RU2245271C1 - Technical fleet ship, underwater system for single-leg mooring and servicing of ships and method of erection of such system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; marine structures and underwater systems for single-leg mooring and servicing of ships, mainly tankers.

SUBSTANCE: proposed ship is provided with aft guide member for pipe line made in form of bearing surface secured on load-bearing member, on transom and deck of aft extremity embracing it by bearing surface. Underwater system includes structure secured on sea bottom and made in form of hollow hull with bottom, cover and bulkheads. Hull is provided with guard secured on bottom and provided with screen made from under-bottom fins. This system is assembled by means of ship from which hull of underwater system is lowered to ground base at simultaneous lowering of hose-mooring line by aft guide member followed by connection of bitter end of hose-mooring line.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency, stability and reliability of system in the course of operation.

16 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and can be used in the retrofitting of vessels of the technical fleet.

The invention also relates to offshore hydraulic structures, in particular to underwater systems for single-mooring and servicing of ships, mainly tankers, methods for their construction and is intended for use in the open sea, on sea shelves.

Known barge for laying the pipeline to the bottom of the water area, including the fore and aft ends, on which a drum is mounted, mating with the pipeline and mounted with the possibility of rotation relative to the horizontal axis, and a working platform installed with the possibility of rotation through a swivel relative to the horizontal axis passing through the end of the platform, and equipped with a rotation drive located under the platform in the aft end area (see USSR patent No. 648070 for the invention “Barge for For laying the pipeline to the bottom of the water area. ”IPC (2), B 63 B 35/02. Claimed 04.05.76, application no. 2355214 / 27-11. Convention data: priority from 05.05.75, No. 574433, USA. Applicant - Santa Fe International Corporation (USA)).

The known solution is characterized by low performance due to the complexity and low reliability of the working platform due to the presence of a large number of movable joints. The well-known barge is not distinguished by wide operational capabilities, since it is intended only for laying the pipeline.

The analysis of the information selected during the search revealed the closest pipe-laying vessel containing a hull with roller tables on the deck and a ballast system, a stern guiding element, an additional guiding element pivotally mounted in the bow of the barge, and a turning mechanism for the additional guiding element, moreover, vertical shafts, in which, with the possibility of moving along the walls of the shafts, counterweights of the rotation mechanism are installed (see ed. USSR certificate No. 17373794 for the invention “T lay-up vessel ”, IPC (5), B 63 B 35/03. Claimed 14.08.90, Application No. 4877109/11. Applicant VNIPKI on problems of developing oil and gas resources of the USSR continental shelf - prototype).

Due to the sufficient complexity of the vessel, it is characterized by low performance. In view of the fact that the known vessel is suitable only for laying pipes, it, like the vessel described in the previous invention, does not have wide operational capabilities.

Thus, the well-known technical fleet vessels used for laying pipelines on the seabed are characterized by low efficiency of their operation, do not provide wide operational capabilities of the vessel. The inventive technical fleet allows achieving a new technical result - improving the operational characteristics of the vessel by simplifying the design of the stern guiding element, increasing its reliability, strength and stability, as well as expanding the operational capabilities of the vessel by ensuring its use in the construction of an underwater system for single-mooring and ship maintenance .

Known single-point raid berth, containing a floating hull with a jack frame and moorings, a combined anchor connection, including universal joints, a chain bridle and an underwater riser, a hose device, an underwater pipeline and a foundation plate (see ed. USSR No. 1527087 for the invention “ One-point raid berth. "IPC (4), B 63 B 21/00. Application No. 4352923 / 40-11. Declared December 29, 87. Authors - I. S. Kovalev and others).

This invention is intended to provide raid parking and maintenance of large vessels in severe weather conditions. The disadvantages of this design are its complexity, low reliability and stability during operation due to the large number of underwater connections.

An analysis of the information selected in the search process in this technical field made it possible to identify the closest single-mooring system for ships, containing a fixed structure fixed to the seafloor on piles, a tanker mooring chain and at least one flexible pipeline connected to the fixed structure with the possibility of turning around vertical axis (rotation axis) a toroidal device, a plug, the ends of the bifurcated part of which are connected to a toroidal device with the ability to rotate this plug around g of the horizontal axis (pivot axis), and the other end of the plug is connected to the tanker mooring chain (see RF patent No. 213687 for the invention “Method for single-mooring ships mooring and system for its implementation (options).” IPC (6) B 63 V 22 / 02. Application No. 97104654/18, filed March 20, 1997. Applicant - patent holder - Teknomare S. and A. (Italy) - prototype).

The disadvantages of this system, which is an underwater hydraulic structure, are its rather complicated design and insufficient reliability during operation due to the presence of a large number of elements rotating under water, the possible twisting of the mooring line and the flexible pipeline for transporting the fluid during the turns of the tanker during the shipment of the fluid. This system does not differ and sufficient stability during operation.

Thus, the well-known offshore hydraulic structures for single-mooring and ship servicing do not provide high efficiency of their operation, since they are quite complex in design, characterized by insufficient reliability and stability.

