RU2250841C2 - Railway contact system anchoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrified railways.

SUBSTANCE: proposed railway contact system anchoring device includes support with anchor brackets of carrier cable and contact wire and pulley-block automatic tension regulator of contact wire length at semicompensated anchoring of contact system or pulley-block-type automatic tension regulator of contact wire and pulley-block-type automatic tension regulator of carrier cable at compensated anchoring of contact system, each being connected with weights at one side. At other side, pulley-block-type automatic tension regulator of contact wire is connected with contact wire, and pulley-block-type automatic tension regulator of carrier cable is connected with carrier cable. Position of weights of automatic tension regulator or regulators corresponds to values found from curve characterizing change of position of weights within certain temperature limits depending on distance from middle anchoring device. Pulley-block-type automatic tension regulator of contact wire or pulley-block-type automatic tension regulator of contact wire and pulley-block-type automatic tension regulator of carrier cable are made with tension transfer ratio equal to 3, with range of shifting of twin strings of weights not less than 6 m. Anchor bracket of contact wire is installed at height of 7.2-7.5 m, anchor bracket of carrier cable is installed at height equal to 8.5-9.0 m, and distance between axles of blocks of tension regulator or regulators and position of weights of tension regulator or regulators corresponds to values found curve characterizing changes of position of weights and distance between axles of blocks of regulators within temperature limits from -50°C to +95°C< depending on distance from middle anchoring device.

EFFECT: possibility of provision of maximum compensation of temperature displacement of contact system wires and cables within wide temperature limits without seasonal adjustments.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrification of railways, and more specifically to devices for anchoring the contact network of the railway.

Today, when the speeds on electrified railways have far exceeded 200 km / h, the design of the contact network is becoming particularly important. When electrifying long-distance railway lines operating in difficult climatic and geographical conditions, the contact network should be designed for the extreme effects of temperature changes (sometimes for a short time), wind and ice loads. In chain contact pendants, longitudinal compensation devices, including block-polyspast compensators, are used to eliminate temperature changes in the length of the bearing cables and contact wires included in it.

A device for anchoring the contact network is known (see. Contact network and overhead lines. Regulatory and methodological documentation for the operation of the contact network and high-voltage lines - Reference. M. Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation. 2001, p. 275), including a support with anchor brackets for fastenings of a bearing cable and a contact wire. An anchor bracket for the contact wire is fixed at a height of 7000 mm from the level of the rail head, the size of the cargo movement, taking into account the length of the garland of goods, is limited to 4.5 m, therefore, the known anchoring can only be used at a distance of not more than 700 m from the average anchoring and does not compensate for the elongation of wires caused by a change in temperature in the range from -50 ° C to + 95 ° C.

A device for anchoring the contact network of domestic railways closest to the claimed solution is known (see ibid., Pp. 276-277), including a support with anchor brackets for attaching the support cable and contact wire.

In a semi-compensated suspension, the supporting cable is anchored rigidly, and the contact wire through the load compensator, in the compensated suspension, both the supporting cable and the contact wire are anchored through cargo compensators, which ensure that the specified tension in the wires is maintained when the temperature changes. Compensators with a transmission coefficient of 4 are installed each on its own anchor bracket. Insulating units are installed between the compensators and the compensated wires of the contact suspension, and the loads of the compensators are connected, respectively, with the load cable of their compensator using a clamp. The device is equipped with a limiter of fluctuations of garlands of goods. During operation of the contact network, due to changes in the temperature of the compensated wires, their length changes, and the loads of the compensators move up or down, while ensuring a constant tension of the wires. Moreover, the range of movement of goods is 4 times greater than the range of changes in the length of anchored wires. With the required length of the anchor section with copper wires of 1600 m (2 × 800 m) in accordance with PUTEX and the temperature range from -50 ° С to + 95 ° С, the required cargo course should be 5.92 m. With the cargo garland length 2 m, the range of cargo movement should be 7.92 m.

The restriction on the length of the anchor section is 1400 m (2 × 700) due to the restriction of the range of movement of the garland of goods, taking into account the length of the garland of goods no more than 4500 mm. If the length of the anchor section is not more than 1400 m and, accordingly, the distance to the average anchor is not more than 700 m, the position of the compensators used for such anchoring can correspond to the diagrams for adjusting the position of the goods (see, for example, the same source, page 277), hitherto used for the installation of loads of expansion joints when mounting a contact suspension on the anchor section of the above length. A well-known graphical dependence can be characterized by the following mathematical formula:

b = -4 (λ ₁ × L) xt + 0.025L (m)

where b is the position of the loads of the compensator (m),

λ ₁ - linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal of the compensated drive (1 / deg),

t is the ambient temperature (deg),

L is the distance from the average anchoring (m).

