RU2256567C1 - Off-road air-cushion vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hovercraft.

SUBSTANCE: proposed air-cushion vehicle has hull, air-cushion guard located along perimeter of hull, power plant containing at least one engine connected by transmission with at least one air propulsor to create thrust and at least two blowers to built air cushion and contact propulsor with retraction and extension mechanism connected with hull. Air duct of guard arranged along perimeter of hull is divided into minimum two isolated spaces, each being connected with corresponding blower and pneumatically coupled with flattened conical members made of flexible material and contacting along flat side surfaces. Each conical member is provided with two perforated diaphragms arranged in its space. Said diaphragms close higher than lower edges of conical member. One of diaphragms extends from lower outer and the other, from lower edges of conical member. Ratio of area of through holes in diaphragm secured over line of connection of guard with bottom of hull and over line of connection of guard with conical members to area of through holes in diaphragm is within 0.8 to 1.0.

EFFECT: improved operating characteristics of vehicle negotiating sections of ground with high slopes and irregularities of support surface.

10 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to air-cushion devices equipped with a wheeled or caterpillar propulsion device for increasing patency.

The prior art air cushion devices (hereinafter - WUA) and flexible fences for them. So, in Russian patent No. 2041094, IPC B 60 V 1/14, publication date 09/08/1995, adopted as the closest analogue, a WUA is presented, comprising a housing, an air cushion guard located along the perimeter of the housing, a power plant including at least at least one engine connected via transmission to at least one air propulsion device to create traction and at least two superchargers to create an air cushion, a contact propulsion device connected to the housing. The disadvantage of this WUA is the need for additional measures to ensure the stability of the WUA during movement and hitting obstacles.

The problem solved by the invention is the expansion of the field of operation and basing. The technical result of the invention is to achieve longitudinal and lateral stability, controllability and maneuverability while increasing patency in areas with large slopes and irregularities, as well as narrow possible corridors of movement.

The invention is characterized by the following set of essential features.

The WUA, as in the closest analogue, contains a housing, an air cushion guard located along the perimeter of the housing, a power plant including at least one engine connected via a transmission to at least one air propulsion device to create traction and, with at least two superchargers for creating an air cushion, a contact mover connected to the casing, but unlike the closest analogue, the air cushion fencing duct located along the perimeter of the casing is divided by m at least two separate from each other cavities, each of which is connected to the corresponding supercharger and pneumatically connected to cone elements made of flexible material, adjacent side surfaces adjoining each other, each cone element is equipped with two perforated diaphragms located inside its cavity with each other above the lower edges of the conical element, one of these diaphragms extends from the lower outer and the other from the lower inner edges of the conical element the one wherein the ratio of the area of the passage openings in the membrane to the area of the passages in the diaphragm in the range of 0.8 to 1.0, wherein the pin is equipped with a propulsion mechanism for lifting it and release.

WUA is characterized in that the contact mover is made in the form of a caterpillar and / or wheel mover and is equipped with an individual power drive.

WUA is characterized by the fact that the contact mover is made in the form of a caterpillar and / or wheel mover and is connected by a transmission to one of the engines driving air propellers and superchargers.

WUA is characterized in that the contact mover is located in the central part of the housing.

WUA is characterized by the fact that the rollers of the balancing carriage of the caterpillar mover or wheels are mounted on the balancer, the balancer is connected to the lifting-release mechanism of the caterpillar and / or wheel mover.

WUA is characterized by the fact that the duct located along the perimeter of the housing is divided into two cavities by a membrane located in the diametrical plane.

WUA is characterized by the fact that the air propulsion is made in the form of a screw in the ring.

WUA is characterized by the fact that horizontal and vertical rudders are located in the jet of the air propulsion device, the air propulsion device is made in the form of a screw in the ring.

WUA is characterized in that the blowers are made in the form of axial fans, the inlet of which is directed towards the nose of the apparatus.

WUA is characterized by the fact that the transmission of torque transmission to the shafts of each of the air propellers and the supercharger is made in the form of a belt drive.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents the WUA in plan view.

Figure 2 shows the WUA in the context of 1-1 in figure 1.

Figure 3 shows the WUA in section 2-2 in figure 1.

Figure 4 shows the WUA when viewed from the rear.

Figure 5 shows the node And figure 2.

Figure 6 shows a view of B in figure 5.

Figure 7 shows a view In figure 5.

On Fig shows a view of D and D in Fig.5.

Fig.9 shows a view of E in Fig.5.

Figure 10 shows a view of G in figure 5.

Figure 11 shows the node 3 in figure 2.