The inventive underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of vessels allows to achieve a new technical result - improving the efficiency of operation of the underwater system by simplifying the design, ensuring stability and reliability of the system during the mooring and maintenance of ships.

There is a method of constructing an offshore platform in which the base and the deck are transported with technological equipment in an elevated position to the place of their installation, the base is installed on the bottom and fastened to the bottom using piles, the deck with technological equipment is installed on the base (see RF patent No. 2198261 for the invention “A method of constructing an offshore platform.” IPC (7), E 02 B 17/00, E 21 B 15/00. Application No. 2001117481/13. Declared June 28, 2001. The author - applicant - patent holder - V. Mishchevich )

The known method is quite complicated. In addition, it serves for the construction of a hydraulic structure intended for other purposes (oil production).

In the process of searching for information in the field of erecting hydraulic structures, the closest construction method was identified, consisting of an inner case with compartments and an outer case made of hollow boxes, consisting of the following steps: 1. soft insulated containers are placed in the compartments of the inner case; 2. fix the boxes on the inner case; 3. carry out the descent of the inner shell to the water; 4. partially loaded with ballast soil ducts of the outer casing; 5. tow the structure to the dive site; 6. Fill soft plug-in containers with water; 7. install the inner casing on the prepared soil base; 8. fill the box with soil to achieve negative buoyancy of the structure and shear stability; 9. remove water and insulated containers from the compartments of the inner case (The method is described in USSR Aut. St. No. 1530658 for the invention “Underwater hydraulic structure.” IPC (4), E 02 B 1/00. Application No. 4344718 / 23-15 Declared December 16, 1987 - prototype).

The known method is characterized by the complexity of the process of erecting an offshore structure, does not provide reliability and stability of the structure during operation due to the fact that the structure of the structure is a prefabricated building. In addition, negative buoyancy, shear stability and rollover when exposed to hydrodynamic loads are provided only by ballast soil placed in the boxes of the outer casing.

The analysis of the revealed information about the current level of technology in this area showed that the existing methods of erecting hydraulic structures, in particular underwater systems for single-mooring and ship servicing, are quite complex, do not provide reliability and stability of hydraulic structures.

Thus, the claimed vessel of the technical fleet allows to achieve a new technical result - improving operational characteristics by simplifying the design of the feed guide element and increasing its reliability, strength and stability, as well as expanding the operational capabilities of the vessel by ensuring its use in the construction of an underwater system for single-mooring and ship service.

Declared as inventions, an underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of ships and the method of its construction make it possible to achieve a new technical result - increasing the operational efficiency of the underwater system by simplifying the design of the latter and the method of its construction, ensuring the stability and reliability of the underwater system in the process of mooring and servicing ships.

The following set of essential features characterizes the essence of the proposed group of inventions and contributes to the achievement of new technical results.

A technical fleet vessel comprising a hull with a stern end having a transom and a deck on which lifting devices are mounted, and a stern guide element for the pipeline, characterized in that the stern guide element is made in the form of a supporting surface mounted on a supporting structure consisting of racks located in a row along the left and right sides and interconnected in the longitudinal plane by single braces, and in the transverse plane by intersecting braces, while the racks are made different heights so as to form a supporting surface, in longitudinal section, a convex curvilinear arc, providing a minimum bending radius of the pipeline, aft guide element is fixedly mounted on the deck and on the transom stern extremity with the possibility of rounding the last reference surface.

The result is also facilitated by the fact that the supporting structure of the aft guide element is provided with bases on which the racks are rigidly fixed, and the bases are fixedly mounted on the deck and on the transom of the aft end by means of detachable joints.

The result is also achieved by the fact that the stern guide element is made of two parts motionlessly interconnected by means of detachable joints, one of which is located on the deck, the other on the transom of the aft end.

To achieve a new technical result, the supporting surface of the aft guide element is made with side rails.

An underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of ships, mainly tankers, containing a fixed structure fixed to the seabed, having a device connected to the latter with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, and a fluid valve connected to the cargo hose of the underwater pipeline, mooring lines and a flexible pipeline for transporting a fluid to a moored tanker, characterized in that the flexible pipe for transporting a fluid and moorings are made in the form of a single o hose - mooring, the root end of which is fixed on a device of a fixed design, the latter is made in the form of a hollow body with a bottom, equipped with a lid and partitions placed inside the body with dividing the internal volume of the latter into compartments, the housing cover is equipped with means providing access to each compartment, the housing is equipped with a guard mounted on the bottom and having a grid of sub-bottom ribs, the bottom being made with at least one hole in each compartment.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the housing is of a fixed design made of cylindrical shape, the housing cover is fixed, the valve for the fluid is located in one of the compartments of the housing.

The achievement of the result is also facilitated by the fact that the access means for each compartment and the openings in the bottom of the housing made in the lid are provided with closures.

To achieve a technical result, the subflight ribs of the fencing mesh are made radial.

The result is achieved by the fact that the hose-mooring consists of separate sections interconnected by means of flanges.

