RU2255219C2 - Device for detecting linear portions of well shaft and estimating value of bending loads, active in well shaft and affecting body of down- pump equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: body of guide block, lowered into well on lifting pipes, is made of a portion of thick-walled metallic pipe with diameter, equal to diameter of lowered down-pump equipment, and length, equal or less than actual length of down-pump equipment, with metallic tail piece and stopper mounted hermetically on its ends. Inside the body of guide block electronic measuring system and video objective or photo-electronic device are positioned, which device consists of narrowly directed light emitter mounted in edge portion of stopper along its axis, which light beam goes along central axis of guide block body, and also device has light receiver block mounted in tail piece on the other side, distance between which is more than 2 meters. Light receiver consist of independent light-sensitive elements, positioned in circle in form of concentric rings enclosed one in another with central ring having diameter no less than 1 millimeter. Width of light-sensitive rings is equal to 0.1-5 millimeters. Tail piece of guide block has physical sensors for measuring temperature, pressure and holding sleeve connections in casing column, connected to electronic measuring circuit. Electronic measuring circuit has galvanic power source, analog-digital converter, quartz resonator, energy-independent solid-bodied electronic memory device and interface for reading information in digital form in real timescale.

EFFECT: minimized effect or full prevention of bending loads, affecting down-pump equipment.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and gas, exploration industry and water supply systems, and is intended to measure the angle of deviation of the axis of the well from a straight path, detect areas and estimate the magnitude of bending loads acting on the body of deep pumping equipment (GNO), with additional registration of temperature and pressure during the descent and GNO operations in directional, conventionally vertical and horizontal wellbores.

Currently, up to 85% of oil production and 98% of water production is carried out using deep pumps launched into the well using elevator or other types of pipes. For example, oil is produced using sucker rod pumps (SHGN) or electric centrifugal pumps (ESP) [1].

The assembly length of pumping equipment lowered into the well by elevator pipes, together with the necessary equipment, can range from 4 m (SHGN pump) to 38 m (ESP pump), and the outer diameter of the pumping equipment housing ranges from 48.9 mm (ShGN) to 128.5 mm (ESP pump motor).

Pump assemblies of this length have a large mass and rigidity and practically cannot bend when moving in accordance with changing in space, in angle and azimuth, the position of the axis of the wellbore, in places where it deviates from the vertical or in the plane.

Oil and gas production in the fields of Western and Eastern Siberia, Northern regions of European Russia, Tataria, Bashkiria and Komi is mainly carried out by the cluster method using directional wells, where the change in the trajectory of the wellbore both vertically and in space (in azimuth) can vary with rates from 0.2 ° to 2 ° at 10 m in the process of penetrating the trunk [2, 3].

During the descent of the downhole pumping equipment (SHGN, ESP) into the well with elevator pipes and when it is installed and operated at a predetermined depth in a directional or gentle borehole, axial loads act on the lengthy pump body due to deviation of the borehole trajectory from the straight direction due to the mass (weight) of inclined-compressor pipes (tubing), which are steel pipes with a diameter of 62-104 mm and having a length depending on the depth of the well from 300 to 3000 m with a total weight of from 0.5 to 22 tons. It is their weight that determines the creation of lateral bending loads. Due to its design features, deep-pumping equipment for oil production has an extremely rigid body, which is practically not bent during descent and operation, and, working in conditions when bending loads are applied to its body, fails without having developed a resource [4, 5] .

If the oil well is installed in the section of the wellbore where the path of the axis of the wellbore deviates from the straight direction, then under the influence of the weight of the tubing on the body of the downhole pump, the shaft of the electric motor of the pump UEC or the moving rod of the SHNG significant bending loads act. This leads to an increase in the friction force in the bearings and turbine disks of the ESP pump or in the polished pair of the rod-cylinder of the ShNG pump during the movement of the rod, which entails jamming of the bearings and turbine blades in the centrifugal pump and the wear rate of the cylinder and rod in the ShGN pump. As a result, pumping equipment prematurely, without having developed a standard resource, fails, which leads to a halt in the process of operating the well, and consequently, to the loss of oil production and the additional cost of time and money for repairing the well.

