RU2252330C2 - Piston manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method of manufacture of piston, insert is preliminarily made with ring groove for split seal and then insert is connected with piston. Said insert is made of at least two parts, on one of which sealed plane of groove is made in contact with plane of seal. Prior to connecting parts of insert, solid ring is fitted between parts is ring groove and then insert is connected with piston. Use of solid ring precludes passing of combustion products into ring space in groove behind the seal. So, use of solid ring in sealing system of piston machine provides considerable reduction of mechanical losses in cylinder-piston pair, and proposed method of manufacture by simple operations and means makes it possible to install solid ring in ring groove of piston which, in its turn, solves problems in piston machines associated with considerable mechanical posses in cylinder-piston pair.

EFFECT: reduced mechanical losses, improved reliability of engine.

12 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to methods for manufacturing pistons mainly of internal combustion engines.

A known method of manufacturing a piston, which consists in the manufacture of a piston head from a heat-resistant material with a groove for a split seal, and the subsequent connection of the head with a piston guide (A. Orlin, Internal combustion engines. Design and strength analysis of piston and combined engines. M .: Mechanical Engineering , 1984, p. 122, Fig. 80). The execution of the head from heat-resistant material is necessary to reduce heat loss, as well as to increase the resource of the piston groove due to the greater strength and wear resistance of the material used for its manufacture.

The disadvantage of this method is the increased mass of the piston due to the need to use sufficiently strong fasteners that prevent the separation of the head from the guide.

A known method of manufacturing a piston, which consists in the preliminary manufacture of the insert with an annular groove made therein for a split seal and connecting the insert with a piston (US Patent No. 3512791, publ. 05.19.1970).

The application of the known method allows to achieve the effect with a slight increase in the mass of the piston. However, the applied method does not allow to solve the main problems of piston machines, consisting in significant mechanical losses and a small resource of the cylinder-piston pair due to excessive pressure of the seal on the cylinder walls at the beginning of the piston stroke.

The technical task is to reduce mechanical losses and increase the reliability of the engine.

This object is achieved in that in the manufacture of the piston by prefabricating the insert with an annular groove for the split seal and connecting the insert with the piston, according to the invention, the insert is made of at least two parts, one of which has a sealable plane of the groove in contact with the plane a seal, and before bonding the parts of the insert between them, an continuous ring is laid in the annular groove, after which the insert is connected to the piston.

The task is also achieved by the fact that before connecting the insert and the piston in the groove, an additional split technological spacer ring is additionally installed, which is removed from the groove after connecting the insert and the piston.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the sealing plane of the grooves located on one of the parts of the insert, can be further processed before bonding.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the sealing plane of the grooves can be ground.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the parts of the insert can be fastened together using fasteners.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the parts of the insert can be performed in the form of a central sleeve and annular elements fixed on it, whose planes form the surfaces of the annular grooves of the sealant.

The task is also achieved by the fact that one of the parts of the insert can be made in the form of a sleeve with an annular shelf forming one of the planes of the groove for the seal, and the second part is in the form of an annular element forming the other plane of the groove, while the ring element after laying the continuous ring installed on the sleeve of the first part until it stops with the formation of an annular groove, and then fasten the annular element with the sleeve.

The task is also achieved by the fact that as an emphasis can use a continuous ring together with a spacer technological ring.

The task is also achieved by the fact that at least one annular element of the insert can be fastened to the sleeve using a threaded connection.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the parts of the insert can be fastened to the sleeve by rolling.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the fastened parts of the insert can be made of different materials.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the continuous ring can be made with a L-shaped cross section in the form of an annular plate and an annular support connected to it, in contact with the sealing plane of the annular groove after installing a seal between the last and annular plate.

The invention is illustrated using the drawings.

Figure 1 shows the piston assembly with an insert, seal and continuous ring element.

Figure 2 - insertion of the piston before fastening its parts.

Figure 3 is an embodiment of an insert in the form of an annular sleeve with ring elements.

Figure 4 is the same, an embodiment of the insert in the form of an annular sleeve with an annular shelf and an annular element.

Figure 5 is the same, the option of fastening the parts of the insert by rolling.

Figure 6 - insert with a spacer technological ring before connecting it to the piston.

The described method is implemented as follows. Part 1 with a sealing plane 2 of the grooves 3 and part 4 of the insert 5 is preliminarily made. Before fastening the parts 1 and 4, an continuous ring 6 is inserted into the annular groove 3 between them, after which the insert 5 is connected to the piston 7, for example, by casting the material of the piston 7 a mold (not shown) with insert 5 installed in it. Before the insert 5 is connected to the piston 7, a split technological spacer ring 8 (see Fig. 6) can additionally be installed in groove 3 to maintain the height size of groove 3 under possible mechanical stress Parts 1 and 4 the insert 5 during connection. After connecting the insert 5 and the piston 7, the ring 8 is removed from the groove 3.

Before installing the piston 7 in the cylinder 9, a split seal 10 is laid between the sealing plane 2 and the continuous ring 6. The continuous ring can be made in the form of an annular plate 11 and a support 12 connected to it, which, after installing the seal 10 in the groove 3, contacts its plane 2 .

