RU2245243C2 - Method of production of volumetric profile items using a profile milling machine and a device for machining of billets from wood and other solid materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: woodworking industry; building industry; metalworking industry; mining and other branches of industry.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with the fields of woodworking industry, building industry, metalworking industry, mining and other branches of industry and may be used for production of volumetric cross-profile items such as bodies of revolution. The technical result is a raise of processing capabilities of volumetric transversal milling at a high grade of a surface finishing. The method includes a transversal milling by a cutting tool at rotation in centers of a billet, a transversal copying. At that the milling operations are realized by a device with a cutting tool rotating eccentrically in respect to the center of rotation of the driving shaft, with a controlled shift by value of an increment "e". Thickness of a cutting off layer is adjusted by an increase of an angle of a cutting tool in respect to a symmetry axis, and the cutting depth for one pass makes ex2+h of a cutting tool, where "h" of the cutting tool is a height of the cutting tool point. The device includes a stand, a driving shaft, on which with the help of two pressing washers with a capability to adjust the shift the cutting tool is eccentrically installed. The pressing washers are made with the setting and balance bores. Along the periphery of the cutting tool and the pressing washers there are pin bores and the cutting tool is balanced using calibrating bushes.

EFFECT: the invention ensures a raise of processing capabilities of volumetric transversal milling at a high grade of a surface finishing.

3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to woodworking, construction, metalworking, mining, in particular to the production of volume profile products such as bodies of revolution, faceted and asymmetric (so-called balusters) and to design a device with a cutting tool (circular mill, circular saw) milling for the manufacture of multifaceted carved parts of complex shape from wooden blanks and other hard materials.

A known method for producing curved surfaces in workpieces, including installing the workpiece on a table and processing its surface using a cylindrical cutter that rotates around its own axis and rotates around the axis of its circular motion, the eccentric axis of rotation of the mill, the axis of rotation of the mill is placed at an angle to the axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the mill and spaced from the axis of circular motion of the mill [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the limited scope.

Known circular planing saw, including a disk, on the circumference of which cutters are made with an emphasis restricting the supply of a hard alloy plate to the tooth, a planing cutter and slots [2].

The disadvantage is that with the curved movement of the saw it is impossible to get the product in one cycle, as well as in the short life of the saws due to the rapid wear of the cutters.

Known saw mechanism, including the bed, a circular saw, mounted on the frame of the roller bearings and flat inductors of the drive motor, the rotor of which is a ring saw [3].

The disadvantage is the complexity of the mechanism, a narrow scope.

Known saw node circular saw machine, including a saw blade, the main and additional faceplates, damper device and mount the saw blade [4].

The disadvantage is the narrow scope of practical use.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of volumetric milling on a copy-milling machine, including transverse milling when rotating a workpiece with a disk mill that carries out a transverse feed movement from the copier, the axis of rotation of the disk mill is parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, transverse copying, carried out with transverse feed or transverse and additional longitudinal feeds [5].

The disadvantage of this method is that with volumetric curvilinear transverse milling, the formation of chips and splitting of wood is possible, due to the difficult adjustment of the angle of rotation of the disk cutter, the cutting tool is of rather complicated design and the shape of its cutting part, in the form of rounded cutters (twists), the depth of cut is limited the height of the cutter.

Closest to the claimed is a device for the manufacture of profile blanks from wood, including a bed, a drive shaft with circular saws installed between the support and clamping washers, controls for circular saws [6].

A disadvantage of the known is the complexity of the device, the complexity of operation, requires the installation of several circular saws.

The main task to be solved by the claimed method of obtaining volumetric profile products on a copy-milling machine and a device for processing workpieces from wood and other solid materials is to increase the technological capabilities of volumetric transverse milling, obtaining parts of complex shape and configuration with a high class of cleanliness of the resulting surface products.

A single technological result achieved in the implementation of the claimed group of inventions is to reduce the occurrence of chips and splitting during surface treatment, increase the vibration resistance of the workpiece during longitudinal feeding, reduce the effort to feed the cutting tool, which makes the cutting process softer, obtaining the product in one cycle, exception tool changes, increasing labor productivity.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of producing three-dimensional shaped products on a copy-milling machine, including transverse milling when rotating in the centers of the workpiece with a cutting tool, transverse copying, carried out with transverse feed or transverse and additional longitudinal feeds, according to the invention, transverse milling of the workpiece carried out by means of a device with a cutting tool rotating eccentrically relative to the center of rotation of the drive in Ala, with an adjustable offset by the increment value, with each cutter having its own milling path and as the distance from the center the thickness of the cut layer decreases, the farthest cutter removes the minimum thickness, which is additionally regulated by increasing the cutter angle relative to the axis of symmetry, cutting depth in one pass will be e × 2 + h cutter,

where: h cutter - the height of the tooth of the cutter;

e is the increment from the center of rotation to the center of the drive shaft.

It is also achieved by the fact that the finished product is obtained in one cycle.

The cutting path of curvilinear milling represents complex curves combining cycloid and helical movements of the cutting edge, with each cutter having its own cutting path. When using the method there are practically no chips and chips, when processing the surface, which allows to obtain a high class of product purity. The finished product is obtained in various volumetric longitudinal configurations in a single cycle, without changing the tool, reinstalling the workpiece.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for processing workpieces made of wood and other solid materials, including a bed, a drive shaft with a cutting tool, clamping washers, according to the invention, the cutting tool is mounted eccentrically with two clamping washers with the possibility of adjusting the displacement relative to the center of the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, the clamping washers are made with mounting holes in the center and, in addition, balancing holes, on the periphery of the cutting of the tool and clamping washers are pin holes for adjusting the angle of offset relative to each other and the axis of symmetry, the cutting tool is capable of balancing the calibration sleeve to be installed in a balancing hole.