The objective of the claimed invention is that in the process of template designing a well before launching the pumping equipment, after taking measurements, select such a section of the wellbore for setting the pumping equipment for continuous operation, where bending loads on it will be minimized or completely eliminated.

This goal is achieved in that the device for detecting straight sections in the wellbore and estimating the magnitude of bending loads acting on the downhole pumping equipment (GNO) during its descent and operation in directional, conditionally vertical and horizontal wells, is characterized in that it includes a template lowered into the well on elevator pipes, the casing of which is made of a piece of metal pipe with a diameter equal to the lowered GNO and a length equal to or less than the actual length GNO with a metal shank and a plug sealed at its ends, inside the template housing there is an electronic measuring circuit and a video lens or photoelectronic device consisting of a narrow beam of light installed in the end part of the plug along its axis of the light emitter propagating along the central axis of the template body and installed in the shank at the other end of the light detector template, the distance between which is more than 2 m, and the light receiver consists of independent from each other hectares of optical photosensitive elements arranged in a circle in the form of concentric rings embedded in one into one with a central ring with a diameter of at least 2 mm, the width of the photosensitive rings is 0.1-5 mm, while physical sensors for measuring temperature, pressure and fixing the magnetic field of the coupling joints in the casing connected to an electronic measuring circuit.

 The device is also characterized in that the electronic measuring circuit consists of a galvanic power source, an analog-to-digital converter, a quartz resonator, a non-volatile solid-state electronic memory device and an interface for reading information in digital form in real time.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows the main elements of an electronic measuring circuit and a photoelectronic device located inside the template body, by which the deformation and other physical parameters are measured when the template is lowered into the well, where 1 is the upper template plug, which is connected via an adapter to elevator pipes, 2 - light emitter mounted in the stub of the template, 3 - template body, 4 - light receiver, 5 - magnetic coupling locator, 6 - sensor avleniya, 7 - temperature sensor, 8 - analog-to-digital converter, 9 - solid state program-controlled storage device, 10 - power supply unit together with galvanic power supply elements, 11 - casing string, 12 - output interface, 13 - chassis for electronic measurement mounting instrument circuits, 14 — template shank with electronic circuit elements located inside it and physical sensors.

If the well trajectory deviates from a straight line, the lower end of the template liner 14 abuts against the wall of the casing 11 and under the influence of the weight of the tubing is forced to move downward to take on all the force of the impact due to the weight above the elevator pipes, and partially deforming, “fit” into the trajectory of the trunk. The magnitude of the deformation of the body is fixed by an electronic measuring circuit according to the magnitude of the movement of the light spot on the video lens of any design.

Moving along the wellbore, the sensors available in the template record the temperature, pressure and fix the magnetic field of the coupling joints in the casing (record the number of couplings). All information from the video lens and other physical sensors is converted to the digital code of the ADC 8, accumulated and stored in the ROM 9 until the template is lifted at the wellhead, where it will be read out for visualization and processing through the PC interface 12.

The template body is a steel pipe with a diameter equal to or 2-3 mm less than the body of a real deep well pump, planned to be launched into the well, at the ends of which metal shanks and plugs are hermetically sealed. The upper cap of the body has a threaded adapter, which provides the connection of the template to the elevator tubing. Inside the sealed housing of the template, on its shanks and plugs, an electronic measuring system of the device is mounted, which provides a measurement of the angle of deviation of the template body from the rectilinear axis of the well, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, a device for registering coupling joints in the string - a magnetic locator of the couplings. Along with primary physical sensors, a galvanic power source of the device, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which provides the conversion into digital code of information received from physical sensors into an electronic digital signal, a programmable non-volatile electronic memory device (ROM) are mounted in the case.

Installation of an autonomous electron-optical measuring system is carried out inside the template body on two oppositely installed shanks and plugs. At the end of the template, a light emitter (usually infrared laser) is attached to the shank along its axis, and a light detector (video-optical matrix) consisting of a central light detector with a diameter of not more than 2 mm and rows of concentric ring photodetectors with a width of 0 is attached perpendicular to the central axis of the template body; , 1-5 mm, nested one to one. At the border of two adjacent light-receiving rings, a light-tight vertical barrier is installed with a thickness of not more than 1 mm and a height of up to 10 mm. As a light-optical receiver, a television lens or a photoelectronic video lens can be used.

