RU2247860C1 - Windmill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in wind power plants of different power rating. Proposed windmill contains cylindrical head which is coupled with shaft through sliding and support members. Mounted on shaft of windmill are at least two wind wheels of different diameter with even or odd number of different-length rotary blades, module generator with housing, wind wheel speed synchronizer, device for aiming at wind, conical nut, sealing arrangement, protection hood and turning device. The latter is arranged in front part of cylindrical head and is made in form of bushing which is connected with support plate of stationary tower through sliding and support members. Each wind wheel contains even or odd number of blades of different length combined into working sectors, each provided with at least one blade. Minimum distance between wind wheels with rotary blades should be not less half of diameter of wind wheel with rotary blades arranged behind generator. Wind wheels with rotary blades should be installed on shaft in order of increase of diameters with possibility of axial displacement.

EFFECT: increased capacity of windmill, reduced coast of production.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to wind energy, in particular to wind engines, and is intended for use in wind power plants of various capacities.

A Belashov screw is known, comprising a shaft with a hollow sleeve, an optimal rotation synchronization mechanism located in the inner cavity of the sleeve, and rotary blades with axes mounted by hinges fixed in the sleeve and kinematically connected via a synchronization mechanism with the drive shaft, where each blade is equipped with an installed in its end part, a streamlined guide feather with an internal cavity, an axis of rotation fixed in the cavity, and a spring-loaded streamlined self-regulating flap. See RF Patent No. 2046996, F 03 D 7/00 - analogue.

Known wind turbine containing a fixed tower, a head with an even or odd number of wind wheels of various diameters with rotary blades arranged in increasing diameter and rolling elements. See USSR Author's Certificate No. 1078120, F 03 D 1/00 - prototype.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of wind engines and reduce the cost of their production. To do this, provide and convincingly prove information confirming the possibility of implementing this invention by deriving mathematical expressions in formulas and graphs:

- determining the total distance of the path of the air flow of the wind,

- determining the kinematic viscosity of the air flow of the wind,

- determining the maximum force of the air stream of the wind flow,

- determining the maximum work of the air flow of the wind,

- determining the maximum power of the air flow of the wind,

- determining the effective operation of the wind engine,

- determining the effective power of the wind engine,

- determining the utilization of the screw without load,

- determining the utilization of the screw under load.

- determining the number of idle speed of the wind engine,

- determination of the work force of the wind turbine jet,

- determining the number of revolutions of a wind turbine operating without a generator load,

- determining the number of revolutions of a wind turbine operating with a generator load.

This goal is achieved in that the wind turbine, comprising a fixed tower, a head with an even or odd number of wind wheels of various diameters with rotary blades arranged in increasing order of diameters and rolling elements, has at least two wind wheels with rotary blades, two sealing devices, a generator, a mechanism for synchronizing revolutions of a wind wheel and a device for orienting to the wind located on one shaft and connected through cylindrical and supporting elements to a cylindrical th head, which includes a flare nut, a generator housing, a protective casing and a rotary device located in the front of the cylindrical head and made in the form of a sleeve, which is connected with a supporting washer of a fixed tower by means of sliding and supporting elements, and each wind wheel contains rotary blades of various lengths, combined into working sectors, where each working sector has at least one rotary blade, the distance between the wind wheels with rotary blades is not less than its half diameter from the wind wheel located behind the generator, the blades of which are equipped with an aerodynamic protrusion having a streamlined profile, while the sealing devices are located in the generator housing and inside the conical nut of the cylindrical head, the synchronization mechanism of the wind wheel speed is made in the form of a binder and a rotary-return devices, and the electrical wiring from the generator passes through the channel of the internal cavity of the cylindrical head and the passage of the sleeve into the fixed base of the tower.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a wind turbine.

Figure 2 shows a multi-sector wind wheel with rotary blades.

Figure 3 shows a wind turbine with two rotary blades of the wind wheel 5 and two rotary blades of the wind wheel 9.

Figure 4 shows the mechanism for synchronizing the speed of the wind wheel.

