RU2253832C2 - Cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cartridges for hand grenade launchers.

SUBSTANCE: the cartridge has a cartridge case with a propellant charge and a shell including an envelope, rotating band, plastic cover covering the warhead, and an explosive device with a detonator positioned in the cover hole and fastened to the shell. The rotating band is made on the plastic cover and has a diameter smaller the diameter of the cartridge case. A washer, having an outside diameter equal to the diameter of the warhead, is positioned between the warhead and the cover. A blind space with radial-face lugs engageable with the washer and mashed by it at a plastic deformation in the direction to the cover at actuation of the warhead is made in the cover around the explosive device on the side of the washer. The explosive device is provided with an outer lug, by which it is installed on the side of the cartridge case with a stop to the cover.

EFFECT: reduced range of fire that is safe for the grenade launcher, and enhanced efficiency and no-failure operation of the shell on the target, enhanced accuracy of fire.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of defense technology, namely to cartridges for hand grenade launchers.

Hand grenade launchers for their widespread use in various conditions should have cartridges, which, with minimal dimensions and weight, should provide the highest efficiency and reliability of their shells on target and minimal restrictions on use.

In known cartridges for hand grenade launchers, these conditions are provided by various technical solutions, but, according to the authors and the applicant of the present invention, they are not fulfilled in a sufficient amount, but some compromise is reached between them and, as a rule, is not optimal.

So, for example, in a cartridge [1], chosen by the authors and the applicant as an analogue and containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile, to reduce the range of safe firing and increase the mass of the warhead, the latter is made of an explosive bound by a thermoset, carrying the shell body a thin-walled shell with a bottom made of plastic or rubber and a lid in the form of a plastic gasket covering the open end of the shell and fastened with it and a warhead, and the explosive device is located in the head of the shell yes warhead in the recess from the bottom shell with a warhead focusing. When this shell explodes, the shell and gasket collapse into dust, and therefore, when the shell meets the target with its head towards the grenade launcher, nothing flies away. However, this projectile is not very stable on the trajectory, because it does not have a tail stabilizer - it forms fragments flying off toward the grenade launcher, and it is impossible to use a sufficiently strong leading belt to stabilize rotation - when it is fired, it will either be cut off along a thin-walled plastic or rubber shell, or transfer excessively high loads to the combat charge. Therefore, the projectile can have only the minimum necessary rotation speed, and when it encounters flight paths with branches of bushes and trees or plant stems, it will lose stability, and as a result, it may not reach the target or meet with it sideways or bottom. Therefore, for reliable operation on the target, the projectile explosive device must have an all-hole mechanism that will reduce the mass of the combat charge and increase the number of fragments flying off during the explosion in the direction of the grenade launcher.

In another well-known cartridge [2], selected by the authors and the applicant as a prototype and containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile including a combat charge, a shell and a leading belt made on it, a plastic cover, an explosive device placed in the cover opening with an emphasis on its end the case in which the detonator is recessed into a combat charge. The explosive device case has a through longitudinal channel in which a spring-loaded striker and an axis connected to it, protruding from the device’s case and the projectile cover into the sleeve, are mounted sequentially behind the detonator, where a powder bomb is mounted on it, burning at a safe distance for the grenade launcher and secured by a washer.

In the prototype, as in the analogue and for the same reasons, there is no device to give the projectile sufficient stability on the trajectory, so it has the same disadvantages associated with this, but they appear in opposite situations. So, for example, fragments from its bottom explosive device fly in the direction of the grenade launcher if the shell does not meet an obstacle in its path. If it encounters, it loses stability, and the probability of fragments flying away towards the grenade launcher decreases sharply, but the probability of failure to fire on the target increases. In it, the safety of the grenade launcher is guaranteed by the fact that the explosive device always fires at a safe distance for it, which significantly increases the minimum firing range and this limits the widespread use of a hand grenade launcher.