However, in practice, the above mathematical formula is not applied, but ready-made graphs are used.

Due to the limited range of cargo movements in the known device (4.5 m), seasonal adjustment of their position is required when operating the contact suspension even in the temperature range from -50 ° C to + 40 ° C. As a result of this, the construction, including for increasing the deployed length of the contact suspension, and the operational cost of the contact network.

With a longer length of the anchor section, the number of anchor supports and joints is reduced, therefore, from an economic point of view, it is always advantageous to have long anchor sections. When the length of the anchor sections is increased to 1600 m, to ensure constant tension of the wires in the specified operating temperature range, additional seasonal work is necessary to adjust the position of the compensator weights, which leads to a more expensive operation of the contact network and eliminates the benefits of extending the anchor sections.

It should be noted that under operating conditions, for example, during the movement of heavily loaded compounds, the wires of the contact network (both the contact wire and the supporting cable) can be heated to temperatures significantly higher than the ambient temperature, namely, to a temperature of + 95 ° C (temperature +95 ° C corresponds to the permissible temperature of the contact wires, taking into account their heating by load currents). Under such conditions, the system described in the well-known source is inoperative and does not provide compensation for elongation caused by temperature changes in the real range - from -50 ° C to + 95 ° C. This is primarily due to the fact that the movement of the compensator weights is necessary to compensate for temperature changes in the length of the wire, it is 5.92 m, and the length of the garland of goods is usually ~ 2 m, so the total length of the cargo should be at least 7.92 m. The indicated height exceeds the height of 7.0 m allowed with known anchoring. To ensure the operation of the compensator in a wide temperature range, in this case, a seasonal change in the position of the cargo by manual adjustment is required.

In the prior art, even for short anchor sections, no solutions are known in which patterns are disclosed that allow you to adjust the position of the loads and simultaneously adjust the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks, achieving compensation for changes in the length of wires in a wide temperature range and with high accuracy.

So, in the block polysnap compensator, the distance between the fixed rollers is established on the basis of practical experience, but it should be at least 0.5 m at the maximum air temperature (i.e. + 40 ° C) - see ibid., P. 274. For a 3-block roller compensator with two movable rollers, adjustment curves are known for the temperature range from -40 ° C to + 40 ° C and anchors 400-800 m long. In accordance with the table dependence, the distance between the stationary roller and the first movable roller is regulated, as well as the distance between the movable rollers, while the length of the cargo is 4.8 m (see. Instructions for adjusting the contact network. Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation. Moscow. 1998, pp. 80-83).

The objective of the invention is the creation of an anchor device for the contact network of the railway, providing with a maximum length of anchor sections (1600 m) the maximum compensation of temperature movements of the wires of the contact suspension in a wide temperature range - from -50 ° C to + 95 ° C - without seasonal adjustment work .

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for anchoring the contact network of the railway, including a support with anchor brackets of the supporting cable and the contact wire and block-polysnap compensators for temperature changes in the length of the contact wire and the cable carrier, each of which is connected with loads on the one hand, with on the other hand, respectively, with a contact wire or a supporting cable, while the position of the loads of each of these compensators corresponds to the value determined from the schedule, a compensating change in the position of the compensator weights in the temperature range depending on the distance from the average anchoring, the improvement consists in the fact that each of the block-polyspast compensators of the railway contact network anchoring device is made with a transmission coefficient in tension equal to 3 with a range of movement of twin load garlands not less than 6 meters, the anchor bracket of the contact wire is installed at a height of 7.2-7.5 m, the anchor bracket of the support cable is installed at a height of 8.5-9.0 m, and the distance The distance between the axes of the blocks and the position of the loads of each block-polyspast compensator correspond to the values determined from the graph characterizing the change in the position of the loads and the distance between the axes of the blocks of compensators in the temperature range from -50 ° С to + 95 ° С depending on the distance from the average anchoring.

