RU2246213C1 - Device for controlling beehive microclimate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has temperature-sensitive unit and humidity-sensitive unit, units for transforming sensitive unit signals into frequency, microphone, microcomputer, switching units for starting conditioning system elements and beehive air-conditioning system operation. The microcomputer functions for controlling and adjusting beehive microclimate. The air-conditioning system has electric fan drive, heating element and vapor production unit. The microphone serves for making acoustic control of ventilating bees activity.

EFFECT: wide range of functional applications.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of beekeeping and may find application in individual and collective apiaries.

Known devices for controlling the temperature of the hive [1, 2] and humidity [3] do not allow full control of the microclimate in the hive.

A device for controlling the temperature in the hive [4], comprising a humidity control system consisting of a power source, a switching device, an energy storage device, a voltage regulator, a fan electric drive, an air conditioner and a humidity sensor. The humidity sensor is located in a hive with double walls, the device also includes a temperature control system consisting of a heating element and a temperature sensor located in the hive and a temperature controller. The temperature controller receives power from a power source or energy storage device through a switching device. The temperature control system has a temperature sensor located in the hive and a temperature controller located in the air conditioner.

The disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of adaptive installation of the microclimate in the hive, taking into account the strength of the bee family. Essentially, in the prototype, air conditioning of the set values of temperature and humidity is carried out, which does not optimize the microclimate.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is the control and regulation of the intra-mule microclimate, taking into account the optimal combination of certain temperature and humidity values inside the hive for bees.

The problem is solved by introducing a microcomputer to control and regulate the microclimate in the hive, which consists in choosing the optimal values of temperature and humidity inside the hive, a power source controlled by temperature to set the required heater power, a controlled steam generator, which allows forcing to increase the absolute and relative humidity of the air. In addition to these elements, the device includes a humidity sensor with a humidity-frequency converter, a temperature sensor with a temperature-frequency converter, a heating element, a switching device for controlling the heating element, a fan electric drive, a switching device for controlling the fan electric drive, a steam generator, a switching device for steam generator control, operating mode change panel (winter / summer), power supply terminals, stabilizer, external sensor temperature control power supply, microphone, bandpass filter and limit amplifier.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. In Fig.1 shows a structural diagram of a device for controlling the microclimate in the hive, Fig.2-3 shows the algorithm of operation.

The scheme of the device for controlling the microclimate in the hive contains: a humidity sensor - 1; humidity-frequency converter - 2; temperature sensor - 3; converter “temperature - frequency” - 4; remote control for changing the operating mode - 5; microcomputers - 6; switching device for controlling the electric fan drive - 7; switching device for controlling the heater - 8; switching device for controlling the steam generator - 9; stabilizer - 10; a hive conditioning system - 11, including: a fan electric drive - 12, a heating element - 13, a steam generator - 14, an external temperature sensor for a controlled power source - 15, a controlled power source - 16, power terminals - 17, a microphone - 18, a passband filter - 20 and amplifier-limiter - 19.

A device for controlling the microclimate of the hive works according to the algorithm shown in figure 2, as follows. Initially, there is no power at the terminals 17, while the electric drive of the fan 12, the heating element 13 and the steam generator 14 are turned off. When you turn on the device, the initial setting of the optimal temperature and humidity parameters occurs (T _{at opt} = 32 ° C, V _{at opt} = 80%), as well as resetting the counter (K = 0). Next, the operation mode is initialized. The initialization of the operating mode consists in checking the change in operating mode 5 selected on the remote control of one of two possible modes: winter or summer. After that, depending on the selected operating mode, the device can operate either in summer mode or in winter mode.

If the winter mode of operation is selected, the microcomputer takes data from the temperature sensor 3 and humidity sensor 1 of the air inside the hive. Data in the form of frequencies is fed to inputs 1 and 2 of the microcomputer. Next, the program they are converted into values of temperature and humidity, and then they are used to determine the temperature of the club’s crust T _k , the algorithm of FIGS. 2-3, the absolute moisture content of the air inside the hive L _i , the absolute moisture content of the exhaust air L _o , as well as the feed consumption by bees Gi.

