RU2256850C1 - Device for burning fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: continuous combustion chambers.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises combustion chamber provided with flue tube, passage for supplying main air, swirler, device for supplying main fuel, spherical head of the combustion chamber whose radius is equal to the radius of the flue tube, diverging deflector and cone, and converging deflector which abuts against the spherical head and mounted inside the flue tube .

EFFECT: enhanced reliability and reduced cost.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fuel combustion and may find application in jet engines, in gas turbine, furnace and heat power plants, in plants for the processing and disposal of domestic and industrial waste.

A device for burning fuel made in the form of a vortex combustion chamber containing a flame tube located in one section perpendicular to the central axis of the combustion chamber, a swirler, an exit channel of combustion products, fuel nozzles, an additional primary combustion chamber located in a section perpendicular to the central axis the flame tube of the main combustion chamber behind the swirl of the main combustion chamber (See patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2196940, IPC F 23 R 3/00, publ. 01.20.2003).

Significant disadvantages of the known device are:

• low reliability due to:

- overheating of the swirl of the main combustion chamber emerging hot products from the primary combustion chamber;

- flame failure in the main chamber when the primary combustion chamber is turned off;

- the occurrence of pulsation of the combustion process in the main combustion chamber due to mutual mixing of the peripheral and axial vortices located in countercurrent;

• a complex structure due to the presence of the primary combustion chamber, in which the process of obtaining combustion products takes place, and the main combustion chamber, in which the process of burning the combustion products obtained in the primary chamber takes place, which requires a complex control system for these processes.

Closest to the claimed is a device for burning fuel, including a combustion chamber containing a flame tube, a secondary air supply device and located in one section perpendicular to the central axis of the combustion chamber, the swirl and the exhaust channel of the combustion products, further includes a primary combustion chamber installed in front of main coaxially with the latter, the combustion tubes of the combustion chambers are connected, an ignition device made in the form of a pre-chamber containing a fuel nozzle, electric the spark plug and nozzle, and the fuel supply device and the swirl of the primary combustion chamber are located at its front end in a section perpendicular to the central axis of the chamber (see patent of the Russian Federation No. 2212004, IPC F 23 R 3/00, publ. 01.20.2003, )

Significant disadvantages of the known device for burning fuel are:

• low reliability due to:

- the presence of a high-temperature flow of combustion products coming out of the prechamber, which enters the primary combustion chamber through a swirl whose blades experience a concentration of heat, as a result of which they overheat, which leads to its destruction and failure of the entire device;

- burning in the primary combustion chamber of the air-fuel mixture with the main fuel, which is ignited by a high-temperature flow of combustion products exiting the prechamber, while the walls of the flame tube of the primary chamber are not cooled, and afterburning and dilution of the combustion products of the primary chamber are carried out in the axial vortex of the main combustion chamber, which leads to burnout of the flame tube and device failure;

- mixing the flows of the peripheral and axial vortices, which leads to the transfer of thermal energy from the axial vortex to the peripheral vortex, to overheating of the flame tube and its burnout;

- the occurrence of pulsation of the combustion process in the main combustion chamber due to its toroidal surface and serial connection with the primary combustion chamber;

• the complexity and the great complexity of the manufacture of individual parts and assemblies, due to the presence of surfaces that are performed according to complex profiling laws, which require special technological equipment and high labor costs to manufacture,

• a complex structure due to the presence of an additional primary combustion chamber mounted in front of the main one coaxially with the latter, the flame tubes of which are connected, an ignition device made in the form of a prechamber, and a fuel supply device and a swirl of the primary combustion chamber are located at its front end in a section perpendicular to the central axis cameras.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the reliability, manufacturability of the structure, reducing costs and simplifying the design.

The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that in the device for burning fuel, including a combustion chamber containing a flame tube, a main air supply channel, a swirler, a main fuel supply device, the head of the combustion chamber is made spherical with a radius equal to the radius of the flame tube, while the device additionally contains a scattering deflector and a scattering cone installed coaxially at the air outlet from the swirl and a compressing deflector adjacent to the spherical head and located inside flat pipe.