The method of constructing an underwater system described in paragraph 5, in which the hull is lowered onto a prepared soil base and the hull is ballasted by filling the compartments of the latter with ballast material, characterized in that they additionally use a technical fleet vessel equipped with a feed guide element for the pipeline, mainly a hose - mooring, and the soil base is prepared by extracting the pit with the withdrawal of the selected soil, making at the bottom of the pit an equalizing layer of gravel of material (bed), before lowering the hull, open the holes in the bottom of the hull and access means in the lid, lowering the hull onto the bed itself under the influence of the latter’s own weight, ensuring that the hull fencing with a net of underfoot ribs is deepened in bed, after the ballasting of the hull, the pit sinuses are filled gravel material along the perimeter of the hull to the entire height of the latter, then the hose is lowered - mooring along the stern guide element of the vessel with subsequent connection to the root end of the hose and - anchor leg fixed to the apparatus fixed structure.

The achievement of the technical result is also facilitated by the fact that the pit is torn off with a height commensurate with the height of the hull of the structure, while the production of the leveling layer is carried out by pouring gravel material with subsequent equalization, while the hull is launched from the vessel of the technical fleet.

The result is achieved by the fact that before the ballasting of the housing, the cargo hose of the underwater pipeline is connected to the housing of a fixed design and the holes in the bottom are closed, after the ballasting of the housing, access means to the compartments are closed.

To achieve a technical result, the ballasting of the housing is carried out by supplying a hydraulic mixture of ballast material to each compartment of the housing, except for the compartment with the valve for the fluid.

The achievement of the technical result is also facilitated by the fact that crushed stone is used as the gravel material used to make the bed and fill the sinuses of the foundation pit.

The result is achieved by the fact that equalizing the bed, connecting the cargo hose of the underwater pipeline to the housing of the fixed structure and the first section of the hose - mooring to the root end of the latter, ballasting the housing of the fixed structure, closing the holes and means of access to each compartment is carried out using divers.

The achievement of the result is also facilitated by the use of barite concentrate as a ballast material.

So, the analysis of the revealed information about the current level of technology in these areas and the essence of the proposed group of inventions showed that the latter meet the patentability criterion of “novelty”.

The presence in the vessel of a technical fleet comprising a hull with a stern end having a transom and a deck, a stern guide element for the pipeline makes it possible to use the vessel for laying the pipeline.

The implementation of the feed guide element in the form of a support surface mounted on a supporting structure, consisting of racks arranged in a row along the left and right sides, gives the feed guide element a slip shape, thereby ensuring the simplicity of the shape of the feed guide element.

The connection of the struts of the supporting structure to each other in the longitudinal plane by single braces, and in the transverse plane by intersecting braces provides not only the simplicity of the stern guide element design, but also its high reliability, strength, and stability on the vessel. This significantly improves the performance of the ship as a whole.

The implementation of racks of a supporting structure of different heights with the possibility of forming a supporting surface in a longitudinal section of a curvilinear-convex arc, providing a minimum bending radius of the pipeline, makes it possible to launch sufficiently inflexible pipelines into the water, in particular a mooring hose, without any fractures in the section.

The fixed mounting of the aft guide element on the deck and transom of the aft end of the vessel with the possibility of bending around the supporting surface of the vessel ensures the reliability, strength and stability of the placement of the aft guide element on the vessel. In addition, this allows the descent of the pipeline from the vessel into the water without any impact on the transom of the aft end and without fractures, which together with other signs improves the operational characteristics of the vessel as a whole.

Providing the supporting structure of the aft guide element with bases, on which the racks are rigidly fixed, fixedly mounted on the deck and on the transom of the aft end by means of detachable joints, provides not only reliable, stable placement of the aft guide element on the vessel, but also in the absence of the need for a feed guide element the latter can be easily and quickly removed from the vessel. At the same time, the extra space needed to fulfill other technical goals is freed. This greatly improves the performance of the vessel.

This is also facilitated by the fact that the aft guiding element is made of two parts fixedly interconnected by means of detachable connections, one of which is located on the deck, the other on the transom of the aft end. In addition, this embodiment of the stern guide element greatly simplifies its mounting on the vessel, its removal from the vessel, which, together with other features, significantly improves the operational characteristics of the vessel and expands its operational capabilities.

The implementation of the supporting surface of the aft guide element with side rails prevents the pipeline from involuntarily jumping off the aft guide element during its descent from the vessel, which, together with other features, increases the reliability and stability of the aft guide element, and therefore the vessel as a whole.

An underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of ships, mainly tankers, containing a fixed structure fixed to the seabed, having a device connected to the latter with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, and a fluid valve connected to the cargo hose of the underwater pipeline by means of flanges, mooring, and a flexible pipeline for transporting fluid to a moored tanker, provides single-anchor mooring of tankers and their maintenance for transporting fluid whose environment in the open sea at any time, regardless of the direction of the prevailing wind, in the direction most convenient for them, with the possibility of turning in a full circle.

The implementation of the flexible pipeline for transporting the fluid and the mooring in the form of a single mooring hose, the root end of which is fixed to the device of a fixed design, eliminates the twisting of the hose and mooring, provides a simple, economical and reliable mooring of the vessel and makes it possible to dispatch the fluid to the moored tanker through the hose mooring lines.

