universal tool that allows weed weed, loosen the soil, process trunks of fruit trees and shrubs, prepare beds for sowing, etc.

Claims (5)

1. A manual weeder made in the form of a rectangular collapsible frame, the upper part of which includes a U-shaped bracket with a socket for a handle, at the ends of which pins are fixed inside the staples, and the lower is made in the form of a double-edged knife with a U-shape, an inner or outer edge the sides of which have a layer of metal with increased hardness and at the ends of which holes are made for pins and oblique sections to the centers of the holes, and the front edge of the knife is located to the longitudinal axis of the socket at an angle of 30 °, characterized in that the blade is located worn on the trailing edge of the knife, has a layer with increased hardness on its outer side, and the sharpening of the blade is made on its inner side having a less hard metal layer, while on the other edge of the knife, the deposition of the layer with increased hardness and sharpening of the blade are made opposite to the sides of the first edge . 2. Pololnik according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of preliminary sharpening of the blades is 20 ÷ 25 °. 3. Pololnik according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the metal layer with increased hardness is applied to the edges of the knife with a width of at least 5 mm. 4. Pololnik according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the metal layer with increased hardness is made in the form of a broken zigzag line. 5. Pololnik according to claim 1, characterized in that the nest to the handle is made in the form of a glass, the bottom of which is fixed on a bracket, and diametrically opposite vertical cutouts are made on the side surface of the bracket from the front and rear edges of the bracket, while the glass is mounted the ability to move the o-ring.

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