RU2253938C2 - Method and device for producing electric current - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method includes producing electric current by separating charges in a stream of moving gas, interaction with solid surfaces and production of resulting electric signal, process is realized by letting a stream of electric-generating gas at a temperature lower than 150°C over the surface of solid electrons acceptors, in form of which semiconductors or organic π-electron substances are used, for example, pigments, for increasing generated voltage process is performed in presence of catalyst, used as a component of solid electrons acceptor, as a stream of moving electron-generating gas, for example, overheated water steam, ammonia fumes, spirits fumes, simple ethers fumes, their mixtures with overheated water steam; exhaust gases in form of mixtures, containing overheated water steam. According to invention devices for producing electric current has pipe for forming moving gas stream, with inbuilt electric-generating and current-receiving elements. In the pipe made of electric-insulating material electrodes of two types are placed in couples: anodes, covered in solid electrons acceptors, and cathodes of heat-resistant electric-conductive material, positioned further along path of electric-generating gas stream.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, broader functional capabilities, better ecology, lower costs.

2 cl, 2 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to unconventional methods for producing electric current and the development of devices for implementing this process. It can be used as a source of electricity for stationary installations with moving flows, moving installations or means, for example, transporting or transporting, using gases transported or exhausting, for example, smoke, exhaust, etc. for this purpose.

The Falkov generator is known, which provides for the generation of electric current due to the flow of gas (air) generated by the movement of the vehicle on composite piezoelectric elements in the form of wave-shaped plates placed with a gap in the generator body, equipped with guide bell-slot devices and at least one angle-changing wing flow attacks. When a transport device is moved along the road or air, the flow of the working fluid (gas or steam) enters the generator housing installed on this device through a bell-slot device, drives the piezoelectric materials (vibration, deformation), which generate an electrical signal recorded by current collectors [1. USSR A.S. No. 613421, MKI ² H 01 L 41/08, published in BI No. 24, 06/30/78 - prototype].

In the Falkov generator, electricity will be generated by increasing the air resistance to vehicle movement, i.e. reducing the efficiency of the tool itself, the main function of which is the ability to move with the highest possible efficiency.

The basis of the invention (method and device) for producing electric current is the task of improving the method and device by passing a jet of electron-donating gases above the surface of solid electron acceptors at an elevated temperature using a device for forming a moving gas stream from an electrically insulating material into which electric-generating and current-receiving elements are mounted that allows you to ensure the receipt of electrical energy as additional simultaneously with the execution of the move gases with their main function.

The technical result is achieved due to the implementation of the method of generating electric current by separating the charges in a jet of moving gas, interacting with solid surfaces and obtaining a removable electric signal, according to the method, the process is carried out by passing a jet of electron-donating gas at a temperature of at least 150 ° C above the surface of solid electron acceptors, which are semiconductors or organic π-electronic substances, such as pigments, to increase the generated voltage carried out in the presence of a catalyst used in a solid electron acceptor, as a jet of electron-donating moving gas, for example, superheated water vapor, ammonia vapor, alcohols, ethers, mixtures thereof with superheated water vapor, exhaust gases, for example exhaust gases, which are mixtures are used containing superheated water vapor. The method is carried out using a pipe to form a driving gas stream, with mounted electric generating and current-receiving elements, according to the device, two types of electrodes are placed in pairs in an electric insulation pipe: cathodes coated with solid electron acceptors and anodes of heat-resistant electrically conductive material located downstream jet electron donor gas.

The proposed method involves the use of kinetic and thermal energy during or after the main function. It is based on the separation of electric charges of the electron of the donor gas, which occurs on the surface of a solid electron acceptor, which has the properties of perception and partial accumulation of electrons. The separation of charges occurs due to the one-electron charge transfer from the donor to the surface of the electron acceptor. Here, the charge accumulates in the crystal in the form of anion radicals. Similar clumps of energy can be considered as exciplexes. Positive hole charges are carried away by a stream of steam. The accumulation of anion radicals in a pigment crystal can be visualized on the basis of pyrophoricity - the burning of a sample when moving it into the air, along the EPR sectors (electron paramagnetic resonance), or by measuring the voltage on the electrodes by conventional means. In the latter case, the electrodes are a metal substrate, on the surface of which an organic pigment (cathode) or a semiconductor is deposited, and a metal grid (anode) is placed in the pipe further along the steam jet.

To implement the method, a device is proposed that includes a heat-resistant non-conductive electric current pipe through which an electron-donating gas can be passed at elevated temperatures. An anode and a cathode are fixed on the inner wall of the pipe, connected to an external electrical circuit. In the case of using the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines as an electron donor gas, the pipe section for generating current is made of a larger diameter so that there is no decrease in engine power due to an increase in exhaust resistance.

Using the known device [1], it is not possible to achieve such an effect, because its dimensions are large, its installation on conveying pipelines is impossible.