The implementation of a fixed structure in the form of a cylindrical hollow body with a bottom, equipped with a lid and partitions placed inside the body with the division of the internal volume of the latter into compartments, makes the underwater structure quite simple and at the same time strong, reliable. This makes it possible to simplify the method of constructing an underwater structure.

The supply of the housing cover with means providing access to each compartment and provided with closures allows loading all the compartments, except for the functional one, in which the valve for the fluid is located, with ballast material when erecting the underwater system. At the same time, the necessary guaranteed landing of the case is provided. And closures prevent leaching of ballast material from the housing during operation of the system, which also increases the reliability and stability of the system.

Providing the enclosure with a fence mounted on the bottom and having a grid of sub-bottom ribs made radial provides a fixed-design enclosure with a reliable fit and sufficient stability of the enclosure on the ground by deepening the enclosure ribs in the bed of the prepared soil base and ensuring minimal flat shear along the ground. This significantly improves the reliability of the underwater system.

Preparation of the soil base by extracting the excavation pit by withdrawing the selected soil, making an equalization layer of gravel material (bed) at the bottom of the excavation pit, by filling the latter with subsequent bed leveling ensures uniform placement of the system casing inside the foundation pit on the latter, which also increases the stability of the underwater system, and therefore, its reliability during operation.

Opening holes in the bottom and access means in the lid before lowering the housing of a fixed design allows the latter to be lowered onto the bed under its own weight, which greatly simplifies the construction of the underwater system.

The connection of the underwater pipeline cargo hose body to the body of the fixed structure before ballasting provides not only the functional preparation of the underwater system for shipment of the fluid, but also additional stability.

The implementation of the ballasting of the housing by supplying a hydraulic mixture of ballast material to each compartment of the housing, except for the compartment with the valve for the fluid, contributes to the accurate filling of each compartment of the housing with ballast material and provides additional crushing of the enclosure enclosure with a net of sub-rib ribs in bed. This increases the efficiency of landing of the hull on the ground, which significantly increases the reliability of fixing the hull of the system on the ground, which together with other features provides the necessary and sufficient reliability and stability of the design of the underwater system during mooring and servicing of ships on the high seas.

The supply of access to each compartment, which is closed after ballasting, prevents closure of leaching of ballast material from the compartments during operation of the underwater system, while maintaining the reliability and stability of the latter.

Filling the pit sinuses after ballasting the hull with gravel material around the perimeter of the latter to its entire height gives additional stability and, consequently, the reliability of the underwater system.

The use of crushed stone as a gravel material for the preparation of the bed and filling of the pit sinuses ensures the reliability and stability of the underwater structure, since this material is characterized by high strength characteristics.

The use of barite concentrate as a ballast material, which is characterized by high density and high weight, also contributes to the weighting of the hull, providing its additional deepening in the ground.

The descent along the stern guide element of the technical fleet vessel assembled at the last sections of the mooring hose and then connecting it to the root end of the mooring hose after the hull is fully installed not only prevents damage to the mooring hose during its descent, but also ensures its readiness for mooring and ship handling of fluid shipment.

During the search by the applicant for information in the field of shipbuilding, only certain distinctive features were found among well-known objects of the same purpose, namely:

1. The presence of the feed guide element (see ed. USSR certificate No. 1773794 for the invention “Pipelaying vessel”). However, the design, form and connections are completely different.

2. A working platform that performs the function of a feed guiding element (see USSR patent No. 648070 for the invention “Barge for laying a pipeline to the bottom of a water area”). However, the design, form and connections are completely different.

3. Slip for laying the cable, as well as massive built-in elements, also performing the function of a stern guiding element (see ed. USSR certificate No. 1164142 for the invention “Cable laying vessel”). However, the design, form and connections are completely different.

4. Slips on fishing vessels such as a viaduct with the formation of an arch space are also known (see utility models No. 15566, 19019 for “Fishing trawlers for fodder trawling”). However, the design, shape and connections are different. In addition, they are intended for other purposes.

In the course of the search by the applicant for information in the field of underwater structures and methods for their construction, certain distinctive features of the claimed inventions were discovered among well-known objects of the same purpose, namely:

1. Hollow body with compartments (see ed. USSR certificate of the USSR No. 1530658 for the invention “Underwater hydraulic structure”). However, the shape of the case and the location of the compartments are different.

2. A swivel structure with a receiving head located along the axis of the fixed structure outside its hull (see ed. USSR certificate No. 1342818 for the invention “Raid berth”). However, the shape of the structure, the fastening and the connections between the structure and the moored vessel are completely different.

3. Filling the cavities with material (see ed. USSR certificate of the USSR No. 1497334 for the invention “Method for erecting the foundation of a hydraulic structure”). However, the cavities are not located in the hydraulic structure (support block), but in the ground under the support block.