In the present application for the grant of a patent, the requirement of the unity of inventions is complied with, since the method and device are intended for obtaining volume profile products.

The claimed inventions solve the same problem - obtaining volumetric shaped products with a high class of surface cleanliness and technical result when carrying out the inventions - increasing the vibration resistance of the workpiece during longitudinal feeding, reducing the effort to feed the cutting tool, obtaining the product in one cycle.

Figure 1, 2 shows a method of obtaining volumetric shaped products on a copy-milling machine and a device for processing billets of wood and other solid materials.

Figure 1, 2A shows a method of obtaining volumetric shaped products on a copy-milling machine with transverse milling with longitudinal transmission with a rotating workpiece.

In Fig.1, 2b - shows a method with transverse milling with longitudinal transmission with a fixed workpiece.

Figure 3 - shows a scan of the cutting tool in the form of a multi-cut wedge, working in increment and decrease.

On figa - shows the clamping washer and its section along aa.

On figb - shows a cutting tool (circular saw)

Figure 5 a, b, c - shows the possible product options obtained by the proposed method.

The method of obtaining volumetric shaped products on a copy-milling machine is carried out by the following technology.

The model is installed on the table guide, synchronized with it, the workpiece 1 is rotated clamped in the centers (Fig. 1, 2), kinematically connected with the model, the copy roller rolling around the model moves the working support and device closer and closer, as a result of moving the support, a transverse feed is created V ₁ cutting tool on the workpiece 1, allowing it to be processed during rotation with an angular speed V ₃ in accordance with the profile of the model (Fig. 1, 2a), as well as a fixed workpiece 1 (Fig. 1, 2b), while transverse copying with longitudinal No feed is possible for parts of all shapes, including asymmetric ones. With this processing method, a device with a cutting tool is used (FIGS. 1, 2), which is mounted on the drive shaft in the center of the mounting hole of the device, receiving an offset value of the increment from the center of rotation O to the center of the drive shaft O ₁ . The cutting depth in one pass is e × 2 + h of the cutter.

The device with a cutting tool rotates with an angular velocity V ₂ (Figa, b). The rotation of the cutting tool transverse milling of the workpiece. A device with a cutting tool mounted on the drive shaft 5 (Figure 2), transversely copies from the feed V ₁ (Fig.2a, b) with a longitudinal feed of V ₄ . The cutting tool works on the principle of a multi-cut wedge (Figure 3), which smoothly enters and leaves the workpiece, thereby increasing the vibration resistance of the part during longitudinal feeding and reducing the force on the supply of tools.

When using the method and device, tool change to obtain products of various volume profile configurations. The finished product is obtained in one cycle (Figure 5).

A device for processing workpieces made of wood and other solid materials (Fig.1, 2) includes a cutting tool 2, clamping washers 3, pins 6.

The cutting tool is made in the form of a circular saw (Fig.4b), containing a disk 2, on the circumference of which cutters 9 are made with an emphasis restricting the supply to the tooth, with a carbide plate, cutters.

The center hole 10 and the pin holes 11 are made in the disk along the periphery of the disk.

The clamping washers 3 (Fig. 4a) have a seating 7 and a balancing hole 4. The distance from the axis of the mounting hole to the axis of the balancing hole is 1 pin holes 12.

The device operates as follows.

The cutting tool is installed between the clamping washers 3 using the pins 6, the angle α / 2 is adjusted using the pin holes 11, on the cutting tool and the pin holes 12 on the clamping washers. The cutting tool 2 (Figure 2) is fixed with a preset eccentricity e with clamping washers 3, with balancing holes 4 and the device is mounted on the shaft using a nut 8.

The balancing of the device is additionally carried out using calibrated bushings. The device is easy to manufacture and does not require special tools.

Bibliography

1. A.S. No. 951822, B 27 C 5/08. A method of obtaining curved surfaces in the workpieces.

2. Baranov S.A., Pochekutov S.P. New in the field of wood cutting tools. Circular saws. Krasnoyarsk, 1978, p. 152-220.

3. A.S. No. 484987, B 27 V 5/00. Saw mechanism.

4. A.S. No. 125217, B 27 V 33/08. Circular saw blade assembly.

5. Manzhos F.M. Wood cutting machines. M., “Forest industry”, 1974, p. 255.

6. A.S. No. 1544454, B 27 V 5/00. A device for the manufacture of shaped wood blanks.

Claims (3)

1. The method of obtaining volumetric profile products on a copy-milling machine, including transverse milling when rotating in the centers of the workpiece with a cutting tool, transverse copying, carried out with transverse feed or transverse and additional longitudinal feeds, characterized in that the transverse milling of the workpiece is carried out by means of a device with a cutting a tool rotating eccentrically relative to the center of rotation of the drive shaft, with an adjustable offset by the increment, each second cutter has a cutting trajectory and the distance from the center of the thickness of the shear layer is reduced, most remote cutter removes a minimum thickness, which is further regulated by increasing the angle of the tool relative to the axis of symmetry, the depth of cut per pass be e × 2 + h cutter, where h cutter - the height of the tooth of the cutter; e is the increment from the center of rotation to the center of the drive shaft. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished product is obtained in one cycle. 3. A device for processing workpieces made of wood and other solid materials, including a bed, a drive shaft with a cutting tool, clamping washers, characterized in that the cutting tool is mounted eccentrically using two clamping washers with the ability to adjust the offset relative to the center of rotation of the drive shaft, clamping the washers are made with mounting holes in the center and additionally balancing holes; there are pin holes on the periphery of the cutting tool and clamping washers for adjusting la their displacement relative to each other and the axis of symmetry, the cutting tool is capable of balancing the calibration sleeve to be installed in a balancing hole.

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