RU2246716C2 - Method of checking degree of wear of internal combustion engine parts operating in presence of lubricating material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; methods of testing without disassembling.

SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method, with engine operating, samples of lubricating material are taken and using method of spectral analysis concentration of such elements are ferrum, copper, tin, lead chromium is revealed and, basing of percentage of said elements characteristic of material of each part, degree of wear of each part is evaluated. For locomotive diesel engine, concentration of magnesium, nickel and molybdenum is additionally found and percentage of the rest of elements in material of each part is determined, and percentage of elements characteristic of material of each part is determined with due account of percentage of the rest of element of materials of previously checked parts.

EFFECT: improved accuracy of evaluation of degree of parts wear.

2 tbl

Description

Currently, a number of methods are known for diagnosing the technical condition and controlling the degree of wear of engine parts using the non-disassembling method, which is based on the use of concentrations of wear elements in the lubricant. A known control method, which is based on a probabilistic Bayes model / 1 /. The technical condition of the engine is estimated by the diagnostic coefficient, calculated on the basis of the analysis of the diagnostic matrix containing up to 3000 values, with the result in the form: norm, level 1 failure, level 2 failure, level 3 failure. Such information allows only a rough estimate of the wear of parts and does not give an idea of the specific dimensions of the part.

The method closest in its purpose to the proposed method is based on determining the concentration of iron in oil, determining the amount of worn iron, distributing this amount among groups of parts based on a preliminary study of the intensity of receipt of this element from individual groups and determining the degree of wear of parts [2]. During operation, samples of lubricating oil are taken and the concentration of iron is determined in them. According to the obtained concentration values, the amount of iron worn from the parts at the time of control is calculated. The resulting amount of iron is distributed over the engine nodes in the following ratio:

cylinder sleeves - 60%

piston rings - 30%

crankshaft journals - 7%

piston fingers - 3%

The volume of iron is judged on the degree of wear of each group of parts.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of assessing the degree of wear of controlled parts.

The essence of the method is that during operation, at certain intervals, samples of lubricating oil are taken, the concentrations of the elements of wear products are recorded, and the number of registered elements is set individually for each type of engine.

During operation of a diesel diesel engine, for example, type 10D100, the concentrations of the following elements are recorded: iron, copper, tin, lead, chromium, nickel, magnesium, molybdenum. The values of concentrations, the operating time of the diesel engine and the number of topping up of lubricating oil determine the number of worn out parts of the elements.

Table 1 shows the composition of the elements entering the lubricating oil from the controlled parts during operation. To assess the degree of wear of a particular group of parts, it is necessary to determine the amount of metal worn precisely from this group. The calculation of the amount of worn metal is carried out according to the known values of the volumes of the characteristic elements received in the lubricating oil, and their percentages in the materials of the parts. The following is the sequence of implementation of the method for assessing the degree of wear of diesel parts of type 10D100:

STEP 1 - enter the current concentrations of Fe, Pb, Sn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mg, Mo.

STEP 2 - calculation of volumes of controlled elements (V _Fe , v _Pb , V _Sn , v _cu , V _Cr , V _Mg , V _Mo ) based on the current values of concentrations, diesel operating time and the number of toppings.

STEP 3 - the entire volume of Pb is worn from the liners of the crankshaft, therefore, the wear of the liners is estimated by Pb

I _on = f (V _Pb )

STEP 4 - in addition to Pb, the material of the inserts contains such controlled elements as Sn and Mg. From the known values of the percentage of these elements in the material of the liners, we determine the volumes of these elements worn from the liners of the crankshaft:

STEP 5 - Mg is contained in the material of the liners and compression rings. Therefore, the volume of Mg worn from the compression rings is defined as:

Wear of compression rings is estimated by the volume of magnesium.

STEP 6 - in addition to Mg, the material of the compression rings contains Fe, Sn, Cr, Ni, Cu. From the known volume of Mg worn from the rings, and the percentage composition of the material of the rings, we determine the volumes of all elements worn from the rings:

STEP 7 - since the Mo element is contained only in the material of the cylinder sleeve, therefore, the wear of the cylinder sleeve is estimated by the volume of the worn Mo.