4. Installation of hydraulic structures by ballasting the hulls of the latter with ballast material (see ed. USSR USSR No. 1821525 for the invention “Hydraulic engineering structure for hydrocarbon production on the continental shelf in the Subpolar deep-sea waters and the method of its construction”, RF patent No. 2180029 for the invention “ An ice-resistant complex for the development of a shallow continental shelf and the method of its formation ”). This intended operation is similar, however, the way to perform ballasting in known solutions is different.

5. The conclusion of the selected soil to the surface (see RF patent No. 2200795 for the invention “Method of construction of piles in the soil”). The intended operation is similar.

6. Filling the sinus of the hydraulic structure with soil (see ed. USSR certificate No. 1418397 for the invention “Method for the construction of a hydraulic structure”). A similar operation. However, the form and function of the hydraulic structure in the known solution are different.

Moreover, in the current level of technology other distinctive features have not been identified, their shape, location, relationships of elements, individual operations, as well as most of the identified features have a different purpose, function, shape. In addition, the set of essential distinguishing features of the claimed group of inventions during the search was not found.

Thus, based on the analysis of the revealed information about the existing level of technology in these areas and the analysis of the set of essential distinguishing features of the proposed group of inventions united by a single inventive concept, the latter do not follow explicitly from the existing level of technology and contribute to the achievement of new technical results.

Therefore, the proposed group of inventions has such a patentability criterion as “inventive step”.

The proposed group of inventions “Technical fleet vessel, underwater system for single-mooring and ship servicing and the method of its construction” is explained using the drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a technical fleet vessel (side view) when used for the construction of an underwater system;

figure 2 - the aft end of the vessel with a stern guiding element, a longitudinal section;

figure 3 is the same as in figure 2, a top view;

figure 4 is a feed guide element, section aa from figure 2;

figure 5 - the upper part of the feed guide element;

6 is an underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of ships, side view;

Fig.7 is the same as in Fig.6, a top view;

Fig. 8 is an isometric illustration of a fixed structure;

Fig.9 is a view aa from Fig;

figure 10 - housing of a fixed structure mounted on the bottom of the pit, in section;

11 - the same as in figure 10, with connected cargo hoses;

Fig.12 is the same as in Fig.11, a top view;

Fig.13 is the same as in Fig.11, with a technical fleet vessel.

The technical fleet vessel 1, in particular the killer (see FIG. 1), comprises a hull 2 with a stern end 3 having a transom 4, a deck 5 on which lifting devices are installed, and a stern guide element 6 for the pipeline, namely for the hose - Mooring 7.

Stern guide element 6 (see figure 2, 3) is made in the form of a supporting surface 8 made of a steel sheet and rigidly mounted on a supporting structure 9.

The supporting structure 9 (see Figs. 4, 5) consists of steel struts 10 arranged in a row along the left and right sides of the ship 1. In the transverse plane of the strut 10 are rigidly connected by intersecting steel braces 11, for example, by welding. In the longitudinal plane of the strut 10 (see figure 2, 5) are rigidly connected by a single steel braces 12, for example, by welding.

The supporting surface 8 is rigidly attached to the upper ends 13 of the uprights 10, for example, by welding.

Racks 10 are made of different heights (see figure 2) with the possibility of the formation of the supporting surface 8 in the longitudinal section of a curved-convex arc 14, providing a minimum bending radius of the hose-mooring 7. This prevents the fracture of the latter during the descent from the stern guide element 6 of the vessel 1 in water.

Racks 10 of the supporting structure 9 with their lower ends 15 are mounted on the bases 16 made of steel sheets and are rigidly attached to them, for example, by welding.

The feed guide element 6 (see FIGS. 2, 3) is made of two parts, the upper part 17 is located on deck 5, the lower part 18 is on the transom 4 of the aft end 3. Parts 17 and 18 of the aft guide element b are motionlessly interconnected the supporting surface 8, the upper 13 and lower 15 ends of the uprights 10 by means of detachable connections, for example, bolted (not shown). The connection of the parts 17 and 18 is shown schematically in FIG. 2.

The base 16 (see Fig. 4, 5) of the stern guide element 6 is fixedly mounted on the deck 5 and transom 4 by means of detachable connections, for example screw (not shown), providing removal of both parts 17 and 18 of the stern guide element 6 from the vessel 1.

The aft guide element 6 is provided with side barriers 19 (see Figs. 3, 4) made of steel and welded to the supporting surface 8. The side barriers 19 are necessary to prevent the mooring hose 7 from jumping off the aft guide element 6 during its descent from the vessel 1 into the water.

Stern guide element 6 is supported by beams, namely:

1. along the horizontal axis of the aft guide element 6 - beam 20 by hard mounting to the supporting surface 8, for example, by welding,

2. in the transverse planes of the intersecting braces 11 - beams 21 by rigid attachment to the uprights 10, for example, by welding.

On vessel 1, the following lifting devices are installed:

1. Feed cargo device 22 (see figure 1), which is a ship cargo slewing crane, for example, KE-26 (see book: N.E. Grachev, N.A. Frolov. Operation of the cargo device on ships . - M.: Transport, 1974, p. 50-54.). This cargo device is designed to receive floating cargo and cargo from the water.

