RU2252819C1 - Method of utilization of sunflower-seed hulls - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food-processing, chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes washing the sunflower-seed hulls in water till flushing water gets colorless, drying hulls first at temperature of 60-65 °C and then at 100-105 °C to constant mass, grinding, dispersing and selecting fraction of 0.5-3 mm. Proposed method ensures obtaining sorbents of required property which may be used for cleaning the aqueous solutions from heavy metals and organic dyes.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to food and chemical-pharmaceutical industry, specifically to methods for disposal of sunflower husk, and can be used in the oil and fat industry.

Sunflower husk is a waste product from the processing of dry sunflower seeds into vegetable oil, it contains fiber and protein-carbohydrate component as the main components.

Sunflower oil is used both as a food product and as an emollient in medicine and veterinary medicine.

Methods of using sunflower husk are described: part as a fuel in the microbiological industry for producing melanin-containing phytosorbent [1, 2]. Most of the husks are not used and transported to the dump, polluting the environment.

The disadvantages of the methods are irrational use, environmental pollution.

The purpose of the invention is the processing of waste into a finished product, the elimination of environmental pollution.

This goal is achieved by the fact that sunflower husk is processed into a sorbent, which can be used to clean aqueous solutions of heavy metals and organic contaminants.

To obtain a sorbent, the husk of sunflower is washed with water to unpainted wash water, gradually dried first at 60-65 ° C (1-2 hours), then at a temperature of 100-105 ° C to constant weight, crushed, sieved, 0.5- 3 mm.

Get the sorbent - the finished product in the form of a gray powder with a bulk density of 0.20-0.35 g / cm ³ with a fiber content (cellulose) of at least 25% wt. and protein-carbohydrate component (the rest), characterized by a Kjeldahl nitrogen content of at least 0.8% wt. The test sorbent shows the sorption capacity (under static conditions) for copper and cadmium up to 5 mg / g, for methylene blue up to 1 mg / g.

Example 1

21 g of dry sunflower husk in a glass are mixed with 210 g of water (1:10 ratio), stirred for 60 minutes, the aqueous layer is separated, 100 ml of water are added again, mixed, kept for 20-30 minutes, the aqueous layer is separated, etc. to colorless wash water. Then the solid residue is dried for 1 hour at a temperature of 60-65 ° C, then at 100-105 ° C to constant weight; crushed, selected fraction of 0.5-3 mm, get 18.8 g of powder with a bulk density of 0.26 g / cm ³ , fiber content of 31.4%, nitrogen according to Kjeldahl 1.0%.

Example 2. Testing

0.5 g of a sorbent and 20 ml of an aqueous solution containing 100 mg / l of copper in the form of sulfate are placed in a flask with a capacity of 50 cm ³ , stirred, kept at room temperature for 4 hours (until the sorption by the analysis for copper ceases). An aqueous layer is separated in which 2.3 mg / L of copper is detected by chemical analysis.

The sorption capacity is 3.9 mg / g, the degree of purification of the aqueous solution is 97.7%.

Example 3. Analogously to example 2, determine the sorption capacity with a solution of 134 mg / l of cadmium in the form of sulfate, which amounted to 4.4 mg / g (purity 81.3%).

Example 4. In the flask of example 2 make 0.5 g of sorbent and 20 ml of an aqueous solution of an organic dye - methylene blue with a concentration of 15 mg / l, mix.

After 1.5 hours, no blue color was found in the aqueous layer in a 10 mm thick cuvette; sorption capacity of 0.6 mg / g (degree of purification 100).

Thus, the proposed method allows to obtain a sorbent from the waste - sunflower husk with the possibility of using it for the purification of aqueous solutions of heavy metals, such as copper and cadmium, and organic contaminants, for example methylene blue.

Sources of information

1. Secondary raw materials for food and processing industry and environmental protection, under the general ed. E.P. Sizenko, M., Pishchepromizdat, 1999.P.171.

2. RU 2060818, 1996.

Claims (1)

The method of disposal of sunflower husk, waste processing of sunflower seeds into vegetable oil to obtain a sorbent from it, including grinding, washing and drying, characterized in that the husk is washed with water to unpainted wash water, dried first at a temperature of 60-65 ° C, then at 100 -105 ° C and crushed to a particle size of 0.5-3 mm.