RU2250344C1 - Drilling chisel with variable rock-destroying armament - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: device has body with ribs, on which rock-destroying armament is placed, body is made replaceable, of four-groove or three-groove manufacture form, while during drilling of hard rocks four toothed disk cutters are mounted on axis on it, in grooves placed cross-wise between ribs and symmetrically in mutually perpendicular diametric planes, and during drilling of rock of average or lower hardness in space of grooves between ribs four-vertex or three-vertex transfer parts are placed having rectangular U-like profile, wherein replaceable cutter holders are inserted, provided with detachable cutters with different shapes of hard-alloy heads and tails, slant angles to well axis, height marks and placement plans in replaceable cutter holder, dependently on chisel diameter and geological conditions of planned drilling. Connection to transfer part body and replaceable cutter holders with replaceable cutters is made by means of same axes that were used for mounting toothed-disk cutters, while all elements of changeable armament are made replaceable and collapsible.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

4 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a rock cutting tool and can be used for drilling blast holes in quarries, mines, as well as for deep drilling of technological wells.

The current stage in the development of engineering and technology in quarries is characterized by an increase in the use of cutting bits with pneumatic and auger-pneumatic well cleaning on the cone drilling machines (SBS). The methods for constructing rock-cutting weapons and bodies of such bits are very diverse due to changes in the properties of rocks and blast hole diameters in a wide range. At the same time, as the analysis of literature shows [Simkin B.A., Kutuzov B.N., Butkin V.D. Handbook of quarry drilling. - 2nd ed. - M .: Nedra, 1990, p. 125, fig. 4.3, p. 122, fig. 4.2; Strabykin N.N. Technique for drilling blast holes in frozen rocks. - M .: Nedra, 1989, pp. 82-85, Fig. 3.5-3.7; Katanov B.A. Development of designs of cutting drill bits. - Mechanization of construction, 2001, No. 7, p. 11, Fig. 3, etc.], designs of existing and proposed cutting bits of even one diameter are designed for any one layout (cutting grid) of various types of cutters and have different housing designs from alloy steels. This complicates the manufacturing technology of bodies, cutters and assembly of bits. Existing plants prefer to produce only single-use cone bits with non-separable bodies (but with different types of fixed cones), and cutting bits for SBSH machines are made by small repair plants or workshops of a number of institutes. The same thing happens with combined tools: not one of them has been mastered by mass production for the same reasons.

From the analysis it follows that a new approach to the problem is required to obtain a generalized engineering solution, which can be found on the basis of creating a rational method of using various rock-breaking weapons in a drill bit with a unified body, reducing a wide variety of single designs of cutting bits to an integrated unified solution.

Known drill bit cutting-cone type, comprising a housing, two conical cones fixed in its paws, between which there is an axially movable cutting body in the form of blades or removable core cutters that are advanced in front of the cones when drilling soft rocks using a spring and sunk above the bottom wells during drilling of hard rocks [Simkin B.A., Kutuzov B.N., Butkin V.D. Handbook of quarry drilling. - M .: Nedra, 1990, p. 128, Fig. 4.5].

The disadvantages of this bit are as follows. The main roller cone part of the bit is non-separable, which determines the one-time use of the bit, each design of which is designed for any one type of rock cutting elements and for one diameter of the well. The resource of the cutting part is limited, since the cutting body can be only two-beam. In soft rocks, the drilling speed is lower than with a mono-cutting bit due to the restraining effect of the cutters and a large overlap of the face by the hull; when drilling hard rocks, inevitably significant wear of the cutting part. Discrete use of cones and cutting weapons in this bit is impossible and it is structurally complex and expensive, laborious in the manufacture of supports, cone cones and paws.

The closest set of essential features is a drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons, containing a body with ribs on which rock cutting weapons are located [Butkin V.D., Teleshov A.S., Bryukhov B.F. Drill bits with rotating cutters for cuts (Overview). - M.: TsNIIEugol, 1976, pp. 8-11, Figs. 1 and 2]. The disadvantages of bits of this type are that their well-known designs are equipped with two or three disk cones, that is, they have a limited resource of durability in hard rocks; each bit is designed for only one diameter and is characterized by lower rates of drilling speed and cost compared to core cutters in rocks below the average and medium strength and unreasonably expensive weapons for these conditions, which also crush the rock with increased dust emission.

The main objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of drilling operations and expand the field of rational use (technological capabilities) of the bit by increasing the resource of wear resistance and the ability to equip the replaceable body with various replaceable weapons of cone and cutter types and changing the diameter of the wells in rocks of various strengths.

