RU2248464C1 - Wind power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for generation of electric energy using kinetic energy of wind. Proposed wind power plant contains vertical shaft with stops arranged in vertical support and two pairs of rotary blades horizontally installed on shaft. Rotary flies are arranged in cross-like manner one over the other. Blades of each pair are secured with rotary fly in relatively perpendicular planes with displacement of central axis of blade relative to axis of rotary fly. Each blade is furnished with counterweight balancing its rotation moment relative to axis of rotation. Each rotary fly consists of two rotary horizontal shafts installed on axle of rotation with space between shaft ends. Ends of shafts are connected by flexible tie, for instance, coil spring, enclosing ends of horizontal shaft. Ends of shafts are enclosed by horizontal cylinder fixed relative to vertical shaft. Each end of horizontal shaft is connected with cylinder by pair of bearings shifted along axle, and stops relative to vertical shaft and counterweights with repelling members relative to rotary horizontal shaft of fly are installed so that interaction of stop and repelling member takes place when blade of horizontal shaft of fly is in horizontal plane.

EFFECT: improved mechanical reliability of plane, prevention of rise of speed of rotation at heavy gust of wind.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of energy and is intended to produce electrical energy due to the kinetic energy of the wind.

A wind power installation is known, which comprises a wind wheel mounted on a vertical shaft with flails, on the periphery of which there are folding rectangular blades equipped with limiters made in the form of flexible connections, some ends of which are connected with T-shaped uprights located on the periphery of the wings, and others with corresponding vertical blades [1].

The blades, deployed on the windward side, absorb wind energy, and the wind wheel begins to rotate, transmitting rotation to the generator. Blades directed at an acute angle to the air flow reduce their streamlined surface and do not interfere with the rotation of the wind wheel. However, the folding blades do not have the necessary reliability and produce significant noise when folding and unfolding.

A wind power installation is known comprising flat blades placed on horizontal axes of rotation mounted radially on a vertical shaft, horizontally placed supports radially mounted above and / or below the horizontal axes on the shaft in the plane of their location at distances smaller than the size of the blades from the horizontal axes. In this case, the horizontal axis is fixed on the blades above their central part [2].

However, in this installation, horizontally placed stops, which are part of the frame of the frame, experience wind loads that bend the installation.

Frames rotating against the wind create an additional braking torque, which reduces the power of the wind power installation.

A wind power installation is also known, containing a vertical shaft located in a vertical support and horizontally mounted on it two pairs of main rotary blades with stops and crosswise arranged flaws [3].

In this installation, when the air flow acts on the rotary blades, due to their rigid attachment to the swings, one of each pair of blades, turning under the influence of the air flow, reaches the stops, and the opposite blade at this time occupies a position along the air flow. In this case, the air flow acting on the surface of the rotary blades, which reached the stops, creates a torque, under the influence of which the upper part of the vertical shaft rotates, and from it the generator.

However, in this wind power installation, a significant part of the wind energy is spent irrationally, which leads to a decrease in the generator power. The fact is that the rotation of the blades around the axis of the rotary swing under the action of the air flow occurs due to the displacement of the central axis of the blade relative to the axis of the swing. The air flow acting on the wide part of the blade relative to the axis of the Mach is larger than the air flow acting on the narrow part of the blade, which leads to the rotation of the blade. Obviously, the mass of the wide and narrow parts of the blades is not the same.

Due to the displacement of the axis of the blade, and hence the center of gravity relative to the axis of the Mach, for a pair of opposite blades there is a state of stable equilibrium in the absence of wind. The moment of the center of gravity of the pair of blades must be overcome by air flow, so that the blades begin to move. Thus, part of the air flow is spent on overcoming the moment of the center of gravity, which reduces the torque that is transmitted to the generator. In addition, in the known installation, part of the air flow is spent on turning the blades in the position necessary for interaction with the air flow: one blade is across, and the opposite along the stream.

The closest in technical essence of the invention is a wind power installation comprising a vertical shaft located in a vertical support and horizontally mounted on it two pairs of blades with stops and crosswise mounted one above the other with swinging arms, the blades of each pair being fixed with a swinging swing in mutually perpendicular planes with displacement of the central axis of the blade relative to the axis of the rotary swing. Each blade is equipped with a counterbalancing moment of its rotation relative to the axis of the rotary swing counterweight with a repulsive element mounted on the swing adjacent to the main vertical shaft with the possibility of interaction with a stop containing a permanent magnet, and the outer edge of the blade is made with bending of the sides relative to the axis of the rotary swing in opposite directions [4].