Figure 5 shows a graph of the maximum operation of the jet of wind air flow, which has a diameter of two meters.

Figure 6 shows a table of the maximum operation and power of the wind air flow at 20 ° C and normal atmospheric pressure.

Figure 7 shows graphs of the utilization rate of a screw, a wind engine with a different number of rotary blades having different masses.

On Fig shows a comparative graph of the maximum and effective power of a wind turbine, consisting of one and two wind wheels.

The wind engine, figure 1, contains a shaft 1, which through the rolling elements 2 and the rolling elements 3 interacts with the cylindrical head 4. On one base of the shaft 1 for the transmission of torque to the rotary blades of the wind wheel 5 is installed key connection 6. The threaded connection 7 serves for fixing the wind wheel 5 with a taper nut 8. On the other base of the shaft 1 for the transmission of torque to the rotary blades of the wind wheel 9, a key connection 10 is installed, and for transmitting torque to the generator 11 the key connection 12 has been made. The threaded connection 13 is used to fix the rotary blades of the wind wheel 9 with the slotted nut 14. The threaded connection 15 is used to fix the wind orientation device, which is made in the form of stiffness 16 and the hollow cone 17. Using rolling elements 18, the generator 11 is installed in the housing 19, which is rigidly fixed to the cylindrical sleeve 4. Using the fastening elements 20, a flange 21 is installed in the housing 19. The support bearing 22 is located between the flange and the sleeve 23, which interact t with rolling elements 3. On the outer side of the casing 19, a sealing connection 24. An inlet of the cylindrical head 4 is closed with a taper nut 25 using a threaded connection. A sealing connection 26 is installed inside the taper nut 25. The rotary blades of the wind wheel 9 are provided with an aerodynamic protrusion 27, which has a streamlined profile 28. To increase the efficiency of using a wind turbine, the number of working sectors with rotary blades of the wind wheel 5 and rotary blades of the wind wheel 9 must have an even or odd number of blades of various lengths, combined into working sectors, where each working sector has at least one blade, and the minimum distance between the wind wheels with rotary blades should be at least half the diameter of the wind wheel with rotary blades located behind the generator. A sleeve 29 and a casing 30 are rigidly mounted on the cylindrical head 4. The sleeve 29 interacts with the fixed tower 33 using rolling elements 31 and rolling elements 32. A support washer 34 is installed inside the fixed tower 33, which is connected to the sleeve 29 through the rolling support elements 35. Electrical wires from the generator 11 pass through the channel 36, the inner cavity of the cylindrical head 4, through the passage 37 of the sleeve 29 into the fixed base of the tower 33. The multi-sector wind wheel, figure 2, with rotary blades contains a working sector 38, which 8 is the rotary blades, the working section 39 which has four rotary blades, working sector 40 which has two rotary blades. Moreover, any wind wheel may contain an even or odd number of working sectors having an even or odd number of rotary blades, but each working sector 41 must have at least one rotary blade 42. The wind engine, figure 3, contains a wind wheel 9, which has an even or an odd number of blades, for example two blades, and a wind wheel 5, which has an even or odd number of blades, for example two blades, must have different diameters. For reliable and stable operation of the wind engine, the diameter of the wind wheel 9 should exceed the diameter of the wind wheel 5, item 43, by 10-25%. The mechanism for synchronizing the revolutions of the wind wheel is made in the form of a connecting and rotary-return device, Fig.4. The connecting device comprises a bolt 44, which through the spring 45 interacts with the thrust washer 46 and the locking device 47. The rotary-return device of the wind wheel 5 and the wind wheel 9 contains a hinge 48 located on the supporting sleeve 49, which interacts with the spring 46 and the bolt 44 with swivel blade.

Depending on the speed of the wind flow, it is necessary to choose the type of wind wheel that contains an even or odd number of rotary blades and working sectors, correctly determine the maximum and effective power of the air stream of the wind flow, the utilization of the wind wheel with and without load.

