RU2256551C1 - Composition and method for treating nonmetallic surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical treatment of materials.

SUBSTANCE: composition for removing black deposits resulting from oxidation and fungi colonies contains liquid chlorine (65-75 g/L active Cl), saturated monoatomic alcohol with 2 or 3 carbon atoms (300-250 g/L), and water to 1 L.

EFFECT: achieved restoration of initial color of surface without degradation surface structure.

12 cl, 1 dwg, 4 ex

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to means for treating non-metallic surfaces such as wood, stone surfaces, concrete surfaces, building brick surfaces and plastered surfaces. In particular, the invention relates to compositions used for cleaning non-metallic surfaces from black plaque resulting from oxidation and fungal formations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Under the influence of moisture and other environmental factors, the surfaces of building structures made of non-metallic materials such as wood, stone, concrete, brick, as well as plastered surfaces darken over time, change their color to black and gray. The causes of the darkening of the color of such surfaces is the formation of mold, fungal formations, and wooden surfaces, in addition, are subject to the process of oxidation (decay). At the same time, building structures made of non-metallic materials (with the exception of building stone) undergo biological destruction, and their surfaces lose their attractive appearance. A particularly serious problem with such destruction is in regions with high humidity.

To ensure durability, structures must be protected from rot and biological destruction by mold and fungal formations. In particular, antiseptic protection of the wooden surfaces most susceptible to such destruction is carried out either in specialized workshops of woodworking enterprises, or directly at the construction site. Industrial antiseptics provide a more lasting effect, since it can be carried out under pressure in a strict technological mode, however, the cost of such processing significantly affects the cost of building material. In addition, such processing is not applicable to existing building structures. At the construction site, only smearing or impregnation of products can be carried out. As antiseptics for wooden surfaces, coal creosote oil, solutions of pentachlorophenol in liquid hydrocarbons, aqueous solutions of zinc fluorides and chlorides, arsenites, arsenates, etc. are used. (see, for example, http: // www. krugosvet.ru/articles/11 / 1001199 / 1001199a10. htm # 1001199-L-155). However, the processing of these substances cannot ensure the cleaning of surfaces from darkening, which has already formed on them as a result of exposure to adverse environmental factors.

In construction practice, in the case of blackening of a tree, for example, to clean the surfaces of garden houses, wooden fences, household buildings, wooden baths, etc. from darkening, the method of mechanical cleaning is often used by grinding the darkened oxidized layer with abrasive mechanical devices.

This method is very time-consuming and requires a lot of time, moreover, after such a “peeling”, the treated wood layer usually blackens again after a short period of time, since the surface treated with an abrasive retains moisture even more than the untreated one. In addition, as a result of such processing, the thickness of the board is reduced, and therefore, its strength and heat storage ability. Therefore, repeated cleaning of surfaces by mechanical means leads to the need to rebuild the wooden structure (remove repeatedly processed boards, replace them with new ones), which requires significant costs and time.

To protect the wood from blackening, resulting from its defeat by the fungus, compositions containing various fungicides are used, for example, such compositions and substances described in patents EP 0035096 (publication date 09.09.1981), EP 0066769 (publication date 12.15.1982), in application EP 0532285 (publication date 03/17/1993). Such compositions and substances are quite expensive, which limits their mass application.

There is a known method of treating wood with sorbic acid or its salts for the same purpose (Application RU No. 2001102323, publication date 04/20/2003). To protect the wood from biodegradation, it was also proposed to impregnate the wood with organic liquids, which are chemical by-products, such as bottoms from the production of oily aldehydes or butyl alcohols (Patent RU No. 2031777, publication date 03/27/1995). The specified bottom residue contains predominantly heavy fractions of organic compounds, sparingly soluble or insoluble in water. These methods, as well as the treatment of wood with the fungicides indicated above, protect the surface from subsequent formation of fungal deposits after such treatment, however, it does not allow to restore the appearance and color of wood that has already been darkened as a result of its formation.