To achieve this goal, in a drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons containing a body with ribs on which rock cutting weapons are located, the body is replaceable in four or three grooves, and when drilling hard rocks, four gear-wheel cones in grooves are mounted on its axes placed between the ribs crosswise and symmetrically in mutually perpendicular diametrical planes, and when drilling rocks of medium and below average strength into the space of grooves between the edges of the mouth four-beam or three-beam adapters of a rectangular U-shaped profile were installed, in which replaceable tool holders equipped with removable cutters with various shapes of carbide heads and shanks, tilt angles to the axis of the well, elevations and location patterns in the replaceable tool holder, depending on the diameter of the bit and mining -geological conditions of the upcoming drilling, while attaching to the removable adapter housing and replaceable toolholders with removable cutters is made using the same axes as for fastening the toothed disk bits, all elements of the alternating arms are made removable disassembled; when drilling on coal and soft rock, replaceable tool holders equipped with removable cutters are placed and fixed directly in the grooves of the replaceable case, and for drilling holes of increased diameter, the replaceable case is equipped with an adapter with a console, and the peripheral cutters are reinforced with a pair of carbide pins; the drill bit is equipped with an interchangeable shank equipped with a hollow nipple either with a tapered thread for attaching the bit to the drill rod when drilling wells with pneumatic cleaning, or with a hole and a finger for connecting to the drill rod when drilling wells with screw cleaning.

The causal relationship of the essential features characterizing the invention with the achieved technical results is as follows. Equipping the drill bit with a four-groove replaceable body and supplying four (versus two - three) gear-disk cutters not only increases the bit life resource and the possibility of drilling stronger rocks, but also allows more rational placement of the grooves between the ribs crosswise and symmetrically, which in turn simplifies the design and manufacture of a removable housing and creates the ability to place four-beam tool armament, the most preferred for stable operation of the bit on the face with significantly m removable resource resistance cutters. The introduction of a solid cross-shaped design of the adapter, adjacent to all surfaces of the grooves and fixed in a removable housing at four points, creates sufficient structural rigidity to accommodate replaceable tool holders in it and allows you to increase the diameter if necessary, which is impossible in the prototype. Equipping the drill bit with a three-groove interchangeable body makes it possible to place three-beam cutting armament, which is most preferable when drilling rocks below average strength and non-irrigated. At the same time, when drilling coal and soft rocks, when the torques are not large, it is possible to place and fasten replaceable tool holders directly in the grooves of the replaceable case. Introduction to the design along with the adapter of replaceable tool holders allows you to pre-equip them with the necessary set of removable cutters with various shapes of carbide heads and shanks, angles of inclination to the axis of the well, elevations and location patterns in a replaceable tool holder, depending on the geological conditions of the upcoming urenia. The use of axes both for the installation of gear-disk cones and for the fastening of incisor weapons simplifies and reduces the cost of manufacturing technology and assembly operations. The use of the same carbide pins for peripheral removable cutters and gear-wheel cones also simplifies and reduces the cost of design and manufacturing technology. The supply of an interchangeable shank equipped with a hollow nipple with a tapered thread allows you to attach the drill bit to the drill rod when drilling wells with pneumatic cleaning (for example, on the SBSh-250-MNA machine), and the supply of an interchangeable shank equipped with a hollow nipple with a hole and a finger allows attach the drill bit to the drill rod when drilling wells with screw cleaning (for example, on machines 2SBR-125-30, SVB-2M, BTS-150). Since all elements of the drill bit are removable, and the bit is completely collapsible, it is repairable in all details, which increases its service life.

Thus, the totality of new significant decisions unifies the body of the bit bearing the armament, allows it to be used alternately with both cone and cutter armaments and to provide optimal indicators of the speed and cost of drilling on ledges with rocks of various strengths. From the point of view of manufacturing technology, all the details of the bit, including the body, can be manufactured by the flow method, automated lines, which reduces the cost of the bit. It should be noted that the created version of the bit and its layout reduce a wide variety of existing single designs of cutting and cutting-rotary bits to an integrated structure, which will significantly improve the economics of drilling operations.

As a result, a solution is achieved of the task of increasing the efficiency of drilling operations by an integral criterion - the cost of drilling 1 m of a well, which is reduced by many of the factors noted (both at the manufacturing stage and at the operational stage), as well as the task of expanding the area of rational use of the bit by the properties of the mining rocks and borehole diameter.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, which depict:

figure 1 - drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons, equipped with four gear-disk cones;

figure 2 - section a - a figure 1;

figure 3 - drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons, equipped with removable cutters with a solid cutting edge;

figure 4 is a view B of figure 3;

figure 5 - drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons, equipped with removable cutters with an intermittent cutting edge;

in Fig.6 is a view In Fig 5;

7 is a drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons, equipped with a removable cutting body with a three-stage cutting edge, mounted directly in the grooves of the body;

in Fig.8 is a view G of Fig.7;

figure 9 - drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons, equipped with an adapter with a console and removable cutters when drilling wells of increased diameter;

figure 10 is a view D of figure 9;

11 is a diagram of a four-beam adapter for a four-groove design of a removable housing;

in Fig.12 is a diagram of a three-beam adapter for a three-slot design of a removable housing;

on Fig - option mounting removable cutters in a removable tool holder;

on Fig - view E of Fig. 13.