There was a need to adjust the mathematical formulas that are used in wind energy, hydrodynamics and aircraft construction, according to

- determination of the total distance of the air flow path of the wind,

- determination of the kinematic viscosity of the air flow of the wind,

- determining the maximum force of the air stream of the wind,

- determining the maximum work of the air flow of the wind,

- determining the maximum power of the air flow of the wind,

- determining the effective operation of the wind engine,

- determination of the effective power of the wind engine,

- determining the utilization of the screw without load,

- determining the utilization of the screw under load,

- determining the number of idle speed of the wind engine,

- determination of the work force of the wind turbine jet,

- determining the number of revolutions of a wind turbine operating without a generator load,

- determination of the number of revolutions of a wind turbine operating with a generator load.

For clarity, we define the maximum work of the air stream of the wind flow, having a diameter of 2 meters, which moves a distance of 8 meters

And max = F · L,

Where

F is the force of the air flow of the wind, N;

L is the distance traveled, m;

And max - the maximum work of the air flow of the wind, N · m.

Define the area of the circle of the working stream of the air flow,

Where:

D is the diameter of the air stream = 2 meters,

Where:

P - 3.141592653 ...... (ratio of circumference to diameter);

S is the area of the circle, m ² ;

D is the diameter of the circle, m

From chemistry, we know that 1 liter of air at 20 ° C, normal atmospheric pressure and humidity weighs 1.293 g or 0.001293 kg.

We define the volume of air having a circle area of 3.1415926 m ² and an air column height of one meter

V = S · h = 3.141592653 m ² · 1 m = 3.141592653 m ³ ,

Where:

V is the volume of the air cylinder, m ³ ;

S is the area of the circle, m ² ;

h is the height of the air column, m

Define the mass of air in 1 m ³ ,

Where:

1 liter

itr = 1 dm ³ ;

1 dm = 10 ^-3 m;

1 m ³ = 1000 dm ³ = 1000 liters;

G = 0.001293 kg1000 liters = 1.293 kg,

Where:

G is the mass of air, kg;

V - air volume in 1 m ³ or in 1000 liters.

We determine the density of air

,

,

Where:

G is the mass of air, kg;

V is the volume of air, m ³ ;

ro - air density, kg / m ³ .

Determine how many liters of air are contained in 3.14159265 m ³ ,

where: 1 m ³ = 1000 liters;

3.141592653 m ³ = X liters;

We determine the weight of air in 3141.592653 liters,

Where:

1 liter = 0.001293 kg;

3141.592653 liters X kg;

Convert air weight to Newtons,

Where:

9.80665 N = 1 kg;

X H = 4.062079300329 kg;

Knowing the maximum force of the air stream of the wind stream and the length of the path of its movement, we can determine the maximum work of the stream of air stream of the wind

A = F · L,

Where:

And - work, N · m;

F - force, N;

L - way, m

We clearly define the maximum work of the air stream of the wind flow, having a diameter of 2 meters and a height of an air column of 1 meter, which moves discretely to a distance of 8 meters.

The maximum work of the air flow of the wind, having a diameter of 2 meters and a column height of 1 meter, which moves a distance of 8 meters, = 1434.07403894056980 N · m.

In Fig.1, the set of natural numbers n, ... ... ..., which express the total distance of the entire path of the wind air flow - L,

L = n + n + n ... = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 36 m

L is the total distance of the wind air flow path, m

n is the set of natural numbers that express the distance of individual segments of the path of the air flow of wind and are included in the total distance of the segment of the path of the air flow of wind, m

We define the maximum work of a stream of wind air flow with a diameter of 2 meters, which passes the full distance of the path - 36 meters (at a wind speed of 8 m / s),

And max = F · L = 39.83538997 N · 36 m = 1434.074039209798747 N · m,

Where:

L is the path of movement of the air flow of the wind, m;

F - force of a stream of an air stream of a wind, N.

By the formula of Belashov (1), you can determine the total distance of the entire path of the air flow of the wind, m,

Where:

L is the full path of movement of the air flow of the wind, m;

n is the set of natural numbers that express the distance of individual segments of the path of the air flow of the wind and are included in the total distance of the segment of the path of the air flow of the wind, m

Using this technique, it is possible to determine the maximum work of a stream of wind air flow having a diameter of 2 meters, which passes the total distance of the path of the wind air flow - 210 m (at a wind speed of 20 m / s),

And max = FL = 39.83538997 N 210 m = 8365.4318938 ... Nm

Where:

L is the path of movement of the wind air flow, m;

F - force of a stream of an air stream of a wind, N.