The indicated new graphical dependence for the contact wire can be characterized by the following system of equations (1) and (2):

where A ^KP - position of the weights of the compensator of the contact wire (m),

Z _{KP - the} distance between the axes of the blocks of the compensator of the contact wire (m),

Z $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{KP}}{\text{per}}$ - adjustable (variable) part of the distance between the axes of the blocks of the compensator of the contact wire (m),

λ _t - linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal of the contact wire (1 / deg),

t is the ambient temperature (degrees).

t _{min the} lowest ambient temperature (degrees)

The new graphical dependence for the supporting cable can be characterized by the system of equations (3) and (4)

where A ^NT - the position of the load compensator bearing cable (m),

Z _NT - the distance between the axes of the blocks of the compensator bearing cable (m),

Z $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{NT}}{\text{per}}$ - an adjustable part of the distance between the axes of the blocks of the compensator bearing cable (m),

λ _t - linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal of the supporting cable (1 / deg),

t is the ambient temperature (deg),

t _min - the lowest ambient temperature (degrees),

If the contact wire and the support cable are made of copper or an alloy based on it (for example, M-25, M-120, MF-100, MFO-120, etc.), then the distance between the axes of the compensator or compensator blocks and the position of the compensator’s cargo or compensators correspond to the values determined from the graphical dependence shown in Fig.3.

If the contact wire is made of copper, and the bearing cable is bimetallic, then the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks and the position of the weights of the compensators correspond to the values determined from the graphical dependence shown in Fig. 4.

In any case, the position of the compensator weights is determined relative to the mark on the support “A = 0”.

It should be noted that the new dependence, as well as the known one, is presented in graphical form because it is precisely this type of dependence that is necessary for practical work. Graphs, which are one of the essential features of the claimed invention, were first obtained by the authors. The value of the claimed solution therefore also lies in the fact that the presented graphical dependencies can be used without modification for working in the field. For the convenience of using the graphs in the application, they are given not only in small (Figure 3 and Figure 4), but also on an enlarged scale (Figure 5 and Figure 6).

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that to ensure the operability of the contact network with a maximum length of anchor sections (1600 m) in an extended range of operating temperatures (-50 ° C to + 95 ° C) with the simultaneous exclusion of seasonal adjustment work, the anchoring device must meet certain parameters established by the authors of the present invention in the course of practical work on the maintenance of the contact network of railways of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. The indicated parameters include the following parameters:

1. For semi-compensated anchoring of the contact network:

- block-polyspast compensator of the contact wire is made with a transmission coefficient by tension equal to 3, and with a range of movement of goods not less than 6 meters;

- garlands of compensator cargoes are double;

- the anchor bracket of the contact wire is installed at a height of 7.2-7.5 m. The height is measured from the level of the rail head;

- the anchor bracket of the support cable is installed at a height of 8.5-9.0 m. The height is measured from the level of the rail head;

- the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks and the position of the compensator weights correspond to the values determined from the graph characterizing the change in the position of the goods and the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks in the operating temperature range from -50 ° С to + 95 ° С depending on the distance or average anchoring ( i.e. the distance between the corresponding compensator and the average anchoring);

- If the contact wire is made of copper or an alloy based on it (for example, M-25, M-120, MF-100, MFO-120, etc.), then the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks and the cargo position of the corresponding compensator are determined from the schedule, presented in figure 3.

2. For compensated anchoring of the contact network:

- the block-polyspast compensator of the contact wire and the block-polyspast compensator of the bearing cable are made with a transmission coefficient in tension equal to 3, and with a range of movement of goods not less than 6 meters;

- garlands of goods on both compensators are made double;

- the anchor bracket of the contact wire is installed at a height of 7.2-7.5 m. The height is measured from the level of the rail head;

- the anchor bracket of the support cable is installed at a height of 8.5-9 Ohms. Height is measured from the level of the rail head;

- the distance between the axes of the blocks of compensators of the contact wire and the bearing cable and the position of the loads of these compensators correspond to the values determined from the graph characterizing the change in the position of the loads of the compensator and the distance between the axes of the blocks of the compensator in the range of operating temperatures from -50 ° С to + 95 ° С the distance or average anchor (i.e. the distance between the corresponding compensator and the average anchor);

- If the contact wire and the bearing cable are made of copper or an alloy based on it (for example, M-25, M-120, MF-100, MFO-120, etc.), then the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks and the position of the compensator weights correspond to the values determined from the graph shown in Fig.3.

- If the contact wire is made of copper, and the bearing cable is bimetallic (steel-copper), then the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks and the position of the weights of the compensators correspond to the values determined from the graph shown in Figure 4.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in Fig. 1 a schematic view of a compensated anchor device of a contact network is shown, Fig. 2 in a schematic form is a diagram of a semi-compensated anchor of a contact network. figure 3 presents a diagram illustrating the use of a graph of changes in the position of the weights of the compensator and the distance between its blocks depending on the ambient temperature, changes in the temperature of the wires and the distance from the average anchoring for a wire made of copper, figure 4 presents the same for a copper contact wire and a bimetallic (steel-copper) support cable. Figure 5 presents the dependence shown in Figure 3 on an enlarged scale. Figure 6 presents the dependence shown in Figure 4 on an enlarged scale.