The objective of the present alleged invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known cartridges for hand grenade launchers, namely, to reduce the firing range safe for the grenade launcher without reducing the mass of the warhead of the projectile and the reliability of its operation on the target,

According to the invention, the task is achieved in that in a cartridge containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile, including a shell, a lead belt, a plastic cover that covers the warhead, and an explosive device with a detonator located in the opening of the cover and attached to the shell:

- the lead belt is decorated on a plastic cover and has a diameter less than the diameter of the sleeve;

- between the warhead and the lid there is a washer having an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the warhead;

- in the cover around the explosive device from the side of the washer a blind cavity is made with radial-end protrusions interacting with the washer and crushed by it when the combat charge is triggered;

- the fuse is equipped with an external protrusion, which it is installed on the side of the sleeve with emphasis on the cover;

- the fuse is fastened by a thread with a washer, while the detonator is recessed in its front end;

- the fuse is fastened by a thread with a cap, while the detonator is placed in the hole of the washer, and a longitudinal clearance is formed between the washer and the front end of the fuse, greater than the plastic deformation of the washer in this direction when the combat charge is triggered;

- the washer or its part is formed by thin plates made of materials having different strength and density.

All of the above improvements can reduce the firing range safe for the grenade launcher, while increasing the efficiency and reliability of the projectile on the target and firing accuracy.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where Figures 1 and 4 show a sectional view of cartridge options in which an explosive device is fastened with a thread with a plastic cap and washer, respectively; figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1 and 4, and figure 3 and 5 is the state of the bottom parts of the shells in a longitudinal section after the operation of their warheads.

The cartridge (figures 1 and 4) consists of a sleeve 1 with a propelling charge and a projectile 2.

The projectile 2 contains a plastic cover 3, forming its bottom and containing a leading annular girdle 4, with which it is installed with an emphasis on the end face of the sleeve 1 on the adhesive or on a press (tight) fit.

The diameter of the belt 4 in order to exclude damage in official circulation is made smaller than the diameter of the sleeve 1.

The front part of the projectile 2 is formed by a shell 5, in the open end of which the part of the plastic cover 3 is exposed naked in front of the leading belt 4. The connection of the shell 5 with the plastic cover 3 is formed, as in the analogue and prototype, by glue.

In the cavity of the projectile 2, formed by a shell with a bottom 5 and a plastic cover 3, are placed:

- combat charge 6, mainly from explosives;

- a washer 7 separating the combat charge 6 from the plastic cover 3;

- an explosive device 8 with a detonator 9 and an annular external protrusion 10 mounted on the sleeve side 1 in the hole of the plastic cover 3 with the emphasis on the annular protrusion in the cover.

In the cavity of the plastic cover 3 on the side of the washer 7 around the explosive device 8 there is a blind cavity with radial-end protrusions 11 made integrally with the plastic cover 3, centering the fuse 8 and interacting with the washer 7.

In the projectile 2 of the cartridge shown in FIG. 1, an explosive device 8 is screwed into the hole of the plastic cover 3, and a longitudinal clearance 12 is formed between its front end and the washer 7, greater than the plastic deformation of the washer 7 towards it when the warhead explodes 6. The detonator 9 of the explosive device 8 is fixed externally to its front end and is placed in the through hole 13 of the washer 7.

In the projectile 2 of the cartridge shown in FIG. 4, an explosive device is passed through an opening in the plastic cover 3 and screwed into the hole 14 of the washer 7. In this explosive device, to reduce the dimensions of the projectile 2, the detonator 9 is recessed in its front end.

The work of both versions of the cartridges is as follows.

When fired from a hand grenade launcher, the pressure of the powder gases from the combustion of the propellant charge of the sleeve 1, the connection between the sleeve and the projectile 2 (its plastic cover 3) is destroyed and the projectile begins to accelerate along the length of the barrel of the weapon. In this case, the leading belt 4 crashes into the rifling of the barrel and, due to their curvature, reports to the muzzle moment of the projectile 2 the angular velocity sufficient for its stable position on the flight path to the target.