Knowing the strength of the air stream, the diameter of the stream and the density of air at 20 ° C and normal atmospheric pressure, you can derive the kinematic viscosity of the air stream - B.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the air flow of the wind arrives with discrete pulses after a certain time interval - Δ t, having a discrete number of intervals - n and

Where:

F is the force of the air stream = 39.83538997 N,

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

D is the diameter of the air stream = 2 meters;

ro - air density = 1.293 kg / m ³ ;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8.

By the formula of Belashov (2), it is possible to determine the maximum force of a stream of wind air flow

(2)

Where:

F m - the maximum force of the air stream of the wind flow, N;

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

D is the diameter of the air stream, m;

ro - air density, kg / m;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8.

By the formula of Belashov (3), it is possible to determine the maximum work of an air stream jet, which passes the total distance of the wind air flow path - 210 meters (at a wind speed of 20 m / s)

(3)

Where:

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

L is the path distance of the air flow of the wind, m;

D is the diameter of the air stream, m;

ro - air density, kg / m ³ ;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8.

A max - the maximum work of the jet of air flow, N · m

Balashov's formula (3) precisely determines the maximum work of a stream of wind air flow at all speeds, see table No. 1 of figure 6 and corresponds to dimensional units of physical quantities.

The kinematic viscosity of the air flow of air per unit time, at 20 ° C and normal atmospheric pressure, (4) was derived by A.N.Belashov and corresponds to dimensional units of physical quantities

(4)

B = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 ... ... ... m ² / s.

By the Belashov formula (5), it is possible to determine the effective operation of a wind engine

(5)

Where:

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

L is the distance of the air flow of the wind, m;

D is the diameter of the air stream, m;

ro - air density, kg / m ³ ;

k n - utilization of the screw with load;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8;

And eff - the effective operation of the air stream, N · m.

From physics, we know that power is the work produced (or consumed) in one second,

Where:

A - work, N · m;

P - power, W;

t is the time, s.

By the formula of Balashov (6), you can determine the maximum power of the air flow

(6)

Where:

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

L is the distance of the air flow of the wind, m;

D is the diameter of the air stream, m;

ro - air density, kg / m ³ ;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

t is the time, s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8;

P max - the maximum power of the air stream, watts.

Using the Belashov formula (7), we can determine the effective power of a wind engine

(7)

Where:

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

L is the distance of the air flow of the wind, m;

D is the diameter of the air stream, m;

po is the density of air, kg / m ³ ;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

t is the time, s;

k n - utilization of the screw with load;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8;

P eff - effective power of the air stream, W

Using the Belashov formula (8), it is possible to determine the utilization of a screw with a load

(8)

Where

B - kinematic viscosity of air per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

L is the distance of the air flow of the wind, m;

m is the mass of the blades of the wind engine, kg;

k n - utilization of the screw with load;

n under - the number of bearings of the wind engine;

S lop - the area of one blade of a wind engine;

n lop - the natural number of blades of a wind engine;

sin ∠ - angle of rotation of the blade;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8;

M p.voz - ventilation losses of the air, N · cm;

M p.pod - friction losses of bearings, N · cm.

A max - the maximum work of the air stream of the wind at a given speed,

For example, it is necessary to calculate the utilization of a screw made of pressed wood coated with a carbon fiber film, which has the following characteristics:

blade length - 1 m;

blade width - 0.08 m;

D - diameter of the wind engine - 2 m;

m is the mass of 3 blades of the fastening and connecting device of a wind engine - 5.0 kg;

V is the linear velocity of the air flow of the wind - 8 m / s;

L - the full path of movement of the air flow of the wind - 36 m;

Δ t is a discrete time interval of 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals - 8;

po — air density — 1.293 kg / m ³ ;

A max - maximum work of a stream of wind air flow at a speed of 8 m / s - 1434 N · m;

S lop - the area of one blade of a wind engine - 0.08 m ² ;

n lop - the number of blades of the wind engine - 3;

sin ∠ - angle of rotation of the blade 15 ° - 0.258819;

M p.voz - ventilation losses of the air - 0.6 N · cm;

M p.pod - the number of bearings of the wind engine - 2 pcs .;

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s.