After that, according to the parameters defined above, the optimal mass transfer coefficient A _{opt is} calculated at a given air humidity Vy. Based on the optimum coefficient of mass transfer A _wholesale determined optimum values V _{y y} T _opt and _opt. Then, the current mass transfer coefficient A _{i is} calculated (for given T _k and T _y ) according to the formula:

The coefficient defined here is compared with the optimal value of A _opt . If A _i > A _opt , then the current parameters are considered optimal, and all measurements are repeated. In the case of A _i <A _opt , the optimality of the current temperature and humidity parameters (T _y and V _y ) is checked. If T _y ≤ T _{y opt,} by means of a switching device for controlling the heater 8, the heating element 13 is turned on, and if not, it is turned off. Next is tested for optimum humidity in the hive V _y . If V _y = V _opt , the steam generator 14 is switched off by means of a switching device for controlling the steam generator 9 and the electric fan 12 by means of a switching device for controlling the electric fan 7, and then all measurements are repeated. In the case of V _y ≠ V _{y opt} , another check is carried out: V _y > V _{y opt} . If V _y > V _{y opt} , the steam generator 14 is switched off by means of a switching device for controlling the steam generator 9 and the electric drive of fan 12 is turned on by the switching device to control the electric drive of fan 7, and if not, therefore. V _y <V _{y opt} , and in this case, the steam generator 14 is turned on, and the electric drive of the fan 12 is turned off. After that, all measurements are repeated.

If the summer operating mode is selected, a check is made for the counter to exceed the set value. If K <K _back , where K _back is the delay value, then the counter value is incremented (K = K + 1), and then the microcomputer takes data from the temperature sensor 3 and the humidity sensor 1 of the air inside the hive. Data in the form of frequencies is fed to inputs 1 and 2 of the microcomputer. Then they are converted by the program to temperature and humidity values. Then, according to the algorithm is checked current parameters T _yi, and V _yi for optimal matching of their T _y V _{y opt} and _opt. In case of discrepancy, the program works in exactly the same way as in the winter case. Then all measurements are repeated again. This happens until the counter value is equal to the specified value of the delay K _ass . When K≥K _ass , an acoustic check of the activity of the bee-ventilator is performed. At the same time, the electric drive of the fan 12 is turned off first (so that it does not introduce distortions into the overall noise background of the bee-fans), and then the frequency signal is removed from the amplifier-limiter 19, which receives the signal from the microphone 18, which passed through a bandpass filter 20 with a passband from 80 to 155 Hz [6].

With an increase in the activity of ventilating bees, the frequency peak, together with an increase in its intensity, shifts to the high-frequency part of the spectrum, i.e. from a frequency of 80 Hz to a frequency of 155 Hz. So, if the temperature in the lower part of the nest at the wall opposite the air hole was from 33.1 to 40.4 ° С, the frequency of sounds of bee-ventilators was 110-120 Hz, and at temperatures of 41 and 42 ° С, the frequency of sounds was 135 -145 and 145-155 Hz. Next, an analysis of the pulse frequencies in the range from 80 to 155 Hz. The amplifier limiter 19 allows you to generate rectangular pulses that are fed to the third measuring input of the microcomputer. If the frequency of pulses f _{from the} amplifier of the limiter 19 exceeds f _cr1 = 155 Hz (f> f _cr1 = 155 Hz), the stabilized temperature level T _{at opt} is reduced by 1 ° C and the stabilized humidity level V _{y opt is} reduced by 10%. After that, the counter is reset (K = 0), and then, according to the algorithm of FIG. 2, the current parameters T _yi and V _yi are checked; on compliance with their optimal T _{at opt} and V _{y opt} . In case of discrepancy, the program works the same as in the winter case. Then all measurements are repeated again. If the value of the frequency f is less than the critical value (f <f _cr1 = 155 Hz), then the first _step is to check the optimal humidity value for exceeding the minimum optimal value (V _{y opt} <50%). When V _{at opt} <50%, the stabilized humidity level rises to 50% (i.e., V _{y opt} = 50%). Then, an analysis of the frequency f is performed again. If (f <f _cr2 = 80 Hz), then the stabilized temperature level T _{at opt is} increased by 1 ° C, if not, then nothing changes in the settings. Further, the program acts in the same way as in the case considered above.