The proposed method and device for producing electric current are illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1. A quartz tube with a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 1200 mm is placed in a tubular electric furnace under a slight slope so that the upper edge of the tube is as short as possible. The furnace is equipped with adjustable heating, and a thermocouple is installed between the walls of the tube and the furnace. Saturated steam sources are attached to the top of the tube. A section of the tube at a distance of 10-300 mm from the upper edge serves as a zone of superheating of steam, at a distance of 400-500 mm an anode is placed, which is a metal boat made of copper or aluminum foil with a capacity of 3-5 cm ³ , and a section of 500-600 mm is the place of the anode , which is a coil of copper mesh with an area of 30 cm ² . The anode and cathode are connected by insulated wires to the terminals of the capacitor. Previously, in a blank experiment, a temperature correction was established in the readings of temperature sensors in the annulus and in the zone of the expected generation of electric current. At 350 ° C and a steam feed rate of about 0.25 g / min, the difference in the readings of the temperature sensors was minus 10 ° C.

1.5 g perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PTC diimide) was placed in a copper foil boat [Pigment Violet 29, Color Index International The Society of Dyers and Colorists, 1997, Bredford, England] 0.1 g of copper monochloride is placed on its surface and introduced into the quartz tube of the installation in the zone of electricity generation at a temperature of 150 ° C. Using a boat with a pigment sample as a cathode, install a cathode in a quartz tube at a level of 500-600 mm from the upper edge and connect both electrodes to the capacitor terminals and heat them up by measuring the voltage at the capacitor terminals every 20 minutes with a DT-830 V. multimeter. V During the measurement, the capacitor discharges. The kinetic data of the dependence of voltage on the temperature of superheated steam and the duration of the processing are illustrated in tables 1 and 2.

Example 2. 1.5 g of indatron [Pigment Blue 60] are mixed with 0.3 g of copper powder, the resulting mixture is placed in a boat as described in example 1, and the kinetic dependence of the voltage increase on the nature of the solid electron acceptor and experimental conditions is observed. The results in table 2.

Dependences of the generated voltage on temperature and duration of treatment with superheated water vapor.

Example 3. Two grams (2.0 g) of the green phthalocyanine pigment [Pigment Green 7] is placed in a copper boat of the apparatus according to Example 1, the temperature is increased to 300 ° C and the product is processed with superheated steam while measuring the generated voltage. The resulting dependence is shown in table 2.

Example 4. A silicon wafer of semiconductor qualification weighing 0.45 g, an area of 0.4 cm ^{2 is} placed in the tube as described in example 1. The voltage after heating for 120 min at 350 ° C was 39 mV (see table 2) .

Example 5. Using a flask as a source of saturated steam, 300 ml of water is heated in it to a boil in Example 1. Electricity generation is observed in a stream of superheated water vapor. At the same time, a voltage of 10 mV accumulates in 20 minutes. Then, from a dropping funnel equipped with a tube for supplying liquid under the surface of boiling water, an aqueous 25% ammonia solution is uniformly supplied at a speed of 0.5 ml / min. At the same time, the heating of the flask is increased so that the evaporation rate does not decrease, but remains at the level of 0.25 g / min. Increasing the temperature in the zone of voltage generation, observe the kinetic dependence of the voltage increase in the mixture of superheated water vapor and ammonia. The result is in table 2.

Example 6. Similar to that described in example 5, with the only difference being that ethyl rectified alcohol is supplied from a dropping funnel at a rate of 2 ml / min. The dependence of the voltage generated in the mixture of superheated water vapor and alcohol on the experimental conditions are given in table 2.

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the voltage of the generated current has a complex nonlinear dependence on the nature of the electron-donating gas, the properties and quantity of the solid electron acceptor, and increases with increasing temperature and the duration of the preheating. To increase the generated voltage, the process is carried out in the presence of catalysts.

Thus, the proposed method and device for generating electric current using a jet of electron-donating gas, implemented in systems with moving flows, including exhaust gases, will improve the environment and energy-saving indicators.

Claims (4)

1. A method of producing an electric current by separating charges in a stream of a moving gas interacting with solid surfaces and producing a removable electric signal, characterized in that the process of separating charges is carried out by sequentially passing a stream of gases or vapors having electron-donor properties over a solid surface electron acceptors, which remove electrons, and above the surface of the electrode, which removes ions, at a temperature of at least 150 ° C and ion trapping by metal by their elements, by removing an electrical signal by connecting the electrodes into an external electric circuit using semiconductors or organic π-electronic substances, such as organic pigments, as electron acceptors. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a stream of a heated moving electron gas using, for example, superheated water vapor, ammonia vapors, alcohols, ethers and mixtures thereof with superheated water vapor, exhaust gases, for example exhaust gases, which are mixtures containing superheated water vapor. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst contained in a solid electron acceptor. 4. Device for producing electric current, including a pipe for forming a moving gas stream with mounted power generating and current-receiving elements, characterized in that two types of electrodes are placed in pairs successively one after another along the stream of the electrode: cathodes made of heat-resistant conductive materials, covered with solid electron acceptors, and heat-resistant anodes located further along the gas jet, connected by insulated electric wires to the external electrical circuit.