The claimed invention has differences from the prototype in essential features:

• the head of the combustion chamber is made spherical, with a radius equal to the radius of the flame tube;

• additionally contains a deflector and a diffuser cone;

• the deflector and the scattering cone are mounted coaxially at the air outlet from the swirl;

• contains a compressing deflector;

• compressive deflector adjacent to the spherical head and located inside the flame tube.

Therefore, the proposed invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

The implementation of the head of the combustion chamber spherical with a radius equal to the radius of the flame tube will allow the main air leaving the swirl to constantly wash the inner surface of the flame tube and spherical head, cooling them, and not contribute to the occurrence of thermal energy concentration and overheating of individual parts and assemblies, thereby ensuring reliable the operation of the entire device, and also performs the function of the formation of an axial vortex flow, which, mixing, with the starting or main fuel, and forms a fuel rail mixture of hydrochloric and requires no special process for the manufacture of equipment while simplifying the structure and reducing the complexity of manufacturing.

The introduction into the device of a deflector and a scattering cone installed coaxially at the air outlet from the swirl and a compressing deflector adjacent to the spherical head and located inside the flame tube will allow to separate the peripheral and paraxial vortex flows and create a separation zone that will reduce heat transfer from the axial vortex flow to the peripheral, which will reduce the heat load on the flame tube, eliminate ripple and provide increased reliability of the entire device.

In the proposed technical solution, all the distinguishing features are interconnected and, in combination with other features, provide a new technical result: to increase the reliability and manufacturability of the design, reduce the complexity of manufacturing and simplify the design.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the device in section; figure 2 is a section aa; figure 3 is a section bB; figure 4 - section bb.

A device for burning fuel includes a combustion chamber containing a flame tube 1, a main air supply channel 2, a swirler 3, a main fuel supply device 4 to which a combustion chamber head 5 adjoins, the inner surface 6 of which is made spherical with a radius equal to the radius of the flame tube 1 , inside of which racks 7 have a compressing deflector 8 adjacent to the spherical head 5, and a deflector 9 and a diffuser cone 10 that form an annular channel 11 are installed on the opposite side of the flame tube 1 the main air supply from the swirl 3 to the flame tube 1. The diffuser 9 is located in the swirl housing 3, forming an annular channel 13 with the inner surface of the flame tube. The spherical head 5 is equipped with a nozzle 14 and spark plugs 15. The flame tube 1 is located in the housing 16, forming with it the channel 2 for supplying the main air.

A device for burning fuel works as follows. The main air is supplied to the device from the compressor (not shown in the drawing) through a fitting 17 located tangentially to the surface of the flame tube 1 and creates a strongly swirling air flow in channel 2, which reaches the cover 18, being reflected from it, enters the channel 13 and then through the swirl 3 receives an additional twist, reflected from the outer surface of the scattering deflector 9 and using the expanding cone 10, a peripheral vortex flow is formed, which is finally formed in the compressing deflector 8, passing it from the outside and entering the spherical head 5, it excites in the paraxial zone of the combustion chamber, which is in countercurrent to it, a strongly swirling air flow rotating in the same direction — the paraxial vortex, into which starting fuel is fed by means of nozzle 14 and the resulting air-fuel mixture is ignited using spark plugs 15 and burn in the resulting axial vortex flow. Further, the combustion products pass through the compression deflector 8 already from the inside, are gradually compressed and pass inside the scattering deflector 9. The combustion products of the combustion chamber are burnt out in the afterburning zone 19 after the deflector of the scattering products in the exhaust gas outlet channel 20.

To implement the operating mode on the main fuel, secondary air is additionally directed to the secondary air swirl 21, creating a strongly swirling active stream, which forms a flow structure with a high radial gradient of static pressure in the plane of its formation at the ejector 22 cylindrical sleeve, and the main gas is used as a passive stream the fuel entering the central part of the generated active flow due to the formation of a high radial gradient of static pressure okogo axial static pressure gradient.

The application of the invention will improve the reliability, technological design, reduce costs and simplify the design.

Claims (1)

A device for burning fuel, including a combustion chamber containing a flame tube, a main air supply channel, a swirler, a main fuel supply device, characterized in that the head of the combustion chamber is made of a spherical radius equal to the radius of the flame tube, the device further comprising a diffuser and a cone diffusing, mounted coaxially at the air outlet from the swirl, and a compressing deflector adjacent to the spherical head and located inside the flame tube.

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