, рассчитываем объемы элементов, изношенных с цилиндровой втулки:STEP 8 - according to the known percentage of elements in the sleeve material and previously determined

, we calculate the volumes of the elements worn from the cylinder sleeve:

STEP 9 - calculate the volume of Ni worn from the piston pin:

STEP 10 - the piston pin wear is estimated by the volume of the previously determined, worn Ni:

и

:STEP 11 - based on the known percentage of elements in the material of the piston pin are calculated

and

:

STEP 12 - taking into account previously performed operations, the volume of Cr worn from the piston head is calculated:

STEP 13 - the wear of the piston head is evaluated by a certain amount of Cr:

STEP 14 - taking into account the previous operations, the volume Cu calculated from the bronze bushings of the piston insert and the upper rod head is calculated:

:STEP 15 - wear of bronze bushings is estimated according to

:

рассчитывается объем Sn, изношенный с бронзовых втулок:STEP 16 - according to the known percentage composition of the material of the bronze bushings and previously determined

The volume Sn worn from the bronze bushings is calculated:

STEP 17 - taking into account previously performed operations, the volume Sn worn from the piston throne is determined:

STEP 18 - the wear of the piston tron is estimated by the volume of the worn Sn:

STEP 19 - taking into account previously performed operations, the volume of iron worn from the necks of the crankshaft is calculated:

STEP 20 - wear of the crankshaft journals is estimated by the volume of worn iron:

The method is confirmed by the results of the experiment. Under control was a 10D100 diesel engine No. 17247 MA from the beginning of operation to the repair. The diesel engine operating time amounted to 170 thousand km. Table 2 shows the current values of the concentrations of the controlled elements and the number of topping up of lubricating oil.

When distributing the volume of iron in accordance with / 2 / we obtain, mm ³ :

cylinder bushings - 50572;

piston rings - 25286;

crankshaft journals - 5900;

piston pins - 2528.

table 2 No. TO-3 The amount of topping, kg. Element concentration, g / t. Fe Cu Sn Cr Pb Ni Mg Mo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 nine 10 1 0 17 3 14 4 16 2 0 28 10 8 4 10 5 0 0 3 0 17 fifteen 10 3 14 6 1 1 4 fifty 80 17 eighteen 8 120 6 2 1 5 1200 65 eighteen 12 8 10 7 2 2

Continuation of Table 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 nine 10 6 0 23 4 5 4 10 5 2 2 7 0 37 12 nine 4 22 2 1 3 8 fifty 42 12 6 3 thirty 3 2 3 nine 0 36 8 4 4 thirteen 3 2 2 10 1500 31 fifteen 4 4 28 3 1 2 eleven 0 eighteen 2 4 2 7 3 2 0 12 0 eighteen 6 7 3 thirteen 1 0 2 thirteen 0 35 12 8 3 24 2 1 3 14 0 35 12 nine 2 twenty 4 2 3 fifteen 0 40 21 10 2 6 5 3 2 16 0 fifty fifteen 7 2 7 4 3 3 17 0 60 twenty 8 2 16 5 4 3 eighteen 100 63 21 10 1 twenty 6 3 3 19 0 40 fifteen thirteen 3 64 5 4 2 twenty 0 fifty 10 7 3 10 4 2 3 21 0 70 12 12 5 25 4 3 3

As a result of the calculations, the volumes of elements worn from controlled parts were obtained, mm ³ :

iron - 84286;

copper - 9696;

tin - 8861;

chrome - 5002;

lead - 17275;

magnesium - 1843;

molybdenum - 1421;

nickel - 1449.

When assessing the proposed method, the volumes of iron are distributed as follows, mm ³ :

cylinder bushings - 48138;

piston rings - 23182;

crankshaft journals - 9645;

piston pins - 3321.

Consequently, it is possible to assess the degree of wear based on the specified volumes of one characteristic element related to a specific controlled part. The volume of iron worn from parts is adjusted (specified):

for cylinder sleeves by 4.8%;

for piston rings by 8%;

for crankshaft journals by 39%;

for piston pins by 24%.

Sources of information

1. Diagnostics of the technical condition of diesel engines. M., Transport, 1977, p. 56.

2. Sokolov A.I. Diagnostics of marine engines by operating oil parameters. Engine Engineering, 1980, No. 11, pp. 46-48.

Claims (1)

The method of controlling the degree of wear of parts of an internal combustion engine operating in the presence of a lubricant, which consists in the fact that during the operation of the engine samples of the lubricant are taken, determined in them by the method of spectral analysis of the concentration of elements released during the wear process, such as iron, copper, tin, lead, chrome, and sequentially for each part, taking into account the percentage of elements that are predominant in the composition of the material of each part, judge the degree of wear of the parts, I distinguish Keep in mind that for a 10D100 diesel diesel engine, the concentration of magnesium, nickel and molybdenum is additionally determined, the percentage of other elements that are part of the material of each part is determined, and the percentage of elements that are predominant in the material of each part is determined taking into account the percentage of other elements materials of previously controlled parts.