On Fig shows photographs of the passage of the conical elements of a flexible fence obstacles when moving along and across the obstacle.

Disclosure of the invention.

The air cushion apparatus (WUA) comprises, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a housing 1, a power unit comprising at least one engine 2 and a transmission providing kinematic coupling of the output shaft 3 of the engine 2, according to with at least one air propulsion device for creating WUA traction and at least two superchargers for creating an air cushion. The transmission contains gears, made, for example, in the form of belt drives 4 and 5 between the output shaft 3 of the engine 2 and, respectively, the axes of the air propellers and the axes of the superchargers. An air propulsion device for creating thrust can be performed in the form of a propeller 6, including in a ring 7 (with the formation of a screw-ring propeller - VKD), a fan, etc. Blowers can be made in the form of centrifugal and axial fans. In the preferred embodiment of the WUA, there are two air propulsors made in the form of the VCA, the blowers are made in the form of two axial fans 8 with inlet pipes 9 facing the nose of the WUA, for example, when the axis of rotation of the fans 8 is in a plane parallel to the axis of symmetry of the WUA.

Screws 6 are made with variable pitch blades (VISH), horizontal 10 and vertical 11 aerodynamic rudders are installed behind the VKD rings 7 for balancing the WUA by pitch (trim) and course control. Around the perimeter of the body 1 of the WUA, an air cushion guard is attached, made in the form of air ducts 12 and easily removable conical elements 13 connected to them. The conical elements 13 are made flattened and in contact with each other by flat side surfaces (Fig. 11). In this case, the enclosure formed by the air ducts 12 is divided by membranes 14 into at least two cavities 15 isolated from each other, each of which is connected to a corresponding supercharger, for example, an axial fan 8.

Air ducts can be made in the form of a rigid duct (not shown in Fig.) Or with an external wall of flexible material fixed in the upper part around the perimeter of the housing 1, and in the lower part with conical elements 13 by means of a detachable connection made, for example, in the form lacing (in Fig. not indicated). When performing the outer wall of the duct 12 from a flexible material, the duct 12 is equipped with membranes 16 and 17 with perforations 18 and 19, respectively (FIGS. 5, 6, 7). The membranes 16 are fixed along the contour of the connection of the fence with the side 20 of the housing 1 and along the contour of the connection of the fence with the conical elements 13. The membranes 17 are fixed along the contour of the connection of the fence with the bottom 21 of the housing 1 and along the contour of the connection of the fence with the conical elements 13.

The flexible enclosure of the WUA (FIGS. 5 ... 10) contains conical elements 13, each of which has a horizontal sectional area on the side of the housing 1 larger than the horizontal sectional area on the side of the supporting surface, and is equipped with two diaphragms 22 with perforation 23 and the lower base 24 in the upper and lower parts of the diaphragms 22 (Fig. 8), and the area of perforation 23 in the upper part exceeds the area of perforation 24 by 8 ... 12 times. The diaphragms 22 are made adjacent to each other at an angle of 100 ... 120 ° (Fig. 5) above the lower edges of the conical element 13. One of these diaphragms 22 extends at an angle of 90 ... 95 ° from the lower outer edge of the conical element 13 to the outer surface and connected to the outer side of the corresponding conical element 13, and the other diaphragm 22 extends at an angle of 82 ... 86 ° from the lower inner edge of the conical element 13 to its inner surface and is also connected to the inner side of the conical element 13. diaphragm junction 22 a flexible apron 25 is attached (FIGS. 5, 9), the length of the apron practically coincides with the height of the triangle formed by the diaphragms 22 and the lower lateral edges of the conical element 13 (FIG. 5). Perforated diaphragms 22 divide the cavity of the cone element 13 into upper and lower parts, the pressure inside which during movement in the design modes due to the perforated diaphragm 22 is different. To maintain sufficient flexibility of the cone element 13 and maintain its shape when passing obstacles and maintain shape under the influence of high-speed pressure even when the pressure in the air cushion drops to zero, which is possible when the WUA fluctuates in height and pitch during movement along an uneven surface, the ratio of perforation area 19 in the membrane 17 to the perforation area 23 and 24 in the diaphragms 22 should be 0.8 ... 1.0.