It is known that chlorine and some of its compounds (in particular, hypochlorous acid HClO and its salts - hypochlorites) are able to discolor organic compounds, destroy fungal formations, and destroy various microorganisms. Therefore, compositions containing chlorine, in particular sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), were used to eliminate the browning and fungal damage to the wood. The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention, the technical solution is a means for protecting wood from biodegradation and mold removal, described in the patent application of the Russian Federation No. 99103315. The specified tool contains a chlorine-containing compound, namely sodium hypochlorite, in an amount of 50-85 g / DM ³ (in terms of active chlorine) and water, and may also contain a surfactant. Sodium hypochlorite is a very unstable substance (in particular, the content of active chlorine in sodium hypochlorite solutions produced by industry can decrease by 30% in 10 days). This makes it difficult to calculate the amount of solution needed to prepare the composition, as well as the calculation of the amount of composition required for surface treatment, and limits the possibility of using this composition.

Solutions of molecular chlorine in water (liquid chlorine) are not widely used for treating non-metallic surfaces of building structures mainly because of their unpleasant odor, which persists for a long time, as well as the high aggressiveness of their effects. So, due to the high reactivity of chlorine, in particular its ability to react with hydrated lime, molecular chlorine solutions have not been used to clean surfaces of lime-containing materials, such as plaster and masonry mortars, since such surfaces could be destroyed due to exposure to chlorine.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method and composition for processing non-metallic surfaces, which would effectively clean the surface from darkening caused by oxidation (decay) and the formation of fungal deposits, to restore the original color of the surface, without damaging its structure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To solve this problem, the inventors have proposed a composition for treating non-metallic surfaces and cleaning them from darkening caused by oxidation and / or the formation of fungal deposits, containing an aqueous solution of chlorine in combination with a low molecular weight monohydric alcohol. Ethanol, propyl or isopropyl alcohol, which are readily soluble in water, are preferably used as the alcohol. Methyl alcohol can also be used in the composition, however, its mass use is limited due to its high toxicity and volatility. The use in such a composition of alcohols with the number of carbon atoms of 4 or more (in particular, butyl alcohol) does not provide the desired result due to the low solubility or insolubility of these alcohols in water.

Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a composition comprising liquid chlorine, water and a saturated monohydroxy alcohol with a carbon number of 2 or 3, such as ethyl, propyl or isopropyl alcohol.

The introduction of alcohol into the composition of the composition unexpectedly reduces the aggressiveness of the effects of chlorine on the surface, which makes it possible to use the composition according to the invention for various types of non-metallic surfaces, such as wood, stone, concrete surfaces and plastered surfaces, as well as building brick surfaces.

Chlorine and alcohol should be contained in the composition in amounts effective to achieve the technical result of the invention - cleaning the surface from darkening.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition contains components in the following ratio, g / l:

Liquid chlorine, Cl ₂ (in terms of active chlorine) 65-75,

Ultimate monohydric alcohol 200-250,

Water up to 1 liter.

In the present description and claims, the term “liquid chlorine” means a substance of the chemical formula Cl ₂ with a molecular weight of 70.90. In accordance with the present invention, it is most preferable to use liquid chlorine produced by chemical enterprises in accordance with GOST 6718-93 and having the following composition:

Top grade First grade Volume fraction of chlorine,%, not less than 99.8 99.6 Mass fraction of water,%, no more 0.01 0.04 Mass fraction of nitrogen trichloride,%, no more 0.002 0.004 Mass fraction of non-volatile residue,%, no more 0.015 0.1

Given that commercially available chlorine concentrates usually contain alkaline components, the proposed composition may also contain these components in an amount of 3-10 g / l (in terms of NaOH).

To ensure greater stability of the solution in the preparation of the composition, it is preferable to use distilled water, since it does not contain impurities that can adversely affect the stability of the composition.

The composition may also contain industrial flavoring. for example, such as perfumes "Bellalux 592 XCE", "Lemorissimo 644" or "Rolex 209" manufactured by RCC Northern Lights LLC. The amount of flavoring sufficient to give the composition a pleasant odor is about 5-10 g / l.

Another object of the claimed invention is a method for processing non-metallic surfaces, comprising applying to the non-metallic surface the composition described above.

In some cases, especially for cleaning old hardwood boards, effective cleaning may require re-applying the composition to the surface to be treated. Re-treatment of the surface is preferably carried out 30-40 minutes after the initial one.

The amount of composition used to process a surface unit generally depends on both the type of surface being treated and the degree of darkening. Preferably, the consumption of the composition is 1 liter per 3-7 m ² , most preferably 1 liter per 5 m ^{2 of the} treated surface.