The distance between the emitter and the receiver depends on the length of the pump actually planned to be launched, but to ensure the accuracy of the measurements, it must be at least 2 meters. In real conditions, a template with a measuring base of 8-10 m or more will be used.

The principle of operation of the device is as follows.

If a lateral bending force acts on one end of the casing, it undergoes elastic bending deformation, then the beam from the light emitter will be forced to shift from the center point on the surface of the light receiver and be fixed at some other point of the light receiver. The magnitude of the displacement of the beam on the light receiving device is a leg of a right triangle, the apex of which is the light emitter, and in terms of characterizes the magnitude of the angle of displacement from the initial position of one of the ends of the template body. The electric signal coming from a particular ring of the light receiver actually carries information about the deviation of the template body from the initial position, therefore, indirectly about the magnitude of the bending load applied to the template simulating GNO.

The implementation in the device of the principle of measuring bending loads applied to the housing of the template simulating the GNO housing is also possible by using a digital camera or a video lens of an electronic digital camera as a recording device for moving the light spot of a video lens. The movement of the light spot on the video lens of the camera or camera is monitored by frame and line scan, which will provide spatial fixation of the light spot at any point in the video lens with the coordinates of the deviation from the center by reading the number of lines and the number of points in a line on the frame scan of the image captured by the lens.

The main design feature of the claimed device is the ability to convert mechanical lateral bending loads applied to the template body into an angular value, and then into an electrical signal that can be measured and its value recorded by an electronic measuring device.

The practical implementation of the technical solutions claimed in this invention is carried out by using standard generally accepted in digital electronics, circuitry solutions and the principles of building electronic measuring devices used in geophysical downhole equipment.

The electrical circuit of the device includes a primary physical optoelectronic sensor for measuring the angle, primary physical sensors of temperature, pressure, fixation of coupling connections (depths), galvanic power cells, providing voltage formation of 3-3 6V for powering all electronic elements of the device, a comparator providing alternate connection primary sensors to the ADC, non-volatile ROM, output interface for reading information for its subsequent processing and visualization, quartz ezonator for clock and generating information registration mode in the ROM with reference to the current real-time scale (year, month, day, hour, minute, second).

Another important feature, the technical advantage of the claimed device, is the ability to measure the temperature and pressure conditions in the wellbore temperature and pressure during the descent and ascent of devices, which allows you to select GNO for a particular well based on the actual temperature and pressure conditions that occur in the well.

The ability to measure the depth of descent of the template by recording the number of sleeve connections in the casing during the descent and ascent of the template allows you to accurately determine the measure (length) of the elevator pipes and the location depth of the straight section of the trajectory with optimal conditions in the wellbore, which will allow you to accurately lower the oil well into the specified position depth interval.

Through a threaded sub, the template is attached at one end to the elevator pipe, from which it descends into the well, the other freely moves in the wellbore. The descent of the template on the elevator pipes is carried out to a depth of 300-4000 m, where, according to the technical conditions, it is necessary to install an oil well for oil (water) from the well.

The template moves in the borehole under the weight of the steel pipe string. As noted above, the weight of elevator pipes, depending on the depth of descent of the template, varies from hundreds to several thousand kilograms, so it, like steel pipes, has significant rigidity. Moving along the wellbore, where the trajectory remains straight, the template, moving under the influence of the weight of the tubing, does not experience lateral deforming loads. During the descent or ascent of a directional, shallow or horizontal wellbore, the template constantly slides along the wellbore wall, and in places where the wellbore trajectory changes in space in angle or azimuth, its free end abuts against the casing bend (turn) section under the action of forces due to the weight of the column of elevator pipes, and the template at the point of contact takes part of the bending forces on its body and, deforming and transferring part of the efforts above the tubing, fits into the changing trajectory of the barrel.