To increase cross-country ability in areas with a large slope, as well as to overcome obstacles in the form of a road embankment, etc. The WUA is equipped with a contact mover 26 in contact with a surface, such as a wheeled or caterpillar mover located in the area of the center of mass of the WUA (Figs. 1, 2, 3) or on the outside of the air cushion guard (not shown in Fig.). A mover 26, for example a wheel or track, is mounted on a balancing trolley 27, which is arranged to be tidied into a niche 28 in the housing 1 by a mechanism, for example by means of an electric drive 29 connected to the balancing trolley 27 by means of a balancer 30. At the same time, the balancer 30 is pivotally connected to the housing 1 and with the balancing trolley 27, a drive sprocket (not indicated in the figure) of the caterpillar mover is mounted on the hinge of the balancer 30 to the housing 1. The balancer 30 is also pivotally connected to the power drive 29. The balancer 30 can be equipped with scrapers touching the rollers 31 of the caterpillar mover (Fig. 11) to clean them of adhering dirt.

The drive of the contact mover 26 can be in the form of an individual power drive, for example a motor wheel 32, or kinematically connected to the motor 2 by means of a transmission and a gearbox (not shown in Fig.).

WUA cross-country operate as follows.

The torque from the shaft 3 of the engine 2 by means of a transmission made, for example, with gearboxes with belt drives 4 and 5, is transmitted to the air propellers and blowers, for example, on the axis of the propellers 6 and the axis of the axial fans 8. By the fans 8, air is pumped into the cavity 15 Duct 12 fencing. From the cavity 15 of the ducts 12 fencing air through the perforation (holes) 19 in the membranes 17 and the perforation (holes) 23 and 24 in the diaphragms 22 goes into the cavity under the bottom 21 (figure 10) of the housing 1, creating a uniformly distributed pressure under the bottom 21 of the WUA. When you touch the surface or collision with an obstacle in the duct 12 of the fence, separated by membranes 14 on the cavity 15 and connected to the conical elements 13, on the banked side, as a result of a decrease in the gap between the elements of the fence and the supporting surface, the pressure increases, and the pressure at the opposite side due to the increase this clearance is reduced. The membranes 14 prevent air from flowing from one cavity 15 to another and, therefore, do not allow pressure equalization in the cavities 15. In this case, a restoring torque occurs, which provides lateral stability. With increasing pitch angle inside the feed cone elements 13 and in their cavities under the diaphragms 22 touching the supporting surface, the pressure increases up to the pressure level in the duct 12, and the pressure in the nose cone elements 13 decreases due to the increase in the gap between the conical elements 13 and the supporting surface. This ensures longitudinal static stability. When the outer wall of the duct 12 is made of flexible material fixed along the perimeter of the housing 1 on the side walls 20 and connected to the conical elements 13 by means of a quick-detachable connection, for example, lacing (not indicated in FIG.), The presence of a perforated diaphragm 16 connecting the fastening points of the external flexible wall duct 12 with the housing 1 and the conical elements 13, provides the creation of a given form of flexible fencing and prevents the development of self-oscillations of the WUA and vibration of the flexible fencing.

The thrust for the movement of the WUA is created by at least one air propulsion device, for example a propeller 6. Using screws 6 with variable pitch when installing two screws 6 on the WUA allows you to create a control moment of yaw forces. The horizontal 10 and vertical 11 aerodynamic rudders installed behind the screws 6 in the rings 7 provide, when they deviate, the creation of a control moment for balancing the WUA when the position of the center of pressure relative to the center of mass of the WUA changes and the WUA is controlled in direction. When the ratio of the perforation area 23 and 24 in the diaphragms 22 and 19 to the perforation area 19 in the membrane 17 is 0.8 ... 1.0, the pressure drop in the cavities 15 of the duct 12 and in the cone elements 13 in the design modes of movement of the WUA is from 1, 1 to 1.2, which is sufficient to provide the required lateral and longitudinal stability.

A flexible fence made in the form of conical elements 13 connected to the cavities 15 of the cylinders 12, when it is supplied with air passing through the perforation 19 of the membrane 17, is filled with air. The air leaving through the openings 23 and 24 flows out through the gap between the lower external edges of the conical elements 13 and the supporting surface, creating excessive pressure under the conical elements 13 and in the air bag cavity under the bottom 21 of the housing 1, when the WUA is tilted, the air from the openings 23, 24 partially gets through the gap under the lower inner edge of the cone element 13 and the supporting surface into the cavity of the air cushion. When moving in the event of a collision with an obstacle (Fig. 11), the flexible apron 25 covers the holes 23 and 24, thereby protecting them from damage. When the conical element is deformed, the openings 23 and 24 of one of the diaphragms 22 overlap with a flexible apron 25.

The presence of holes 24 in the lower part of the diaphragm 22 provides a drain of water, as well as a mechanical suspension, captured by fans 8 during start and movement. The implementation of the conical elements 13 easily removable provides the convenience of quick replacement of damaged elements, as well as when cleaning from dirt and debris when they appear between the side walls of the conical elements 13 and the diaphragms 22.