The positions in the drawings relate to the following elements: 1 - a support on which the anchor brackets 2 of the contact wire and the support cable are fixed, one of which is designed for the block-polyspast compensator of the support cable 3, and the other for the block-polyspast compensator of the contact wire 4. All the compensators are equipped with double garlands of goods 5, to prevent oscillations of which the limiter of the oscillations of goods is designed 6. The blocks of the compensator 3 are connected to the carrier cable through the insulating unit 7 of the carrier cable, and p 4 is connected to the contact wire through an insulating unit 8. The anchoring device contains a guy 9. The invention is illustrated by examples of the use of the inventive device.

Example No. 1

Assembly and operation of the device during semi-compensated anchoring. The contact wire is made of M-120 (Figure 2).

When the distance from the average anchor is 725 m, an anchor bracket 2 of the contact wire is installed on the support 1 at a height of 7.3 m and a compensator 4 is tilted on it, which is connected to the contact wire through the insulator 8. The anchor bracket 2 of the support cable is installed at a height of 8.5 m. the stroke of the double garland of the compensator loads over a length of 6.0 m. The supporting cable is fixed to the anchor bracket 2 rigidly (without a compensator). According to the diagram presented in FIG. 3 (FIG. 5), at a temperature of, for example, + 6 ° C in the shade, the position of its weights and the distance between z _{KP are} determined for this compensator. To do this, find the calculated temperature of the wire, which is + 6 ° C + 14 ° C = + 20 ° C. The temperature of the wire (cable) during installation is defined as the sum of the temperature of the air in the shade and the temperature of heating by solar radiation (+ 14 ° C) with a clear sunny weather. On the distance scale (L), find the point 725 m (the distance of the compensator under consideration from the average anchoring), then draw a vertical from the found point to the intersection with the line for a temperature of + 20 ° C, from the obtained point horizontally to the left, determine the position of the loads A = 2.52 m. From the intersection point, drawing the horizontal to the right, determine the distance between the compensator blocks z _KP = 2.28 m. Having determined the necessary parameters, the blocks are installed at a distance of 2.28 m (the distance between the axes of the blocks), and the loads at a distance of 2.62 m from the mark on the support “A = 0 " After drawing out new anchored wires, the position of the loads must be adjusted in accordance with the schedules. Before adjusting the position of the goods measure the distance z _KP . If its value differs (in a smaller direction) from that given by the dependence by more than 0.5 m, then it is necessary to adjust the z _CP in accordance with the graphs.

The distance between the other two blocks is determined by the design of the block-polysnast compensator.

During operation, when the temperature decreases, for example, to -50 ° С, the garland of goods rises to the level A = 0, and when the temperature rises, for example, to + 95 ° С, the garland of goods can drop to the mark A = 6.0 m. At the same time, the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks are automatically adjusted, and its position of the goods is changed in accordance with the curves given in the claimed invention only during the installation of the contact network and after emergency situations.

Example No. 2

Assembly and operation of the device with compensated anchoring. The contact wire is made of MF 100. and the supporting cable is made of M-120 (Figure 1). At a distance of 700 m from the average anchor, an anchor bracket 2 of the contact wire is installed on the support 1 at a height of 7.3 m and a compensator 4 is mounted on it, which is connected to the contact wire through the insulator 8. Anchor bracket 2 of the support cable is installed at a height of 8.5 m. compensator 3, which is connected to the carrier cable through the insulator 7. This ensures that the loads of both compensators are provided with a length of 6.0 m. According to the diagram presented in Figure 3 (Figure 5), at a temperature of, for example, + 26 ° C shadows determine the position of the goods sators and the distance between the blocks of compensators z _KP and z _NT . To do this, find the calculated temperature of the wires, which is + 26 ° С + 14 ° С = + 40 ° С. On the distance scale (L), find a point of 700 m (the distance of the compensators under consideration from the average anerovka), then follow the same steps as in Example No. 1, find the position of the loads of compensators and the distance between the axes of the blocks z _KP and z _NT using the same dependence in Figure 3. In this example, the position of the loads of both compensators is A = 3.22 m, and the distance between the blocks of compensators: z _KP = 2.08 m, and z _NT = 2.68 m.

Having determined the necessary parameters, the blocks are installed at the indicated distances (the distances between the axes of the blocks), and the loads of both compensators are at a distance of 3.22 m from the mark on the support A = 0.

The distance between two other blocks of compensators is determined by the design of block-polysnast compensators.