The controlled power source 16 and its sensor 15 operate autonomously from the main system and serve to create and maintain the required power P _opt at the input of the heating element 13. At high outdoor temperatures (T _drug ~ 15 ° C), the power of the heating element is maintained at about 12 W, and at low (T _drug ~ -20 ° C) - at the level of about 80 watts.

Thus, the device for controlling the microclimate in the hive allows you to maintain the microclimate parameters at the optimal level, which provides adaptive microclimate adjustment taking into account the strength of the bee family.

Sources of information

1. Patent No. 2000693. Device for regulating the temperature regime of the hive. // Rybochkin A.F., Novoseltsev I.L. Publ. 10/15/93. Bull. No. 37-38.

2. Patent No. 2168199. A device for regulating the temperature in the hive. // Rybochkin A.F., Zakharov I.S. Publ. 05/27/2001. Bull. No. 15.

3. Humidity controller with switchable output. // On-Line catalog http://www.conrad.ru/ceonlme.html.

4. Patent No. 2134507. A device for regulating the microclimate in the hive. // Zimitrovich B.C., Prudnikov A.V., Prokhorova A.N. Publ. 08/08/99. (prototype).

5. Heat and mass transfer in the life of bees. // Trifonov A.D. Moscow: Istra, 1997.

6. E.E. Yeskov. Acoustic signaling of insects.

Claims (1)

A device for controlling the microclimate in the hive, comprising an air humidity sensor, a humidity-frequency converter, an air temperature sensor, a temperature-frequency converter, a heating element, a switching device for controlling the heating element, a fan electric drive, a switching device for controlling the electric fan drive, steam generator, switching device for controlling the steam generator, control panel for changing the operating mode, power supply terminals, stabilizing device, temperature-controlled power supply, external temperature sensor for temperature-controlled power supply, microphone, band-pass filter, amplifier-limiter, while two outputs of the humidity sensor are connected to the inputs of the humidity-frequency converter, two outputs of the temperature sensor are connected to the inputs temperature-frequency converter, the first input of the heating element is connected to the first output of the switching device for controlling the heating element, and the second to the first output and a temperature controlled power supply, the first input of the temperature controlled power supply is connected to the first terminal of the power supply, to which the first input of the stabilizing device, the second input of the fan electric drive and the second input of the steam generator are connected, the first input of the fan electric drive is connected to the first output of the switching device for electric drive control, and the first input of the steam generator is connected to the first output of the switching device for controlling the steam generator, the second the strokes of the switching device for controlling the heating element, the switching device for controlling the electric drive, the switching device for controlling the steam generator, as well as the second outputs of the stabilizer and the temperature controlled power supply, are connected to the second terminal of the power supply, characterized in that a microcomputer is introduced, the first input of which is connected with the output of the humidity-frequency converter, the second input is connected to the output of the temperature-frequency converter, the third input is connected to the output of the amplifier-limiter, the fourth input is connected to the output of the change mode control panel, the first output is connected to the input of the switching device for controlling the heating element, the second output is connected to the input of the switching device for controlling the electric fan drive, the third output is connected to the input of the switching device for controlling the steam generator, the first output of the stabilizer is connected to the power buses of the microcomputer and the temperature-frequency and humidity-frequency converters, the input will amplify la - limiter connected to the output of bandpass filter, the first and second inputs of which are connected in turn to the outputs of the microphone.

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