To pass sections with large slopes of at least 15 ° and irregularities characteristic of unpaved roads, a balancer 30 is actuated by an energy drive 29, which ensures the release of a contact mover 26 from a niche 28. Wheels or track rollers 31 mounted on a balancing trolley 27 the bypass of the contact mover 26 is driven by a motor wheel 32 or a driving roller (not indicated in FIG.) with an electric drive, in particular kinematically connected to the motor 2 (not shown in FIG.). In this case, the power transmitted to mover 26 can be small in comparison with the power of engine 2, providing the WUA with a low speed of movement in complex areas. Scrapers mounted on the balance beam 30, touching the surface of the rollers 31 or the wheels, clean the adhering soil from them, reducing the energy consumption for their rotation.

The presented description is sufficient to implement the invention at specialized enterprises.

LIST OF POSITIONS FOR THE DRAWINGS OF THE INVENTION “MACHINE ON THE AIR PILLOW OF THE INCREASED PERFORMANCE”

1 - housing;

2 - engine;

3 - the output shaft of the engine 2;

4 - belt transmission between the output shaft of the engine 2 and air propulsion;

5 - belt drive between the output shaft of the engine 2 and the superchargers;

6 - propeller

7 - propeller ring (VKD);

8 - axial fan;

9 - inlet pipe of the axial fan 8, facing the nose of the WUA;

10 - horizontal aerodynamic rudders;

11 - vertical aerodynamic rudders;

12 - duct located along the perimeter of the housing 1;

13 - conical elements of the fence;

14 - membranes dividing the balloon enclosure;

15 - cavity of the balloon fencing;

16 - perforated membrane, fixed at the junction of the outer wall of flexible material of the duct 12 with the housing 1;

17 - perforated membrane, fixed at the junction of the duct 12 with the conical elements 13;

18 - perforation in the membrane 16;

19 - perforation in the membrane 17;

20 - side of the body 1 of the WUA;

21 - the bottom of the body 1 of the WUA;

22 - diaphragm inside the conical element 13;

23 - perforation in the upper part of the diaphragm 22;

24 - perforation in the lower part of the diaphragm 22;

25 - a flexible apron;

26 - contact mover in contact with the surface;

27 - balancing trolley;

28 - a niche in the housing 1 for cleaning the mover 26;

29 - power drive mechanism for cleaning the mover 26

30 - balancer contact mover 26;

31 - rollers of the caterpillar mover;

32 - the motor-wheel of the contact mover 26.

Claims (10)

1. The device is an air cushion, comprising a housing, an air cushion guard located along the perimeter of the housing, a power plant comprising at least one engine connected via a transmission to at least one air propulsion device to create traction and at least with two superchargers for creating an air cushion, a contact mover connected to the casing, equipped with a mechanism for raising and discharging it, characterized in that the air duct of the air fencing located along the perimeter of the casing the douche is divided into at least two cavities isolated from each other, each of which is connected to a corresponding supercharger and pneumatically connected to conical elements made of flexible material flattened and touching each other on flat lateral surfaces, each conical element being equipped with two perforated diaphragms located inside their cavity that are interconnected above the lower edges of the conical element, one of these diaphragms extends from the lower outer, and ugly - from the lower inner edges of the cone element, and the ratio of the area of the passage openings in the membrane fixed along the contour of the fence to the bottom of the enclosure and the circuit of the connection of the guard to the conical elements to the area of the passage holes in the diaphragm is in the range of 0.8-1.0 . 2. The hovercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact mover is made tracked and / or wheeled and equipped with an individual power drive. 3. The hovercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact mover is caterpillar and / or wheeled and is connected by a transmission to one of the engines driving the air propellers and superchargers. 4. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the contact motor is located in the Central part of the housing. 5. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding paragraphs.2 and 3, characterized in that the rollers of the balancing car of the caterpillar mover or wheel are mounted on the balancer, which is connected to the lifting and exhaust mechanism of the caterpillar and / or wheel mover. 6. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the duct located along the perimeter of the housing is divided into two cavities by a membrane located in the diametrical plane. 7. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the air propulsion device is made in the form of a screw in the ring. 8. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that horizontal and vertical rudders are located in the stream of the air propulsion device. 9. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the superchargers are made in the form of axial fans, the inlet of which is directed towards the nose of the apparatus. 10. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the transmission of torque transmission to the shafts of each of the air propellers and the supercharger is made in the form of a belt drive.

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