The installation of a continuous ring 6 prevents the passage of combustion products into the annular cavity 13 in the groove 3 after the seal 10.

Firstly, the ring 6 covers a significant part of the gap between the ends of the split seal 10, since its outer diameter is satisfied from the condition of maintaining a minimum thermal gap with the wall of the cylinder 9.

Secondly, the cavity 13 is sealed by a support 12 in contact with the plane 2, not allowing the combustion products to squeeze out the seal 10 from the groove 2. As a result of the passage of gases into the cavity 13 in known machines creates excessive pressure from the side of the seal 10 on the wall of the cylinder 9, actually clamping piston 7 at the very beginning of its stroke.

Thirdly, the annular plate 11 of the continuous ring 6 under the action of the pressure of the combustion products elastically deforms and presses the seal 10 against the sealing plane 2 of the groove 3, doubling (due to the additional friction surface between the ring 6 and the seal 10), in comparison with the known machines, radial friction, which prevents the movement of the seal 10 to the wall of the cylinder 9.

Thus, the use of continuous ring 6 in the sealing system of the piston machine can significantly reduce mechanical losses in the cylinder-piston pair. In this case, the installation of the continuous ring 6 in the groove 3 can be carried out either by making the piston detachable in the region of the annular groove 3, or by implementing the described method, which is preferable since the design of the detachable piston entails a complication of its design, deterioration of the reliability, and most importantly - leads to a significant increase in its mass, which is one of the main parameters of the piston, affecting the performance of the whole machine.

Embodiments of insert 5 are shown in the drawings. It can be made in the form of parts 1 and 4, fastened, for example, with rivets 14.

One of the parts can be made in the form of a sleeve 15 with an annular shelf 16 forming one of the planes of the groove 3, and the second part in the form of an annular element 17 forming, for example, a sealing plane 2. After laying the continuous ring 6, the annular element 17 is screwed onto the thread on the sleeve 15 until it stops 18 (see figure 4). Before installing the annular element 17 in the groove 3 can be additionally installed technological ring 8 to maintain the shape of the groove 3 when the power fastening parts of the insert.

The sleeve 15 can be made separately from the annular parts 16 and 17 of the insert 5, which can be attached to the sleeve 15 by means of a threaded connection (see figure 3).

The connection of the parts of the insert 5 can be performed by rolling part of the sleeve 15 on the annular element 17 (see figure 5).

The assembly of the insert 5 from separate parts allows additional finishing of the sealing surface 2, for example, by grinding or polishing it, it is possible even with grinding of the seal 10 to the surface 2, as, for example, this is done in the production of plunger couples. Processing of plane 2 is also possible in order to create the necessary structure on its surface for holding lubricant. If you consider that the resource of the seal 10 when used in the described piston 6 will increase significantly, then in this case, the cost increase due to the additional grinding operation will be compensated during operation.

The introduction of an additional processing operation of the plane 2 will lead to a noticeable improvement in the seal of the cylinder 9 and better heat transfer from the seal 10 to the insert 5.

In addition, when implementing the described method, it is possible to manufacture different parts of the insert 5 from different materials, since the requirements for the different sections forming the groove 3 are different.

Thus, the described method with the help of simple technological operations and means allows for the installation of a continuous ring in the annular groove of the piston, which, in turn, solves the serious problems of piston machines associated with significant mechanical losses in the piston-cylinder pair. Application of the described method in the manufacture of an internal combustion engine, in combination with other structural solutions, will increase its mechanical efficiency to a level comparable to the mechanical efficiency of a gas turbine engine.

Claims (12)

1. A method of manufacturing a piston, which consists in prefabricating an insert with an annular groove for a split seal and connecting the insert with a piston, characterized in that the insert is made of at least two parts, one of which has a sealable plane of the groove in contact with the plane a seal, and before bonding the parts of the insert between them, an continuous ring is laid in the annular groove, after which the insert is connected to the piston. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before connecting the insert and the piston in the groove, an additional split technological spacer ring is additionally installed, which is removed from the groove after connecting the insert and the piston. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sealing plane of the groove located on one of the parts of the insert is further processed before bonding. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the sealing plane of the grooves is ground. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the parts of the insert are fastened together using fasteners. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the parts of the insert are in the form of a central sleeve and annular elements fixed to it, the planes of which form the surfaces of the annular grooves of the sealant. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one of the parts of the insert is in the form of a sleeve with an annular shelf forming one of the planes of the groove for the seal, and the second part is in the form of an annular element forming another plane of the groove, in this case, the annular element after laying the continuous ring is installed on the sleeve of the first part until it stops with the formation of an annular groove, and then the ring element is fastened to the sleeve. 8. The method according to any one of paragraphs.6 and 7, characterized in that as an emphasis use a continuous ring together with a spacer technological ring. 9. The method according to any one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that at least one annular insert element is fastened to the sleeve using a threaded connection. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the parts of the insert are fastened to the sleeve by rolling. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fastened parts of the insert are made of different materials. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the continuous ring is made with an L-shaped cross section in the form of an annular plate and an annular support connected to it, in contact with the sealing plane of the annular groove after installing a seal between the last and annular plate .

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