The claimed drill bit contains (FIGS. 1 and 2) a removable housing 1 with purge channels 2, ribs 3 and grooves 4 between them. The grooves 4 are placed on the interchangeable housing 1 crosswise and symmetrically in mutually perpendicular diametrical planes and in them, when drilling hard rock (f = 8-10), four gear-disk cones 5 are installed that rotate freely on the axes 6 fixed in the holes 7 of the ribs 3 of the interchangeable of the casing 1. The gear-wheel cones 5 are reinforced with carbide pins 8. On the replaceable casing 1, with the help of a threaded sleeve 9, a replaceable shank 10 with a hollow nipple 11 is fixed. When drilling medium-sized rocks (f = 6-8) and below average strength (f = 4 -6) into the groove space 4 between the ribs Ami 3 instead of gear-disk cones 5 installed (Figs. 3 and 4) four-beam (for a four-groove housing design) adapters 12 of a rectangular U-shaped profile, into which interchangeable tool holders 13 are inserted, equipped with removable cutters 14 with various shapes of carbide heads and shanks, angles of inclination to the axis of the well, elevations (excess relative to each other) and location patterns in a replaceable tool holder 13 depending on the diameter of the bit and the conditions of the upcoming drilling. For example, when drilling dry rocks below the average strength (f = 4-6), replaceable core cutters 14 (Figs. 3 and 4) are installed on the bit body in replaceable toolholders 13, parallel to the axis of the well and forming a solid cutting edge in each beam of the adapter 12, wherein the heads 15 of removable cutters 14 are reinforced with carbide inserts 16 with a flat shape. When drilling medium-strength rocks (f = 6-8), when it is advisable to reduce the energy consumption of rock destruction and the contact area of the teeth with the face, removable cutters 14 (for example, serial type RK-8B from roadheaders) with conical or cylindrical holders 17, the heads 18 of which are reinforced with carbide plates 19 of a rounded shape, and removable cutters 14 are arranged at intervals (to reduce the line of contact of weapons with the bottom), tilted to the axis of the well and sequential excess of 8-1 0 mm from each other, based on the continuous scheme of processing stepwise bottom (to reduce the energy consumption of drilling and wear of the cutters). When drilling on coal and soft rock (f = 2-4), when the torque on the bit is not large and removable cutters 14 easily penetrate the rock, replaceable toolholders 13 are installed directly in the grooves 4 of the housing 1 (Figs. 7 and 8) and are equipped removable cutting bodies 20 with a three-stage cutting edge reinforced with carbide inserts 16 with a flat shape and forming a stepped bottom face.

If it is necessary to drill a well with an increased diameter, for example, 269.9 mm (standard) with a base diameter of 244.5 mm, an adapter 12 with a console 21 is installed (Fig. 9) on the removable housing 1, and peripheral (calibrating) cutters 22 (Fig. .10) reinforced with a pair of carbide pins 23, the same as the pins 8 of the gear-wheel cones 5 (FIG. 2).

Such reinforcement reinforcement is associated with an increase in cutting speeds due to an increase in drilling diameter. In all versions of the variable armament of the bit, the fastening to the replaceable case 1 of the adapter 12, replaceable toolholders 13 with removable cutters 14 is made using the same axes 6 as for fastening the gear-disk cones 5 (Fig. 1). The four-beam adapter 12 (Fig. 11) for the four-groove design of the replaceable housing and the three-beam adapter 24 (Fig. 12) for the three-groove design of the replaceable housing have the same U-shaped profile. The removable cutters 14 are fixed in interchangeable toolholders 13 (Fig. 4) by known methods, for example, locking bars, thrust rollers. Removable cutters 14 with conical holders (shanks) 17 (Fig. 5) are held in the nests of replaceable toolholders 13 (Fig. 6) due to friction forces. One of the mounting options involves holding a pair of incisors 25 and 26 (Fig. 13) directly by the axis 6, and the adjacent extreme incisors 27 and 28 due to the grooves 29 and 30 in the shanks of the removable incisors 14 (Figs. 13 and 14). For drilling wells with auger cleaning, the bit is equipped with a replaceable shank 10, which is attached to the rod using a finger 31 (figure 5).