During operation, when the temperature drops, for example, to -50 ° С, the garlands of the loads of both compensators rise to the level A = 0, and when the temperature rises, for example, to + 95 ° С, the garlands of the loads of both compensators can drop to 6.0 m At the same time, the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks is automatically adjusted, and its position of the goods is changed in accordance with the curves given in the claimed invention only during the installation of the contact network and after emergency situations.

Example No. 3

Assembly and operation of the device with compensated anchoring. The contact wire is made of MF-010, and the supporting cable is bimetallic steel-copper (Figure 1). At a distance of 620 m from the average anchoring, an anchor bracket 2 of the contact wire is installed on the support 1 at a height of 7.3 m and a compensator 4 is mounted on it, which is connected to the contact wire through the insulator 8. Anchor bracket 2 of the support cable is installed at a height of 8.5 m, it is mounted on it a compensator 3, which is connected to the carrier cable through the insulator 7. This ensures that the loads of both compensators are provided with a length of 6.0 m. According to the diagram presented in Figure 4 (Figure 6), at a temperature of, for example, -14 ° C shadows determine the position of the cargo the contact wire carrier and the distance between its blocks z _KP , as well as the position of the weights of the load-bearing compensator and the distance between its blocks z _NT . To do this, find the calculated temperature of the wires, which is 0 ° C (-14 ° C ++ 14 ° C = 0 ° C). On the scale of distances (L) find the point 620 m (the distance of the compensators from the average anerovka), then by the same actions as in Example No. 2, from the graphs of Figure 4 find the position of the loads of the compensators and the distance between the axes of the blocks z _KP and z _NT, . using appropriate graphs (marked KP or NT). In this example, the position of the compensator weights of the load-bearing cable A = 1.22 m from the mark A = 0, and the distance between the blocks of the compensator of the load-bearing cable z _NT = 3.33 m. In this example, the load position of the contact wire compensator A = 1.58 m from the mark A = 0, and the distance between the blocks of the compensator of the contact wire z _KP = 2.62 m

Having determined the necessary parameters, the blocks are installed at the indicated distances (the distances between the axes of the blocks), and the loads of both compensators are at distances A = 1.22 m and A = 1.58 m from the mark on the support A = 0.

The distance between two other blocks of compensators is determined by the design of block-polyspast compensators.

During operation, when the temperature decreases, for example, to -50 ° С, the garlands of the loads of both compensators rise to the level A = 0, and when the temperature rises, for example, to + 95 ° С, the garlands of the loads of both compensators can fall to the level of 6.0 m. Moreover, the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks is automatically adjusted, and the position of the goods is changed in accordance with the curves given in the claimed invention only during installation of the contact network and after emergency situations.

The inventive device allows for a maximum length of anchor sections (1600 m) to provide maximum compensation for the temperature movements of the wires of the contact suspension in a wide temperature range from -50 ° C to + 95 ° C without seasonal adjustment work.

Claims (4)

1. An anchor device for the railway contact network, including a support with anchor brackets for the bearing cable and the contact wire and block and block compensators for temperature changes in the length of the contact wire and the bearing cable, respectively, each of which is connected with cargo on the one hand and, on the other hand, respectively with a contact wire or carrier cable, while the position of the goods of each of these compensators corresponds to the value determined from the graph characterizing the change in the position of the goods compensator in the temperature range depending on the distance from the average anchoring, characterized in that each of the block-polyspast compensators of the rail contact network anchoring device is made with a transmission coefficient in tension equal to 3, with a range of movement of twin load garlands of at least 6 m, anchor the contact wire bracket is installed at a height of 7.2 ÷ 7.5 m, the anchor bracket of the support cable is installed at a height of 8.5 ÷ 9.0 m, and the distance between the axes of the blocks and the position of the loads of each block ispastnogo compensator correspond to the values determined from the graph that characterizes the change of the position of goods and the distance between the axes of compensator blocks in the temperature range from -50 ° C to + 95 ° C depending on the distance from the middle of the compensator anchoring. 2. The anchor device of the railway contact network according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact wire is made of copper or an alloy based on it, and the distance between the axes of the blocks and the position of the loads of the contact wire compensator correspond to the values determined from the graph shown in FIG. 3. 3. The anchor device of the railway contact network according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact wire and the supporting cable are made of copper or an alloy based on it, and the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks and the position of the compensator weights correspond to the values determined from the graph presented on figure 3. 4. The anchor device of the railway contact network according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact wire is made of copper or an alloy based on it, the supporting cable is made of bimetallic steel-copper, and the distance between the axes of the compensator blocks and the position of the compensator weights correspond to the values determined from the graph presented in figure 4.

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