RU2248840C2 - Membranous apparatus for separation of mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering industry; food industry, chemical and other industries.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with the field of devices for separation of mixed fluids into two fractions by methods of micro-, ultra-, nano-filtration and a hyper-filtration and reverse osmosis and may be used in engineering industry, food, chemical and other industries. The membranous apparatus consists of a pack of the rectangular plain frame shape filtering elements tightened between two metal flanges. The flanges have unions for feeding an initial liquid in and for a withdrawal of products of separation. The filtering element contains a supporting plate and a diaphragm enveloping a working section of the plate from both sides. Between the filtering elements there are elastic spacers made in the form of a frame. The supporting plates are fixed in respect to each other, to the spacers, to the diaphragm and the flange by a system of bores and ledges. The technical result is provision of a continuity and a persistence of a pressure in a stream of an initial liquid on the whole way of its traffic in the apparatus at the expense of the elastic spacers made with a decreasing width with the given regularity, that ensures the more intensive cleansing of the diaphragms and increased quality and efficiency of separation of mixtures.

EFFECT: the invention ensures continuity and a persistence of a pressure in a stream of an initial liquid through the whole its way, intensive cleansing of diaphragms, increased quality and efficiency of separation of mixtures.

3 dwg

Description

The membrane apparatus refers to devices for separating liquid mixtures into two fractions using micro-, ultra-, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis methods and can be used in mechanical engineering, food, chemical and other industries.

A known membrane apparatus containing two load-bearing flanges with fittings for introducing the initial mixture and outputting separation products, support plates, semipermeable membranes and sealing elements (1).

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the complexity of the design and the increasing complexity of the manufacture of support plates on which curved channels are made in the form of concentric circles. In addition, part of the membrane is not involved in the filtration, since it is blocked by adjacent plates, and the curvature of the flow requires a significant increase in the power of the pump (blower).

Closest to the proposed one is a membrane apparatus with flat rectangular filtering elements, containing two supporting flanges with fittings for introducing the initial mixture and outputting the separation products and the package of elastic spacers located between them, made in the form of frames overlapping membranes along all edges and filtering elements each of which contains a support plate with a transfer hole and a semipermeable membrane passing through the transfer hole and covering the support plate with two hundred ron.

The transfer openings of two adjacent filtering elements are located opposite one another, which ensures a consistent movement of the processed mixture through all filtering elements (2).

The main disadvantage of this apparatus is that with a constant flow cross section for the flow of the initial fluid, which is determined by the constant thickness of the elastic gaskets, the density and pressure of the initial fluid decrease as it moves to the outlet, due to the outflow of the filtrate, the concentration polarization increases and, as a result , decreases the overall yield of the filtrate.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the intensity of liquid separation.

The goal is achieved in that in a membrane apparatus containing two load-bearing flanges with fittings for introducing the initial mixture and withdrawing the separation products and a package of elastic spacers located between them, made in the form of frames overlapping the membranes along all edges, and filter elements, each of which contains a base plate with a transfer hole and a semi-permeable membrane, the passage size for the mixture to be processed in the filter elements is made of various sizes: the movement of the processed mixture passes The battery-section decreases at a certain regularity, which ensures the continuity and constancy of the pressure in the flow and reduces the concentration polarity, and hence the effective cleaning of membranes and improving the quality and performance of the separation mixture.

The change in the flow cross sections is due to the fact that the thickness of each elastic strip is less than the thickness of the previous one by the amount of:

Δh = K · h / n,

where K is a value equal to the ratio of the volume of the emitted filtrate per unit time to the volume of the treated mixture supplied to the apparatus for the same unit of time;

h is the thickness of the elastic strip, the first at the input of the processed mixture into the apparatus;

n is the number of filter elements in the membrane apparatus.

Figure 1 shows the assembled membrane apparatus, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a top view of the base plate along aa in figure 1 (the membrane is shown in dotted lines, part of the upstream plate falling into the section is not shown); figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2, shows the collector of the filtrate.

The membrane apparatus comprises a flange 4 with a fitting 1, a flange 7 with fittings 8 and 9, elastic gaskets 5, filter elements consisting of a support plate 2 and a membrane 3, covering the working part of the plate on both sides, and additional elastic clamps of the membrane 12 having a thickness equal to the thickness of the base plate.

Support plates, elastic gaskets and membranes are fixed between each other by holes 6 in the plate, gasket and membrane and protrusions 10 on the plate (Figs. 1, 2), which increases the rigidity of the apparatus and ensures the absence of shear and creasing on the membrane during assembly and during operation . The first and last plates are fixed on flanges having blind holes.

The membrane apparatus operates as follows: the mixture to be treated (liquid) to be separated is supplied under a certain pressure to the inlet fitting 1, passes through all filter elements in series and leaves the nozzle 8 in the form of concentrate. During passage in the apparatus under the influence of a pressure gradient, a part of the mixture (filtrate) penetrates through the semipermeable membrane 3 and along the triangular grooves on the “working” surfaces of the support plates through the slots 13 and is collected in the filtrate collection manifold 14. The filtrate leaves the collector through the nozzle 9. Quantity filter elements and their working area is determined depending on the required performance of the membrane apparatus.

Sources of information

1. RF patent 2194566, 01 D 63/08, 2000

2. Copyright certificate of the USSR 680220, 01 D 13/00, 1983

Claims (1)

A membrane apparatus for separating mixtures, containing two bearing flanges with fittings for introducing the initial mixture and outputting the separation products and a packet of elastic gaskets between them, made in the form of frames overlapping the membranes along all edges, and filter elements, each of which contains a support plate with a transfer hole and a semi-permeable membrane, characterized in that the thickness of each elastic strip is less than the thickness of the previous one by an amount Δh = K · h / n where K is a value equal to the ratio of the volume of the emitted filtrate per unit time to the volume of the treated mixture supplied to the apparatus for the same unit of time; h is the thickness of the elastic strip, the first at the input of the processed mixture into the apparatus; n is the number of filter elements in the membrane apparatus.

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