A method of using the proposed drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons is as follows. When drilling holes in hard rocks (f = 8-10) on a removable casing 1 bits mounted gear-roller cones 5 (Fig.1 and 2) on the axes 6, fixed in the holes 7 of the ribs 3. When drilling holes in the rocks below average strength and high humidity (f = 4-6) instead of gear-disk cones 5, an adapter 12 (Figs. 3 and 4) is installed in the groove space 4 of the replaceable housing 1, into which replaceable tool holders 13 are mounted, equipped with removable cutters 14 parallel to the well axis and reinforced carbide plates 16 of non-rounded (flat) shape. When drilling in dry rocks below the average strength (f = 4-6), a three-groove replaceable body is installed on the bit, which is equipped with a three-beam adapter 24 and replaceable toolholders 13 with removable cutters 14.

When drilling holes in the rocks of medium strength (f = 6-8) in removable toolholders 13 of the replaceable housing 1 set (Figs. 5 and 6) removable cutters 14 of the type RK-8B with conical holders 17, the head 18 of which is reinforced with carbide inserts 19 of a rounded shape moreover, removable cutters 14 are arranged at intervals, inclined to the axis of the well and stepwise (with successive excess of 8-10 mm from each other) in the calculation of the continuous scheme of processing stepwise bottomhole. When drilling holes for coal and soft rocks (f = 2-4), replaceable toolholders 13 are installed directly in the grooves 4 of the replaceable housing 1 (Fig. 7) and equipped with removable cutting bodies 20 (Fig. 8) with a three-stage cutting edge reinforced with hard plates stepped form and bottom hole formation.

If it is necessary to drill wells of increased diameter, for example, 269.9 mm with a base diameter of 244.5 mm, an adapter 12 with a console 21 (Fig. 10) is installed on the replaceable housing 1 (Fig. 9). At the same time, on the periphery of the beams of the adapter 12, calibrating cutters 22 are mounted, reinforced with a pair of carbide pins 23, the same as the pins 8 of the gear-wheel cones 5.

For drilling wells with pneumatic cleaning (for example, on the SBSh-250-MNA machine), a replaceable shank 10 is installed on the drill bit, which is connected to the drill rod using a hollow nipple 11 with a tapered thread (Fig. 1). For drilling wells with screw cleaning (for example, on machines 2SBR-125-30, SVB-2M, BTS-150), a replaceable shank 10 is installed on the drill bit, which is attached to the drill rod using a hollow nipple 11 and pin 31 (Fig. 5 )

Thus, the proposed bit allows, depending on the drilling conditions, to establish various types of rock-cutting weapons (cone and various cutter types), and not only removable cutting elements of the same type, and at the same time change the diameter of the borehole on one body. This means a significant expansion of the technological capabilities of the bit. The technology of manufacturing, assembly, repair and restoration of bits is simplified, their cost is reduced. In general, the efficiency of drilling operations, estimated by the integral criterion of the cost of drilling a unit length of a well, is increased. It should be noted that the described implementations of variable bit armament demonstrate the approximate technical and technological capabilities of the proposed bit, thanks to the principles of construction laid down in its creation, but do not exhaust all of its capabilities. Specific armament schemes for the body of the proposed bit can be supplemented as geometrical parameters of rock cutting elements (cutters and cutters) are improved, the shapes of their cutting parts (cutter heads and cutter teeth), location patterns of cutters relative to the body and bottom of the well.

Claims (4)

1. A drill bit with variable rock cutting weapons, comprising a housing with ribs, on which rock cutting weapons are located, characterized in that the housing is replaceable, of four or three groove designs, and when drilling hard rocks, four gear-wheel cutters are mounted on the axes thereof in grooves placed between the ribs crosswise and symmetrically in mutually perpendicular diametrical planes, and when drilling rocks of medium and below average strength in the space of grooves between the ribs are installed Three-beam or three-beam adapters of a rectangular U-shaped profile, in which replaceable tool holders are equipped, equipped with removable cutters with various shapes of carbide heads and shanks, tilt angles to the axis of the well, elevations and location patterns in a replaceable tool holder, depending on the diameter of the bit and the mining geological conditions of the upcoming drilling, while attaching to the removable adapter housing and replaceable toolholders with removable cutters is made using the same axes as for the stronger Ia toothed disk bits, all elements of the alternating arms are made removable disassembled. 2. The bit according to claim 1, characterized in that when drilling on coal and soft rocks, replaceable tool holders equipped with removable cutters are placed and fixed directly in the grooves of the replaceable body. 3. The bit according to claim 1, characterized in that for drilling by cutting wells of increased diameter, the replaceable body is equipped with an adapter with a console, and peripheral removable cutters are reinforced with a pair of carbide pins. 4. The bit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an interchangeable shank equipped with a hollow nipple either with a tapered thread for connection to the drill rod when drilling wells with pneumatic cleaning, or with a hole and a finger for connection to the drill rod when drilling wells with screw cleaning.

Images