It is clear that to ensure effective contact of the processing solution with the surface, in particular with a wooden surface, it is necessary that the surface to be treated is not coated with paint or varnish. If there is a need to clean a surface that has been previously painted or varnished, before the surface is treated with the composition proposed, the layer of varnish or paint must be removed.

After surface treatment of the proposed composition and its drying, to prevent re-oxidation of wood, it is preferable to treat the surface thus cleaned with linseed oil.

The technical result of the proposed invention (both composition and method) is the effective cleaning of non-metallic surfaces from darkening caused by oxidation and the formation of fungal formations, restoring the original color of the surface without destroying its structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS

The drawing shows a photograph of wooden surfaces subjected to various types of processing, as well as (for comparison) the raw surface.

The numbers in the drawing indicate:

1 - untreated surface;

2 - surface subjected to mechanical cleaning;

3- surface treated with the composition according to example 1;

4 - surface treated with the composition according to the invention.

INTELLIGENCE. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Further, the invention is illustrated by examples, confirming the possibility of its implementation, but not limiting its scope.

During the experiments, three types of non-metallic surfaces were used, in particular wood, the most susceptible to blackening as a result of moisture, hereinafter referred to as: “B” - birch, “C” - pine, “E” - spruce.

Experimental samples were taken at the home construction site. The temporary fence consisted of various species of boards and was erected from well-dried boards. The experiments were carried out a year after the installation of the fence. During the autumn-winter period, 40% of the boards turned black, some boards in contact with the soil rotted. For experiments, 10 mm thick boards with clear blackening were used. The experiments were carried out on the street, at an ambient temperature of 17 to 24 ° C and an air humidity of 57-68%.

Example 1

Pure concentrated liquid chlorine experiment

Boards from the corresponding wood species (B, C and E) were treated with a solution of liquid chlorine (GOST 6718-93) with a mass concentration of active chlorine of 85 g / l.

“B” - after 20 seconds after applying the solution, the board turned white, the structure of the tree appeared.

“C” - after 15 seconds after applying the solution, the board turned white, the structure of the tree appeared.

"E" - after 14 seconds after applying the solution, the board turned white, the structure of the tree appeared.

On all three samples, the processing date was noted; the samples were left on the street in limbo. A month later, the processed boards were again examined, as a result of which the following was revealed;

Chlorine corroded the treated surface of the boards "C" and "E" to a depth of about 0.1 mm, the treated surface became loose. At the locations of the knots with the naked eye, clusters of crystallized chlorine were visible.

The birch plank was the least affected, the plank structure remained practically unchanged, however, chlorine accumulation was also observed in the end sections of the plank. All three samples had a characteristic smell of chlorine.

Based on the described observations, it was concluded that it is unsuitable to use a concentrated solution of liquid chlorine in pure form for wood purification.

Example 2

An experiment using a dilute solution of liquid chlorine

The next experiment was carried out using a dilute solution of liquid chlorine (GOST 6718-93), distilled water was used as an additive, as a result of mixing, a solution was obtained with a mass concentration of active chlorine of 55 g / l.

“B” - after 75 seconds after applying the solution, the individual sections of the board turned white, the most contaminated areas only brightened (acquired a gray shade), the structure of the tree partially appeared, after which the process stopped, no further visual changes were observed.

“C” - after 46 seconds after applying the solution, the board brightened, acquiring a yellowish tint, the structure of the tree appeared, after which the process stopped, no further visual changes were observed.

“E” - after 49 seconds after applying the solution, the board brightened, acquiring a yellowish tint, the structure of the tree appeared, after which the process stopped, no further visual changes were observed.

All three samples had a less pronounced smell of chlorine compared with samples processed in accordance with example 1, however, this smell was present and was clearly distinguishable.

Example 3

An experiment using the composition of the invention

A solution of the following composition was used:

Liquid chlorine (Cl ₂ ) 75 g / l,

Isopropyl alcohol 250 g / l

Distilled water 675 g / l.

The solution is a clear yellowish liquid.

Three wood samples of various species — B, C, and E — were also treated with this solution.

"B" - 25 seconds after applying the solution according to the invention, the board acquired the color of a fresh board, the structure of the tree appeared. The smell of chlorine was practically absent.

"C" - after 17 seconds after applying the solution according to the invention, the board acquired the color of a fresh board, the structure of the tree appeared. The smell of chlorine was practically absent.