After leaving the barrel of the grenade launcher, an explosive device 8 is blown up and the projectile 2 flies towards the target in a stable trajectory, reliably overcoming obstacles from the branches of shrubs and trees, plant stems, window glass, etc., and meets it at a given point with its head part.

When a projectile 2 collides with an aim, an explosive device 8 fires and with the pulse of its detonator 9 initiates a combat charge 6.

The products of the actuation of the combat charge 6 destroy the shell 5 and simultaneously with the same specific energy act on the surface of the washer 7 facing them, bend it (for the cartridge in Fig. 1 only within the longitudinal clearance 12) to the plastic cover 3 with its radial-end cover protrusions 11, but without destroying the washer itself, the plastic cover and the fuse. At the same time, a significant part of the energy of the warhead charge 6 directed back is spent on deformation of the washer 7, crushing of the radial-end protrusions 11 of the plastic cover 3 and on compensation of the energy of movement of them and the explosive device 8, directed forward (acquired during firing). As a result, in the direction of the grenade launcher (back), only one “splinter” (see FIGS. 3 and 5) flies off at a low speed, consisting of the listed structural elements of the projectile 2.

Obviously, the smaller the diameter of the detonator 9 and the hole 13 beneath it in the washer 7 and the greater the deformation without destroying the last and radial-end protrusions 11 of the plastic cover 3, the higher the energy intensity and reliability of the process described above. In this regard, the washer 7 formed in whole (Fig. 1) or partially (in Fig. 2) by several thin disks is of considerable interest for both cartridge options, as the structure is more malleable to plastic deformation without fracture. In addition, having made part of the disks forming the washer from heavy and strong and light and non-durable materials, for example, metal and plastic, it is possible to select the washer necessary for it for each type of combat charge of the projectile and at the same time compensate for technological tolerances on the longitudinal dimensions and masses of elements forming the full length and mass of the shell. This will reduce the dispersion of the muzzle velocity of the projectile and increase firing accuracy.

In the cartridges described above, the explosive devices of the shells should not have all-bore mechanisms, and, therefore, the mass of the warhead can be significantly increased.

The cartridge design shown in Fig. 1 is expedient to use when the length of the explosive device is less than the length of the plastic cover and sufficient to form the necessary longitudinal gap between its front end and the washer, or when, according to the design features of the sleeve, the explosive device can be displaced into its cavity from plastic projectile covers by the required amount.

The design of the cartridge shown in figure 2, it is advisable to apply when there are no conditions listed above, and the combat charge has a high explosion energy.

Sources of information

1. Cartridge, patent of Russia No. 2066437, 6 F 42 In 5/02 - analogue.

2. Cartridge, patent of Russia No. 2056617, 6 F 42 B 5/02, 6 F 42 C 1/04 - prototype.

Claims (4)

1. A cartridge containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile, including a shell, a lead belt, a plastic cover that covers the warhead, and an explosive device with a detonator located in the hole of the cover and attached to the shell, characterized in that the lead belt is decorated on a plastic cover and has a diameter less than the diameter of the liner, and between the warhead and the lid there is a washer having an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the warhead, in the lid around the fuse from the side of the washer there is a blind strip with radial-end protrusions interacting with the washer and crushed by it during its plastic deformation towards the lid when the combat charge is triggered, and the explosive device is equipped with an external protrusion, which it is installed on the side of the sleeve with emphasis on the lid. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive device is fastened with a thread with a washer, while the detonator of the explosive device is recessed in its front end. 3. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive device is fastened by a thread with a cap, while its detonator is placed in the hole of the washer, and a longitudinal clearance is formed between the washer and the front end of the explosive device than the plastic deformation of the washer in this direction when triggered combat charge. 4. The cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the washer or its part is formed by thin plates made of materials having different strength and density.

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