RU2246634C2 - Rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to produce mechanical or electric energy. According to invention, in rotor containing pair of blades arranged on disk symmetrically relative to its axle of rotation additional pair of blades is used and working surfaces of segments are formed for flow or gas or liquid from point of intersection of both pairs of blades to their ends on periphery of disk. Through channels are formed for passing of flow owing to extraction of sections of blades between points of their intersection near center of rotation.

EFFECT: increased coefficient of utilization of flow energy, simplified rotor speed control circuit.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to wind turbines and can be used to produce mechanical or electrical energy.

Known designs for a similar purpose, converting the energy of the flow of air or water into rotational motion [1, 2, 3, 4].

Such rotary and rotary engines with a vertical axis of rotation have a low coefficient of utilization of the energy of the gas or liquid flow, since they are brought into rotation only by a part of the flow moving along the way, for example, windward blades.

Rotors of the Savonius and Kazhinsky type are also known, in which the energy of a part of the flow that has already been used with pressure on the blade is reflected from it and re-applies pressure to the other blade, which increases the utilization of wind and hydro flow [5, 6, 7, 8].

However, such devices do not uniformly perceive flow pressure from different directions, i.e. have non-working (“dead”) zones, therefore, to ensure uniform rotation they use two or more similar rotors located on a common axis, but their blades are shifted by a certain angle.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the rotor turbine of the Ugrinsky system [9] selected as a prototype, containing a pair of blades located on the disk symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor. In this rotor, as well as in the Savonius rotor, the secondary reflected flow is partially used, and due to a certain configuration of the blades, the idle zone is reduced [9, p. 30, 31, 32].

However, the prototype has the same drawback: a low energy efficiency of the flow due to the unevenness of its movement through the rotor and the uneven reaction of different parts of the blade on the flow, which increases its turbulence, which ultimately reduces torque. In addition, the prototype does not regulate the speed depending on the wind speed.

Technical advantages of the claimed object in comparison with known devices are as follows:

- In addition, a second pair of blades was introduced and working surfaces of the segments were formed for the flow of liquid or gas from the intersection points of both pairs of blades to their end on the periphery of the disk, and four through channels (instead of one in the prototype) of through channels were formed due to the removal of sections of the blades between points their intersections near the center of rotation. This has increased the use of secondary reflected flow.

- On the working surface of the segments formed due to the intersection of two pairs of blades, normally closed valves are made in the direction of the center of rotation, part of the flow energy additionally passes through the second ones.

- The segments are located on additional bases having an axis of rotation with the gear, and the gears are connected through a mechanical transmission with a speed controller, which allows you to choose the optimal mode of operation of the rotor at the existing wind speed.

This makes it possible to expand the used range of wind or water flow rates at which the rotor is operational, improve the uniformity of its rotation and optimally use the flow energy by adjusting the speed in automatic mode.

The combination of these technical advantages of the claimed object will provide a positive effect, which consists in increasing the utilization of the energy of the flow and simplifying the regulation of the rotor speed.

Figure 1 shows the distribution of gas or liquid flow in a Ugrinsky rotary turbine. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the formation of the rotor proposed by the author, figure 3 shows the rotor (General view).

The rotor has a disk 1, on which blades 2, 3, 4, 5 are mounted, located on the disk symmetrically relative to its axis of rotation (the upper disk may be absent). Parts of intersecting blades 2, 3, 4, 5 form segments that can be placed on their bases 6. On the working surface of the blades 2, 3, 4, 5 segments in the direction to the center of the rotor are made normally closed spring-loaded valves 7. The segments together with the bases have the ability to rotate on its axes by means of gears 8 connected by a common mechanical transmission 9 with gear 10 of a standard centrifugal speed controller (not shown).

The rotor operates as follows. Figure 1 shows a possible distribution of the prototype flows V ₁ and V ₂ from different directions of the rotor. Tests of models according to Ugrinsky’s schemes established that the direction of V _{1 is} more preferable than V ₂ , since the flow is reflected twice, creating more torque, first from the arc “cb” of the blade 3, and then, after the center of rotation, from the arc “bc” of the blade 2. In addition, the flow that has passed through the channel through the center of rotation has a greater speed than the flow inhibited by the half-cylinders “ba” of the blades, which creates turbulence that impedes the laminar flow, which as a result reduces the efficiency of the device.