2. A cargo rotary boom 23 in double -pended execution mounted on the port side of vessel 1 (see book: N.E. Grachev, N.A. Frolov. Operation of a cargo device on sea vessels. - M.: Transport, 1974, p. . 30-32).

The best example of a specific implementation of the underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of ships, mainly tankers, and the method of its construction is shown in Fig.6-13.

The underwater system comprises a fixed structure fixed to the seabed 24 (see FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), made in the form of a hollow body 25, having a rotary device 26 connected to the latter with the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis of the structure, and the main valve 27 for the fluid, mainly oil, connected to the cargo hose 28 (see Fig. 11, 12) of an underwater pipe (not shown) through auxiliary valves 29 (see Fig. 6, 7) for the fluid, for example, the number of 2 pieces, and the hose - mooring 7 for the implementation of mooring ships and oil transportation from an underwater pipeline to a tanker (not shown).

In order to ensure the smooth operation of the underwater system, a spare cargo hose 28 is provided.

The housing 25 (see Figs. 7, 8) is a welded hollow cylindrical structure with a fixed cover 30. Inside the housing 25, partitions 31 are placed that act as stiffeners and divide the volume of the housing 25 into compartments 32. The partitions 31 are welded to the inner side wall the housing 25 and the outer surface of the inner hollow cylinder 33 located in the center of the housing 25.

The inner cylinder 33 is necessary for the passage of the cargo hose 28 inside it for its connection to the hose - mooring 7.

The material of the housing 25, the partitions 31 and the inner cylinder 33 is steel. The height of the housing 25 is 2.5 m, the total weight of the fixed structure is 90 tons.

The cover 30 of the housing 25 is made with hatches 34 located in each compartment 32, except for one compartment 35, inside which the main valve 27 and auxiliary valves 29 are located. One valve 29 is installed on the main cargo hose 28 of the underwater pipeline, the other valve 29 is on the spare cargo hose 28.

In the compartment 35, in which the main 27 and auxiliary valves 29 are located, an access means is provided in the form of sliding flaps 36. This is done for easy access to the valves 27, 29 during operation of the underwater system.

Each hatch 34 is provided with a cover (not shown).

The housing 25 (see Fig. 9) is equipped with a fence made in the form of a hollow steel cylinder welded to the bottom 37 along the perimeter of the housing 25. The height of the fence is 250 mm, the wall thickness is 20 mm. The guard has sub-plate ribs 38 welded to the bottom 37 and the inner side surface of the hollow cylindrical guard. The ribs 38 are made radial and taken, for example, in the amount of 8 pieces. The height of the ribs 38 is 100 mm, the thickness is 10 mm. Between each other, the ribs 38 are connected by transverse rods 39 by welding, thus forming a grid.

Cross rods 39 form concentric circles, for example, in the amount of 3 pieces. This design of the fence provides a reliable and guaranteed fit and the most durable fixing of the housing at the bottom of the pit during the construction of the underwater system. This provides high stability on the ground.

The bottom 37 is made with at least one hole 40 in each compartment 32. Although there may be more than one hole depending on the diameter of the holes 40. The holes 40 are provided with covers (not shown).

The mooring hose 7 is a massive pipeline with an inner diameter of 400 mm, consisting of individual sections, for example of 8 sections, each 12 m long. Due to the fact that the hose - mooring 7 must withstand maximum loads during mooring and maintenance of ships, it is made of reinforced composite material. The individual sections of the hose - mooring 7 are interconnected in a known manner, for example using flanges.

The hose - mooring 7 (see Fig.6, 7) with the root end 41 is mounted on the rotary device 26 in a known manner, for example, using a flange. The rotary device 26 provides the necessary mobility to the hose - mooring 7 during mooring and maintenance of tankers and the connection of the hose - mooring 7 with the cargo hose 28 of the underwater pipeline. The rotary device 26 is made on the principle of a swivel, but in this application the applicant does not want to disclose the design features of this rotary device 26.

For reliable fastening of the root end 41 of the hose - the mooring 7 on the rotary device 26, a fork 42 is provided, mounted on the rotary device 26 with its bifurcated part in a known manner, for example using flange connections (not shown). At the opposite end 43 of the plug 42, the root end 41 of the hose - mooring 7 is fixed in a known manner, for example using eyes (not shown).

A method of constructing an underwater system for single-mooring and servicing vessels using a technical fleet vessel is shown in FIGS. 10, 11, 12, 13 and is carried out as follows.

All work on the construction of an underwater system on the soil of the seabed 24 is carried out in two stages: preparatory and main.

The preparatory phase involves diving survey of the seabed 24 and the preparation of the site for the installation of the hull 25 at the construction site of the underwater system in the area of the underwater pipeline. Diving inspection is carried out by divers from a diving station (not shown) located, in particular, on a marine diving self-propelled boat (see the book: Prospect of auxiliary sea and river vessels and floating equipment. - Leningrad: LCPKB, 1983, p. 169), (1).

The main stage can be divided into the following groups of operations:

- loading the design of the underwater system on the ship 1 of the technical fleet;

- transportation to the construction site of the underwater system;

- installation of vessel 1 of the technical fleet at the construction site of the underwater system;

- the process of constructing the design of the underwater system.