Using the Belashov formula (8), we determine the utilization of a screw with a load

Figure 7 shows graphs of the utilization rate of a wind turbine screw with a different number of rotary blades having different masses:

- item 50 shows a graph of the utilization of the wind turbine screw with one rotary blade, having a mass of 1.2 kg;

- item 51 shows a graph of the utilization of the propeller of a wind turbine with two rotary blades, having a mass of 2.5 kg;

- pos.52 shows a graph of the utilization of the propeller of a wind turbine with three rotary blades, having a mass of 5 kg;

- pos. 53 shows a graph of the utilization of the propeller of a wind turbine with four rotary blades, having a mass of 6.2 kg;

- position 54 shows a graph of the utilization of the propeller of a wind turbine with six rotary blades, having a mass of 8.6 kg;

- pos. 55 shows a graph of the utilization of the screw of a wind turbine with eight rotary blades, having a mass of 11 kg;

- item 56 shows a graph of the utilization of the wind turbine screw with three rotary blades that interact with the load of the generator.

The frictional moment in rolling bearings used as bearings for the axis of a wind engine can be determined by the formula:

M bp = 0.5 · G · f · d,

Where:

G is the weight of the wind engine, kg;

f is the reduced coefficient of friction in rolling bearings;

d - shaft diameter under the bearing, m.

Ventilation energy losses in the air can be determined by the formula:

Where:

n is the rotational speed of the screw, rpm

p is the pressure of the medium in fractions of atmospheric;

L is the width of the screw, m;

D is the diameter of the screw, m;

M p.voz - ventilation losses of the air, N · cm.

By the formula of Belashov (5), we determine the effective operation of a wind turbine that passes the full distance of the wind air flow path - 36 meters (at a wind speed of 8 m / s),

According to the Belashov formula (7), we determine the effective power of a wind engine that passes the full distance of the wind air flow path - 36 meters (at a wind speed of 8 m / s),

By the Belashov formula (9), it is possible to determine the effective force of the wind air stream jet depending on the utilization of the propeller with the load

(9)

Where:

F eff is the effective force of the air stream of the wind, N;

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

D is the diameter of the air stream, m;

k n - utilization of the screw with load;

po is the density of air, kg / m ³ ;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8.

Using the formula of work, you can determine the number of revolutions of a wind engine that is under a generator load (at a wind air velocity of 8 m / s)

A = F · L = F eff · P · D · n,

Where:

L = P · D · n,

Where:

F eff is the effective force of the air stream of the wind, N;

A eff - effective air stream, N · m;

L is the path of the blades of the wind wheel, m;

P - 3.141592653 (the ratio of the circumference to its diameter);

D is the diameter of the wind wheel, m;

n is the number of revolutions of the screw under load.

Using the Belashov formula (10), it is possible to determine the coefficient of utilization of the screw without load

(10)

And eff - the effective operation of the air stream, N · m;

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

L is the distance of the air flow of the wind, m;

S lop - the area of one blade of a wind engine, m ² ;

sin ∠ - angle of rotation of the blade;

k x - coefficient of utilization of the screw without load;

m is the mass of the blades of the wind engine, kg;

Δ t is a discrete time interval of 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals - 8;

M p.voz - ventilation losses of the air, N · cm;

M p.pod - friction losses of bearings, N · cm;

n under - the number of bearings of the wind engine;

By the formula of Belashov (11), it is possible to determine the idle force of a stream of wind air flow, which freely rotates the blades of a wind engine

(eleven)

Where:

F hol - idle force of a stream of an air stream of wind, N;

B - kinematic viscosity of the air flow per unit time = 7.70212489908158646549242043365948 m ² / s;

D is the diameter of the air stream, m;

k x - coefficient of utilization of the screw without load;

ro - air density, kg / m ³ ;

Δ t is a discrete time interval = 0.125 s;

n and - the number of discrete intervals = 8.