In this wind power installation, each blade is balanced against the axis of the rotary shaft by a counterweight. This eliminates the braking moment due to the presence of the moment of gravity of the rotary swing, and increases the rotation power transmitted to the generator. Reducing the braking torque is the placement of the counterweight near the vertical shaft. In this installation, the counterweight, in addition to balancing the moment relative to the axis of the rotary shaft, also performs the function of interacting with the stop, ensuring the transmission of power moment to the vertical shaft.

However, with strong gusts of wind, this installation may fail. This is due to the fact that all its elements have a rigid connection with each other. In particular, during the interaction of the stop with the repulsive element between them, as well as in the section where the flywheel and the blade connect, mechanical stresses can occur during a strong wind flow, leading to breakage in these places. If these sections are mechanically strengthened so that they can withstand everything, even stormy winds, then such a wind power installation will have a large cost, weight, material consumption, inertia, which will make it ineffective.

In addition, the rigidity of the structure leads to the fact that with strong gusts of wind, the blades with blades begin to rotate too quickly around the vertical shaft, which is also undesirable, because it leads to rapid mechanical wear of the rotating elements, a decrease in the service life, and also to an increased frequency of voltage produced an electric generator connected to the shaft.

The aim of the invention is to increase the mechanical reliability of the installation and the prevention of an increase in the frequency of rotation with strong gusts of wind.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that the wind power installation containing a vertical shaft located in a vertical support with stops and horizontally mounted on it two pairs of blades and crosswise mounted one above the other with swinging arms, and the blades of each pair are fixed with a swinging swing in mutually perpendicular planes with by displacing the central axis of the blade relative to the axis of the rotary mach, each blade is equipped with a balancing moment of its rotation relative to the axis of the rotary mach a tive-weight with a push-off element mounted on a swing adjacent to a vertical shaft with the possibility of interacting with a stop, each rotary swing consists of two rotary horizontal shafts mounted on the same axis with a gap between their ends interconnected by a flexible connection and covered by a horizontal horizontal relative to the vertical shaft a cylinder, and each end of the horizontal shaft is connected to the cylinder by a pair of longitudinally shifted bearings, and the stops relative to the vertical shaft and the counterweight with elements repulsion relative rotary horizontal shaft mounted swing so that the interaction of the stop member and the repulsive performed when the blade shaft horizontal swing in the horizontal plane.

In addition, a flexible connection between the ends of the horizontal rolls of the swing is made in the form of a cylindrical spring, covering the ends of the horizontal shafts on the outer surface.

In the proposed wind power installation, when the gusts of wind exceed the nominal speed, the damping of mechanical loads is automatically carried out due to the flexible connection between the ends of the horizontal shaft of the swing. In this case, a vertically located blade rotates around the axis of the horizontal swing shaft in the wind direction, and the area of the blade affected by the wind decreases. As a result of this, the turning moment and the rotation speed of the swing relative to the vertical shaft are reduced, which does not lead to its mechanical overload.

Figure 1 schematically shows a General view of a wind power installation, which is affected by the wind (its direction is shown by arrows), not exceeding the permissible speed;

figure 2 is a General view of a wind power plant, which acts on the wind, exceeding the permissible speed;

figure 3 is a view aa in figure 1.

The wind power installation comprises a vertical shaft 2 located in the vertical support 1 with stops 3 and two pairs of rotary blades 4, 5 and 6, 7 horizontally mounted on it. The rotary wings 8 and 9 are placed crosswise one above the other, with the blades 4 and 5 with a swing 8 and the blades 6 and 7 with a swing 9 are fixed in mutually perpendicular planes with a displacement of the central axis of the blade relative to the axis of the rotary swing. Due to this, each blade, for example 4, has two parts 4a with a smaller area and 4b with a larger area relative to the axis of rotation 10. Each blade is equipped with a counterweight 11, balancing the moment of its rotation relative to the axis of rotation 10. The counterweights 11 are equipped with repulsive elements, for example, permanent magnets (not shown) inserted in the middle of the counterweights, and placed with the possibility of interaction with the stops 3, which also have permanent magnets of opposite polarity. The counterweights are fixed on the swing adjacent to the vertical shaft 2. Each swing swing consists of two horizontal rotary shafts 12 and 13 mounted on the axis of rotation 10 with a gap 14 between their ends, respectively 15 and 16. The ends of the shafts 12 and 13 are connected by a flexible connection for example, a cylindrical spring 17, covering the ends 15 and 16 of the horizontal shafts 12 and 13. The ends of the shafts 12 and 13 are surrounded by a horizontal cylinder 18, fixed relative to the vertical shaft 2. Each end of the horizontal shaft is connected to the cylinder 18 by a pair of bearings 19, shifted along axis 10.