Loading the design of the underwater system on the ship 1 is carried out from the pier. The design is mounted on a special stand made of timber (not shown) installed on deck 5 at the aft end 3 of vessel 1. Then, it is transported to the installation site.

At the construction site of the underwater system, a soil base is prepared (see Fig. 10, 11). To do this, carry out a passage of the pit 44 with the withdrawal of the selected soil. Pit 44 is torn off with a depth of 2.5 m, commensurate with the height of the structure of the underwater system. For fragments of pit 44, a marine crane is used, for example, project 1511 with a lifting capacity of 100 tons, equipped with a clamshell bucket, see (1), p. 427.

Selected soil is loaded onto a non-self-propelled barge, for example, project 1735 with a carrying capacity of 400 tons, see (1), p. 273 and transported to an underwater landfill up to 50 km away.

Then, at the bottom of the pit 44, a bed 45 is made of gravel material, in particular crushed stone, characterized by high strength properties. To the place where the bed was made, 45 gravel is delivered on a non-self-propelled barge. Dumping of crushed stone is carried out using a marine floating crane. Then, after filling the crushed stone bed 45, the divers make a very careful alignment of the bed 45, which further facilitates the installation of the housing 25 without distortions.

Vessel 1 of the technical fleet is installed on 4 anchors at the installation site of the underwater system and precisely positioned using special equipment.

On the vessel 1 of the technical fleet, the design of the underwater system is prepared for launching on bed 45. To do this, open the holes 40 in the bottom 37 of the housing 25 and the hatches 34 in the cover 30. Using the feed cargo device 22, the housing 25 is lowered with the rotary device 26 with the mooring 7. attached to the last root end 41 of the hose. The descent is carried out at a time under the action own weight of the fixed design. At the same time, the enclosure fence 25 with a net of sub-plate ribs 38 is sunk into the bed 45 prepared at the bottom of the foundation pit 44. The developed mesh of the sub-plate radial ribs 38 ensures a guaranteed fit of the case 25 onto the bed 45 and a flat shift on the ground, preventing another shift of the bottom 37 along the ground. This provides a sufficiently high reliability and structural stability of the underwater system.

The installation process at the bottom of the pit 44 is controlled by divers, as well as using special devices installed on the vessel 1 of the technical fleet.

After installing the housing 25 on the bed 45 of the pit 44, the holes 40 in the bottom 37 of the housing 25 are closed, thereby preventing leaching of the gravel material of the bed 45. Divers perform this operation.

Then carry out the connection of the cargo hose 28 (main and auxiliary) of the underwater pipeline to the housing 25 of a fixed design, for example, using flanges. This operation is also performed by divers.

Then carry out the ballasting of the housing 25 by feeding into the compartments 32 of the housing 25, in addition to the compartment 35, in which the valves 27 and 29 are located, hydraulic mixtures of ballast material.

As a ballast material, barite concentrate is used, characterized by high strength characteristics. The ballasting of the hull 25 is carried out in a known manner, for example, through a pipe fixed at one end to a vessel 1 or another technical vessel, and at the other end installed in turn into each compartment 32 through a hatch 34 (pipe not shown). Perform this operation with the help of divers.

After the ballasting of the housing 25, the hatches 34 in the lid 30 are closed, thereby preventing the leaching of barite concentrate. It also provides the reliability and stability of the underwater system. This operation is also performed by divers.

Then carry out the backfilling of rubble formed after installing the housing 25 on the bed 45 sinuses 46 of the pit 44 to the entire height of the housing 25 along its perimeter. Backfilling of the pit 44 also increases the reliability and stability of the underwater system.

On the deck 5 in the aft end 3 of the vessel 1 of the technical fleet with the help of a cargo rotary boom 23 place and fix the aft guide element 6. To do this, fix parts 17 and 18, respectively, on the deck 5 in the aft end 3 and transom 4. For this base 16, on which the parts 17 and 18 are rigidly mounted, by means of detachable joints they are fixedly fixed first, respectively, on deck 5, then on the transom 4. Between themselves, both parts 17 and 18 are also fixedly connected by means of detachable connections on the supporting surface 8, ver 13 and the lower 15 ends of the struts 10. Thus, the technical fleet vessel 1 is ready for the next operation, namely, the descent of the hose - mooring 7. On deck 5, several sections of the hose - mooring 7, for example, 3-4 sections, are connected using flanges.

First, the first section of the mooring hose 7 is lowered along the stern guide element 6 using the stern load device 22 to the area of the housing 25 with the rotary device 26 and the root end 41. Divers connect it with the help of flanges to the root end 41. Then, on the stern guide element 6 using the rotary boom 23 carry out a serial connection and descent along it the remaining sections of the hose-mooring 7. Connection is carried out using known underwater mechanisms.

The formation of the supporting surface 8 of the feed guide element 6 in a longitudinal section of a curvilinear-convex arc 14, providing a minimum bending radius of the hose-mooring 7, prevents the fracture of the hose-mooring 7 during its descent along the feed guide element 6 into the water on the seabed 24.

