RU2245699C2 - Method for building halochambers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method involves tunneling horizontal level working with heading machine on earth surface in the base of old salt spoil heap of salt mine. Steel arch support is used for strengthening the level working. The arches are mounted 1 m far from each other. Pit props and cappings of neighboring arches are connected with ties. Lagging of roof and sides of the working is carried out and dressed space is filled with rubble of lick salt pieces. Then, perforated tubes are laid in soil and covered with crushed salt. Halochamber air is saturated with salt particles by pumping air through the tubes to make sodium chloride concentration in the halochamber air be not less than 0.5 mg/m³.

EFFECT: reduced labor resource consumption.

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used in the construction of halochambers for their medical use, as well as for the storage of plant products.

The speleotherapeutic method of treatment is known for a long stay in the microclimate of salt caves, salt mines, grottoes, mines, etc. Features of the microclimate depend on the nature of the underground premises. The constant temperature and pressure of the gas and ionic composition, air, low relative humidity, increased ionization, the predominance of negatively charged ions, the presence of aerosols of certain salts, the absence of bacterial flora and allergens, and a slightly increased content of carbon dioxide are characteristic.

Treatment in salt caves was scientifically substantiated in the 40s of the last century. German researchers summarized the positive effects of prolonged stay of a large number of people in the klutert karst cave, which during the Second World War was used by the population of Ennepetal as a bomb shelter. In the future, thanks to clinical and experimental studies conducted by doctor of medicine K. Spannagel, a new scientifically based area for the treatment of respiratory diseases was created - speleoclimatotherapy. At present, speleotherapeutic hospitals in the conditions of karst caves are available in several countries - Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany, Georgia, Uzbekistan.

In addition to natural caves, artificial ones are also used for treatment. These are either abandoned salt mines or specially cut out niches in the thickness of the salt layer where hospitals are equipped.

The assumption that the main therapeutic effect during speleotherapy is air saturated with salt dust of sodium chloride was first expressed by the Polish doctor Felix Bochkowski in 1843.

Currently, the use of salt mines for medicinal purposes is known in many countries: in Austria - Solzbad-Salzeman, in Poland - Wieliczka, in Romania - saltcopi Pride, in Germany - Magdeburg, in Azerbaijan - Nakhichevan, in Kyrgyzstan - Chon-Tuz, Ukraine - the village of Solotvino (Transcarpathian region), Artemovsk (Donetsk region), in Belarus - Soligorsk. In all these hospitals, the main healing factor is the air of the caves, saturated with particles of rock salt. Extensive experience in the treatment of patients with various forms of chronic respiratory infections has proved the high efficiency of speleotherapy in the microclimate of salt caves. Treatment in the conditions of salt mines (Solotvino, Artemovsk, Chon-Tuz, etc.) allows achieving remission from 6 months to 3 years in 70-80% of patients.

Also known is the halotherapeutic treatment method based on the use of an artificial microclimate that is close in parameters to the conditions of underground salt speleological hospitals. Since the mid-80s, attempts have been made to reproduce the microclimate of salt hospitals (halite, sylvinite) in terrestrial conditions. The method was called "halotherapy" ("halos" in Greek, "salt"). Some developers continue to use the term "speleotherapy", although this is not correct, since the underground conditions (in Greek "speleon" - a cave) as such are not reproduced when modeling the microclimate. Currently, the rooms where the microclimate of salt caves is created are called by various terms: halochamber, speleo chamber, speleoclimatic chamber, climate chamber, salt cave, "living air", etc. The first structures for the artificial microclimate consisted of rooms with walls lined with salt material.

Known methods for the construction of halochambers, including wall cladding using blocks cut from a salt layer, bricks from evaporated salt. by applying salt plaster, etc. [1].

A disadvantage of the known methods is that by using only passive agents such as salt coating (halite or sylvinite), it is impossible to create an atmosphere in the treatment room with the parameters of dry fine-dispersed salt aerosol corresponding to the natural ones.

To create an aerosol, it is proposed to additionally install various filters - saturators, labyrinth partitions, ventilation devices and other devices. But even these methods remain unsatisfactory, since the concentration of particles in the room is extremely small, dispersion (particle size) can vary greatly, aerosol parameters are not controlled and significantly depend on the characteristics of the room.