The stops 3 relative to the vertical shaft 2 and the counterweights 11 with the repulsive elements relative to the rotary horizontal shaft, for example 13, are installed so that the interaction, for example, the contact, the stop 3 and the repulsive element of the counterweight 11 is carried out when the blade 5 of the horizontal shaft of the fly 8 in the horizontal plane. A rotary shaft 2 mounted vertically to the support 1 in the end hub 20 is connected to an electric generator of a wind power installation (not shown).

A wind power plant works this way.

In the absence of air flow, the blades with counterweights are in a state of unconditional equilibrium with respect to the Mach axis. The vertical shaft does not rotate. When the wind appears, the blade 4 takes a transverse position, and the blade 5 - along the direction of the wind, turning max 8 around its axis 10 (figure 1). The rotation of the blade 4 around the axis 10 under the action of wind occurs due to the difference in the planes of the two parts 4a and 4b. Due to the connection of the shafts 12 and 13, carried out using a coil spring 17, when turning around the axis 10, the blades 5 rotate in the same direction. The stop 3 is prevented by a further stop 3, against which the counterweight 11 rests. When the counterweight 11 is in contact with the stop 3 Between their permanent magnets, an electromagnetic repulsive force arises, which makes it possible to soften or avoid mechanical shock and reduce the noise generated in this case. Due to the difference in the force of the wind acting on the horizontally located blade 5 and on the vertical blade 4, a moment appears, and the vertical shaft 2 drives the electric generator through the hub 20.

In stormy weather, if the air flow exceeds a critical value, the wind turbine continues to perform its functions (figure 2). Moreover, due to the large force acting on the vertically located blade 4, it carries out a further rotation (shown by a solid line) around axis 10, although the blade 5, streamlined by the air flow, is in the horizontal plane, since the counterweight 11 abuts against the stop 3. Further the rotation of the blade 4 occurs with the mutual rotation of the shafts 12 and 13 due to the tension of the cylindrical spring 17. The greater the gale force, the more the spring 17 will strain and the blade 4 will rotate around the axis 10. With this rotation I the effective area of the blade 4 to the wind and the force of the wind acting on it decreases and therefore the torque Mach 8. Decrease torque in turn reduces the rotational speed of the shaft 2, hold within permissible limits the speed.

By choosing the stiffness of the spring 17, the mutual inclination of the blade 4 relative to the blade 5 can be adjusted in accordance with the strength of the region's storm winds.

The proposed model wind power installation was manufactured, experimentally tested and showed good results.

Sources of information

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2059877, INC 6 F 03 D 1/00. Publ. 05/10/96, Bull. No. 13.

2. Application for US Pat. RF №94031431, MKI 6 F 03 D 3/00. Publ. 06/20/96, Bull. Number 17.

3. A.S. USSR No. 1746054, MKI F 03 D 3/06. Publ. 07/07/92, bull. Number 25.

4. Patent of Ukraine No. 31757 A, MKI F 03 D 3/00. Publ. 12/15/2000, Bull. No. 7-11 (prototype).

Claims (2)

1. A wind power installation comprising a vertical shaft located in a vertical support with stops and two pairs of blades horizontally mounted on it with rotary arms arranged crosswise one above the other, the blades of each pair being fixed with a rotary swing in mutually perpendicular planes with the central axis of the blades shifted relative to the axis swivel swing, each blade is equipped with a balancing moment of its rotation relative to the axis of the swivel swing counterweight with a repulsive element, fixed on the swing is adjacent to the vertical shaft with the possibility of interaction with the stop, characterized in that each rotary swing consists of two rotary horizontal shafts mounted on the same axis with a gap between their ends interconnected by a flexible connection and covered by a horizontal cylinder fixed relative to the vertical shaft moreover, each end of the horizontal shaft is connected to the cylinder by a pair of longitudinally shifted bearings, and the stops relative to the vertical shaft and counterweights with repulsive elements tions relative to the horizontal rotary shaft swing set so that the interaction and abutment element repulsion is performed when the blade shaft horizontal swing in the horizontal plane. 2. Wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible connection between the ends of the horizontal shaft of the swing made in the form of a cylindrical spring, covering the ends of the horizontal shaft on the outer surface.

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