"E" - after 15 seconds after applying the solution according to the invention, the board acquired the color of a fresh board, the structure of the tree appeared. The smell of chlorine was practically absent.

Example 4

Comparison of experimental results

All samples processed in accordance with examples 1, 2 and 3 were placed on the street in limbo.

After two months from the date of processing, all samples were re-examined, resulting in the discovery of the following.

On the samples processed in accordance with example 1, it was seen that chlorine even more corroded the wood (to a depth of about 0.2 mm), the smell of chlorine became less, since the majority of the chlorine was washed out under the influence of rain. The boards of all three samples had a fresh color, there were no traces of oxidation (blackening), however, in the places of the end sections, the wood became looser, the strength of the boards decreased. The samples processed in accordance with Example 2 had an uneven color, from woody yellow to gray, the structure of the wood at the processing sites became loose to a depth of 0.1 mm, the presence of a white precipitate of chlorine was visible in the end sections, and a faint smell of chlorine was present.

The samples treated in accordance with Example 3 with the composition according to the present invention had a light fresh wood color, the treated surface remained dense, no chlorine precipitate was observed in the end sections. The smell of chlorine was absent.

All nine samples were again examined after a month (after three months from the date of processing).

The samples of the first experiment (example 1) retained the color of a fresh board, however, the structure of the tree was noticeably destroyed, the condition of the board did not allow its further use as a building material, there was a smell of chlorine.

The samples of the second experiment (example 2) had a darker and uneven color, the structure of the tree was stable with the previously recorded destruction of the treated surface to a depth of 0.1 mm,

Samples treated with the composition of the invention (Example 3) remained unchanged from the previous study. The processed surface did not collapse, the structure of the board was dense. The boards had a fresh wood color (light yellowish in "E" and "C" and light whitish in "B"). The smell of chlorine was practically absent.

Further experiments showed that the proposed composition is also effective in cleaning from blackening caused by fungal formations, other non-metallic surfaces, including stone, concrete, brick and plastered surfaces.

conclusions

As a result of the studies, the inventors concluded that the introduction of a low molecular weight monohydric alcohol into the composition for cleaning non-metallic surfaces reduces the aggressiveness of the effects of chlorine on non-metallic surfaces, while at the same time not reducing its effectiveness.

The composition according to the invention can be used as household chemicals for the treatment of non-metallic surfaces, in particular, oxidized, blackened boards, timber, logs, as well as other non-metallic surfaces, such as stone surfaces, concrete surfaces, building brick surfaces and plastered surfaces that are used in the open air with changing humidity and temperature, with the aim of cosmetic clarification of the surface, restoring its original color and structure. Among wooden surfaces, conifers are more susceptible to mortar, hardwoods require a slightly longer period of time and in some cases (in particular, when processing old boards), re-processing after 30-40 minutes.

Claims (12)

1. Composition for treating non-metallic surfaces and purifying them from darkening caused by oxidation and / or the formation of fungal deposits, comprising a chlorine-containing compound and water, characterized in that it contains liquid chlorine as a chlorine-containing compound and additionally contains a saturated monohydric alcohol with the number of carbon atoms 2 or 3, such as ethyl, propyl or isopropyl alcohol. 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-metallic surface is a wooden surface, a stone surface, a concrete surface, a building brick surface or a plastered surface. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains these components in the following ratio, g / l: Liquid chlorine (in terms of active chlorine) 65-75 Ultimate monohydric alcohol 200-250 Water Up to 1 L 4. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises alkaline components in an amount of 3-10 g / l in terms of NaOH. 5. The composition according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it further comprises an industrial flavor in an amount of 5-10 g / l. 6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water is distilled water. 7. A method of treating a non-metallic surface to clean it from darkening caused by oxidation and / or the formation of fungal plaque, comprising applying a composition to a non-metallic surface, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the flow rate of the composition is 1 liter per 3-7 m ² , preferably 1 liter per about 5 m ^{2 of the} treated surface. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that it includes repeated application of the specified composition to the treated surface. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the repeated application of the composition is carried out after 30-40 minutes after the initial application. 11. The method according to any one of paragraphs.9 and 10, characterized in that the consumption of the composition upon repeated application is 1 liter per 3-7 m ² , preferably 1 liter on about 5 m ^{2 of the} treated surface. 12. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the non-metallic surface is a wooden surface, and after surface treatment and drying, the surface is further treated with a drying oil.