Pairs of blades 4, 5 at the intersection with blades 2, 3 according to the Ugrinsky system form four curved segments “abc”, and four sections of the blades “bb” between the points of their intersection are removed. As a result, four “abbc” channels are curved towards the center of the channel for the movement of a liquid or gas flow.

From the direction “V” (Fig. 3) the maximum energy of the flow is used: part of the flow “V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{one}}{\text{one}}$ ”Passes through the segment formed by the segments of the blades 2, 4, and through its opening valve 7, the other main part of the stream V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{one}}$ passes through the channel between the blades 2, 3, and a small part of this flow “V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{3}}{\text{one}}$ ”Gets to the center of the rotor through the segment formed by part of the blades 3, 4, and its valve 7. Part of the flow“ V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{one}}$ ”Is reflected from the“ CB ”arc of the blade 3, and the total flow is“ V1 ”, i.e. (V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{one}}{\text{one}}$ + V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{one}}$ + V $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{3}}{\text{one}}$ ), having passed the center of rotation of the rotor, it is reflected both from the arc “sv” of the blade 4, and from the arc “sv” of the blade 2, creating in both cases a torque of one direction “ω”. In the indicated position of the rotor, the spring-loaded valves 7 of the two other segments are closed.

In order to control the speed, the segments are placed on separate movable bases 6 mounted on the axis with gears 8. When the specified rotor speed is exceeded, a centrifugal regulator (not shown) is transmitted to the gear 10 of the general mechanical transmission (chain) 9, which simultaneous exposure of gears 8 of all four segments turns them in one direction until the segments are closed (touched). The end position “Locking the rotors” is also used when they are stopped for repair or maintenance.

For comparative tests, three models of the same dimensions were made: the Savonius rotor, the Ugrinsky rotor, and the rotor of the present application. The wind speed was measured using an AP 1M anemometer, and the RPM was measured using an ATT6000 phototachometer.

As a result of laboratory tests, it was found that the typical Savonius rotor had a starting wind speed of 3.0 ... 3.2 m / s, the Ugrinsky rotor - 2.3 ... 2.8 m / s, and the proposed rotor - 1.4 ... 1.8 m / s

At a wind speed of about 15 m / s, which was maximally obtained under laboratory conditions, the rotor developed 590 rpm. By manually rearranging the position of the segments, it was possible to obtain a given number of revolutions at different wind speeds, which confirms the possibility of automatic regulation.

The industrial development of these types of engines significantly expands the scope of their application for wind energy, for the creation of mini hydroelectric power stations, etc.

Sources of information taken into account when preparing the application:

1. Description of the invention to the USSR copyright certificate No. 992800, class. F 03 D 3/00 (analog).

2. Description of the invention to Europatent WO 95/08062, form B (analogue).

3. Description of the invention to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1663226, cl. F 02 D 3/06 (analog).

4. Description of the invention to the copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1017814, class. F 03 D 3/00 (analog).

5. Description of the invention to the USSR copyright certificate No. 1553758, class. F 03 D 7/06, Wind turbine (equivalent).

6. Description of the invention to the copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1612109, class. F 03 D 7/06. Wind turbine rotor (analog).

7. Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2118703, class. F 03 D 3/00. Rotary wind turbine (analog).

8. B.V. Kazhinsky. Free-flow hydroelectric power of low power. Under. Ed. Berga, vol. 57, M., 1950, p.31, 10 (analogue).

9. B.V. Kazhinsky. Free-flow hydroelectric power of low power. Ed. Berga, vol. 57, M., 1950, S. 32, 33, 11 and 12 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. A rotor of the Ugrinsky rotor type, containing a pair of blades located on the disk symmetrically with respect to its axis of rotation, characterized in that a second pair of blades is additionally introduced and working surfaces of the segments are formed for gas or liquid flow from the intersection points of both pairs of blades to their end on the periphery disk, and for the movement of the flow formed through channels by removing portions of the blades between the points of intersection near the center of rotation. 2. The rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that on the working surface of the segments formed from the intersection of the blades, normally closed valves are made towards the center of rotation. 3. The rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the segments are located on additional bases having an axis of rotation with the gear, and all gears are connected by mechanical transmission to the speed controller.

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