According to the formula of work, it is possible to determine the number of idle revolutions of a screw of a wind engine that is not loaded with a generator, where the blades of the wind engine are in free rotation (at a wind speed of 8 m / s),

A = F · L · = F cold · P · D · n,

Where:

L = P · D · n,

Where:

F hol - idle force of a stream of an air stream of a wind, N;

And eff - the effective operation of the air stream, N · m;

L is the path of the blade of the wind engine, m;

P - 3.141592653 (the ratio of the circumference to its diameter);

D is the diameter of the wind wheel, m;

n is the number of revolutions of the screw rpm

If the wind engine is not loaded with a generator, then a very large centripetal force arises on the blades of the wind engine, which can be calculated by the formula:

Where:

F C - centripetal force, N;

m is the mass of the blades and the connecting device, kg;

V is the linear velocity of the measured air flow, m / s;

R is the radius of the wind engine, m

It should be borne in mind that the value of A eff includes not only the effective operation of the wind engine, but also the effective operation of the generator. The efficiency of the generator includes the efficiency of the generator as a percentage and other losses of the electrical components of the wind turbine

Where:

P 1 - power consumption of the generator, W;

P 2 - net power of the generator, W;

U is the voltage at the terminals of the generator, V;

I is the current in the load, A;

P st - power loss in steel on hysteresis and eddy currents;

P about - power loss in the windings for heating conductors;

P fur - mechanical losses due to friction in bearings;

n is the generator efficiency,

and further:

- air loss of the anchor,

- energy loss on the communication line of the generator with the consumer,

- energy loss due to reactance of the armature.

It is advisable to use Belashov modular generators for the Belashov wind engine, the stators of which are made of diamagnetic material, which

- may have a sinusoidal signal of alternating current and voltage or a rectangular pulse signal of alternating voltage and current;

- have good cooling;

- have a large area of the excitation system;

- have reliable insulation resistance;

- do not have hysteresis losses;

- have no eddy current loss.

- do not have losses on the reactance of the armature.

- the consumer can independently set and complete from individual modules any generator parameters at a given number of revolutions.

In this case, this is necessary so that the generator, without a multiplier, at 340 rpm can generate an emf power of at least 420 V.

On Fig shows a comparative graph of the maximum power of the wind flow having a diameter of 2 meters, pos.57, which is compiled according to table No. 1, Fig.6. Pos. 58 shows a graph of the effective power of a wind engine without load, which is made according to schedule 52, Fig. 7, taking into account the utilization of a screw having three rotary blades and a mass of 5 kg Pos. 59 is a graph of the effective power of a wind turbine that is loaded with a generator, taking into account the utilization of the screw shown in graph 56. Pos. 60 is a graph of a Belashov wind turbine, which has two wind wheels, each of which consists of three rotary blades.

From the graphs of the utilization of the screw of a wind engine having a different number of rotary blades, Fig.7, it is clear that wind wheels having three rotary blades, which are widely used in wind energy, are the most inefficient. When the linear velocity of the air flow is above 5 m / s, it is advisable to complete the Belashov wind engine from wind wheels, each of which is equipped with two rotary blades, Fig.3.