Thus, the underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of ships is reliably and stably built on the seabed 24 on a prepared soil base and is ready for operation.

If necessary, remove the feed guide element 6 from the vessel 1 is carried out in the reverse order. First, parts 17 and 18 are disconnected from each other. Then, the bases 16 of part 17 are unfastened, which, using the rotary boom 23, is removed from deck 5. Then, part 18 is similarly removed from the transom 4 of the aft end 3. So, the technical fleet vessel 1 is ready for other technical tasks.

Thus, as a result of applying this group of inventions, the set new technical results are achieved for each invention individually and as a whole for the group. High operational efficiency of the underwater system for single-mooring and ship maintenance is provided.

Therefore, the proposed group of inventions meets the patentability criterion of "industrial applicability".

Currently, the proposed underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of ships using the proposed technical fleet is constructed by the proposed method on the shelf in the Barents Sea in the Timan-Pechora region and has successfully passed tests, showing high reliability and stability during operation.

Claims (16)

1. The technical fleet vessel, comprising a hull with a stern end having a transom and a deck on which lifting devices are installed, and a stern guide element for the pipeline, characterized in that the stern guide element is made in the form of a supporting surface mounted on a supporting structure, consisting from racks located in a row along the left and right sides and interconnected in the longitudinal plane by single braces, and in the transverse plane by intersecting braces, while the racks are made of different heights with the possibility of forming a supporting surface in a longitudinal section of a curvilinear-convex arc providing a minimum bending radius of the pipeline, the aft guiding element is fixedly mounted on the deck and on the transom of the aft end with the possibility of bending around the supporting surface of the latter. 2. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure of the aft guide element is provided with bases on which the racks are rigidly fixed, the bases being fixedly mounted on the deck and on the transom of the aft end by means of detachable joints. 3. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the stern guide element is made of two parts motionlessly interconnected by means of detachable joints, one of which is located on the deck, the other on the transom of the aft end. 4. The vessel according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the supporting surface of the aft guide element is made with side rails. 5. An underwater system for single-mooring and servicing of ships, mainly tankers, containing a fixed structure fixed to the seabed, having a device connected to the latter with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis, and a fluid valve connected to the cargo hose of the underwater pipeline, mooring lines and a flexible pipeline for transporting a fluid to a moored tanker, characterized in that the flexible pipeline for transporting a fluid and moorings is made as a single th mooring hose, the root end of which is fixed to a device of a fixed design, the latter is made in the form of a hollow body with a bottom, equipped with a cover and partitions placed inside the body with dividing the internal volume of the latter into compartments, the housing cover is equipped with means providing access to each compartment the housing is equipped with a guard mounted on the bottom and having a grid of sub-bottom ribs, the bottom being made with at least one hole in each compartment. 6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the housing is of a fixed design made of cylindrical shape, the housing cover is fixed, the valve for the fluid is located in one of the compartments of the housing. 7. The system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the means of access to each compartment and openings in the bottom of the housing made in the lid are provided with closures. 8. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the sub-plate ribs of the fencing mesh are made radial. 9. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the mooring hose consists of separate sections interconnected by means of flanges. 10. The method of constructing an underwater system described in claim 5, in which the hull is lowered onto a prepared soil base and the hull is ballasted by filling the compartments of the latter with ballast material, characterized in that they additionally use a technical fleet vessel equipped with a feed guide element for the pipeline, mainly hose - mooring, and the soil base is prepared by extracting the pit with the withdrawal of the selected soil, making at the bottom of the pit an equalizing layer of gra of material (bed), before lowering the hull open holes in the bottom of the hull and access means in the lid, the lowering of the hull onto the bed is carried out under the influence of the dead weight of the hull, allowing the hull fencing with a net of underfoot ribs to be deepened in bed, after the ballasting of the hull, the pit sinuses are filled gravel material along the perimeter of the hull to the entire height of the latter, then the hose is lowered - mooring along the stern guide element of the vessel with subsequent connection to the root end of the seam Yang - mooring line, fixed to the apparatus fixed structure. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the pit is torn off with a height commensurate with the height of the hull of the structure, while the production of the leveling layer is carried out by pouring gravel material with subsequent equalization, and the hull is carried out from the vessel of the technical fleet. 12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that before the ballasting of the housing, the cargo hose of the underwater pipeline is connected to the housing of a fixed structure and the holes in the bottom are closed, after the ballasting of the housing, access means to the compartments are closed. 13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the ballasting of the housing is carried out by supplying a hydraulic mixture of ballast material to each compartment of the housing, except for the compartment with the valve for the fluid. 14. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that crushed stone is used as the gravel material used to make the bed and fill the sinuses of the foundation pit. 15. The method according to any one of paragraphs.10-14, characterized in that the bed is equal, connecting the cargo hose of the underwater pipeline to the housing of the fixed structure and the first section of the hose is mooring to the root end of the latter, ballasting the housing of the fixed structure, closing the holes and means of access to each compartment is carried out using divers. 16. The method according to claim 10 or 13, characterized in that the barite concentrate is used as the ballast material.

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