It is very important to take into account that the use of artificial climatic environments in medical practice required methodological support corresponding to modern medical technology. A number of studies have shown that the high efficiency and safety of the use of respiratory media containing aerosols of various salts, the possibility of their use in various forms, severity and stage of development of respiratory diseases is provided by a differentiated approach to prescribing the concentration of salt aerosol, the duration of the procedure and treatment . In accordance with medical requirements, a method was developed using a new generation of equipment — a controlled halocomplex that implements the principle of monitoring and controlling the parameters of the aerodispersed medium. Methodological foundations and standards of methods for modeling the artificial microclimate have also been developed.

The main active factor of the method is a highly dispersed dry salt aerosol (haloaerosol) of a wide range - from 0.5 to 10 mg / m ³ - with four controlled therapeutic concentrations (modes). The presence of salt aerosol ranging in size from 0.1 to 5 microns forms in the treatment room an environment free of microorganisms and allergens. The bulk of the particles of the aerodispersed medium (more than 97%) is the respirable fraction (1-5 microns), due to which the aerosol is effectively exposed in all, including the deepest parts of the airways. The physicochemical properties of the aerosol determine the specificity of the halotherapy (GT) technique, one of the features of which is the delivery of extremely small doses of the substance to the respiratory tract. When grinding in halogenators, due to the powerful mechanical action, salt particles acquire a negative charge and high surface energy. When interacting with air molecules, its aeroionization occurs (6-10 nK / m ³ ); light negative ions are an additional factor in the therapeutic effect on the body and the purification of the room environment. Such a natural method of aeroionization is the most physiological and safe [1].

There is also known a method of constructing halochambers, including facing the walls with salt blocks, pumping air through a salt filter and storing plant products in it [2].

The disadvantage of this method of construction of halochambers is the high labor costs associated with the need to cut blocks, lifting them to the surface from the mines and subsequent lining of the walls of the room.

A known method of constructing halochambers, including the use of crushed salt and pumping air through it, which is adopted as a prototype [3].

The disadvantage of this method of constructing halochambers is the high labor costs associated with the need to extract rock salt at a salt mine, raise it to the surface, crush it and then place it on the walls of the room.

The purpose of the invention is the reduction of labor costs for the construction of halochambers.

This goal is achieved by constructing halochambers at the base of old salt dumps.

The method is as follows.

A mining machine produces horizontal excavation on the earth's surface at the base of the old salt mine dump of the salt mine. At the same time, old dumps of salt and potash mines are used for the construction of the halochamber, since the crushed salt composing them is most compacted, which has a positive effect on the stability of mining. For example, the salt dump at the First Solikamsk potash mine department is already about 70 years old, and the salt composing it has a high density. To mount the workings, steel arch support is used. This lining is used for fastening horizontal workings in potash and salt mines [4]. Arches are installed at a distance of 1 m from one another. The racks and upper sections of adjacent arches are connected together by screeds, after which they tighten the roof and the sides of the excavation and clog the fixing space with pieces of salt - lick. Then the perforated pipes are laid in the soil, they are covered with crushed salt and the salt chamber is saturated with salt particles by pumping air through the pipes until the concentration of sodium chloride aerosol in the halochamber air is at least 0.5 mg / m ³ . The air is saturated with aeroions when it is filtered through crushed salt in the soil of the halochamber and in contact with the same material in its roof and walls.

Sources of information

1. Chervinskaya A.V., Konovalov S.I., Strashnova O.V. et al. The use of halotherapy medical technology in the complex treatment and rehabilitation of respiratory diseases // Methodical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. - M., 1995.-18 p.

2. RF patent №2021684, cl. A 01 F 25/00, 1991.

3. RF patent No. 2058768, cl. A 61 G 10/02, 1993.

4. Olkhovikov Yu.P. The support of the capital workings of potash and salt mines // M., Nedra, 1984. P. 175.

Claims (1)

A method of constructing halochambers, including the use of crushed salt and pumping air through it, characterized in that the mining machine carries out horizontal excavation on the earth's surface at the base of the old salt mine dump, while using steel arch support for securing the mine, arches are installed at a distance of 1 m from one another, the racks and upper sections of adjacent arches are connected together by screeds, after which they tighten the roof and the sides of the excavation and clog the fixing space pieces and salt - licks, then placed into the soil perforated pipe is filled shredded their salt and saturated with air halochamber salt particles by pumping air through the pipes until the concentration of sodium chloride aerosol in the air halochamber not less than 0.5 mg / m ^3.