When the linear velocity of the air flow is less than 5 m / s or with large diameters of the wind wheel, it is advisable to complete Belashov wind engines from multi-sector wind wheels 9 with a large number of rotary blades and working sectors, Fig 2, which works as follows. With small wind flows, the speed of which is higher than one m / s, due to the pressure of the wind on all the rotary blades, the wind wheel 9 starts to rotate. With increasing wind pressure on the rotary blades of the working sector 38 increases the angular velocity of the wind wheel. The rotary blades of this sector, with a further increase in the speed of rotation of the wind wheel, gradually block the air flow of the working sector 38, which begins to make maximum use of the air flow at a given wind speed and this acceleration of the wind wheel. Air loss, i.e. unused air flow of the working sector 38 begins to gradually redistribute to the working sector 39, which begins to maximize the use of the air flow of its sector and the air losses of the air of the working sector 38. With increasing pressure on the rotary blades of the working sector 39, the angular velocity of the wind wheel increases, which gradually blocks the air the flow of the working sector 39, which begins to make maximum use of the work of the wind flow at a given wind speed and a given acceleration of the wind count esa. Air loss, i.e. unused air flow of the working sector 39 begins to be redistributed to the working sector 40, which begins to maximize the use of the air flow of its sector and the air losses of the working sector 40, the angular speed of the wind wheel increases, which gradually blocks the air flow of the working sector 40, which begins to maximize the use of the air flow at a given wind speed and a given wind wheel acceleration. Air loss, i.e. unused air flow of the working sector 40 begins to be redistributed to the working sector 41, which should have at least one rotary blade 42. To reduce the loss of wind air flow, the outer bases of the rotary blades are equipped with an aerodynamic protrusion 27, which has a streamlined profile 28. When designing a wind turbine, take into account the fact that a wind wheel with fewer rotary blades will rotate faster due to the fact that it manages to capture the air flow of a larger area. In case of large gusts of wind or other extreme situations, the mechanism for synchronizing the rotation of the wind wheel starts to work, which with the help of a connecting and rotary-return device prevents the destruction of the rotary blades of the wind wheel due to its deflection, and at the same time this device slows down the rotation of the rotary blades of the wind wheel due to , which redistributes the force of the air flow, which acts on the angular speed of rotation of the propeller of the Belashov wind engine.

The invention allows to increase the productivity of wind engines and reduce the cost of their production when using at least two wind wheels with an even or odd number of rotary blades that work in one air stream in one wind engine, as well as revise the existing mathematical formulas used now in wind energy, hydrodynamics and aircraft industry.

Reference materials:

The book "Units of physical quantities and their dimension", author L.A. Sena, Nauka Publishing House, Main Edition of Physics and Mathematics, Moscow, 1988.

The book "Wind turbines and their use in agriculture", author Fateev EM, publishing house "MashGis", 1957.

The book "Flywheel Engines", author M.V. Gulia, publishing house "Engineering", Moscow, 1976.

The book "General Chemistry", author N.L. Glinka, publishing house "Chemistry", the city of Leningrad, 1988.

The book "Physics, reference materials", author O.F. Kabardin, publishing house "Enlightenment", the city of Moscow, 1988.

Patent of the Russian Federation “Universal electric machine Belashova", No. 2118036, H 02 K 23/54, 27/24, 27/00 for 1998.

The book “Electrical Engineering with the Fundamentals of Industrial Electronics”, author V.E.Kitaev and L.S. Shlyapintokh, Higher School Publishing House, Moscow, 1973.

Claims (1)

A wind turbine comprising a fixed tower, a head with an even or odd number of wind wheels of various diameters with rotary blades arranged in increasing diameters, and rolling elements, characterized in that it contains at least two wind wheels with rotary blades, two devices seals, generator, mechanism for synchronizing wind wheel revolutions and wind orientation device located on one shaft and connected through sliding and supporting elements with a cylindrical head, incl containing a flare nut, a generator housing, a protective casing and a rotary device located in the front of the cylindrical head and made in the form of a sleeve, which is connected with a supporting washer of a fixed tower with sliding and supporting elements, each wind wheel containing rotary blades of various lengths combined into working sectors, where each working sector has at least one rotary blade, the distance between the wind wheels with rotary blades is at least half a meter of the wind wheel located behind the generator, the blades of which are equipped with an aerodynamic protrusion having a streamlined profile, while the sealing devices are located in the generator housing and inside the conical nut of the cylindrical head, the wind wheel speed synchronization mechanism is made in the form of a connecting and rotary-return device, and the electric wiring from the generator passes through the channel of the inner cavity of the cylindrical head and the passage of the sleeve into the fixed base of the tower, and the device orientation It is made in the form of stiffness and a hollow cone.

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