When the template body undergoes deformations, there is a displacement along its central axis between the light emitter and the light receiver mounted at its opposite ends. The light spot will be shifted from the center of the light receiver (video lens) or another point where it was earlier, to a new point. The electrical response, which is the reaction of the video lens to the movement of the beam along its surface, will produce an electrical signal - information about the amount of movement of the light beam from its original position to a new one, and indirectly, and about the amount of deformation applied to the body of the template. This electrical signal is converted by a digital-to-digital converter to a digital code and will be fixed in ROM with a time reference.

Given the fact that the weight and stiffness of a template made from a pump casing, but without a shaft, rod, cylinder, turbine blades, etc., will be significantly lower than the weight and stiffness of a real pump, therefore it will be subject to much more intense bending deformations, which will allow more accurately and reliably highlight those sections of the wellbore where there is a deviation from a straight path.

When the template is in the well, from the moment a galvanic power source is installed in its casing, the electronic measuring circuit of the template is turned on and constantly, with a resolution of 1-3 seconds, temperature and pressure in the wellbore are measured by available physical sensors, the magnetic field of the casing couplings is recorded columns, their number, and the location of the light spot on the video optical sensor, and all information is recorded in the ROM of the template.

The information coming from the sensors is 100% duplicated, since the measurements are carried out continuously, with a resolution of 1 second or more, during descent and when lifting the template. After lifting the template to the surface, the shank with the electronic measuring circuit and the light receiver are removed - they are turned away from the template body. The information obtained on the magnitude of the angles, deformation of the case, pressure, temperature and depth (with reference to the couplings in depth) is read from the ROM to a PC via the interface. After studying and analyzing the information received, a decision is made - at what depth with an accuracy of ± 5 m the GNO is lowered to set it up for permanent operation, where bending loads will not act on its body or they will be minimal.

 Sources of information:

1. Oilfield equipment: Handbook / Ed. E.I. Bukhalenko, 2nd ed. reslave. and add., M .: Nedra, 1990, p. 67-85, p. 113-142.

2. Urazakov K.R., Bogomolsky E.N., Seytpagambetov Zh.S., Gazarov A.G. Pump production of highly viscous oil from deviated and flooded wells. S. 106-114.

3. Urazakov K.R., Shirin A.K., Akramov R.F. et al. Longitudinal bending of a rod pump cylinder and its prevention in a directional well. Tr. BashNIPIneft, 1992, No. 86, p.202-213.

4. Handbook of Oilfield Equipment, ed. I. Bukhalenko. M .: Nedra, 1983, p. 53-124.

5. Urazakov K.R., Bogomolsky E.N., Seitnagambekov Zh.S., Gazarov A.G. Pump production of highly viscous oil from deviated and flooded wells. Ed. M.D. Valieva. M .: Nedro-Biznesentr, 203, p. 42-114.

Claims (2)

1. A device for detecting straight sections in a wellbore and estimating the magnitude of bending loads acting on a deep-well pumping equipment (GNO) during its descent and operation in directional, conditionally vertical and horizontal wells, characterized in that it includes a template lowered into the well on elevator pipes, the casing of which is made of a section of a metal pipe with a diameter equal to the lowering GNO and a length equal to or less than the actual length of the GNO with hermetically sealed n at its ends, with a metal shank and a plug, an electronic measuring circuit and a video lens or photoelectronic device are placed inside the template body, which consists of a narrow beam of light installed in the end part of the plug along its axis of the light emitter propagating along the central axis of the template body and installed in the shank at the other end a light detector template, the distance between which is more than 2 m, and the light receiver consists of optical photosensitive devices independent of each other elements arranged in a circle in the form of one-in-one concentric rings with a central ring with a diameter of at least 2 mm, the width of the photosensitive rings is 0.1-5 mm, while in the shank of the template are physical sensors for measuring temperature, pressure and magnetic field fixation couplings in the casing connected to an electronic measuring circuit. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic measuring circuit consists of a galvanic power source, analog-to-digital converter, quartz resonator, non-volatile solid-state electronic memory device and an interface for reading information in digital form in real time.