RU2243952C1 - Raw mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building materials, in particular for unfired facing panels and facing bricks.

SUBSTANCE: claimed mixture contains cement, water sand and clay comprising component based on molding powder. Said clay comprising component contains (mass %): Cambrian clay 63.0; bentonite 1.5; crushed glass 4.0; granite screenings 13.0; tile powder 5.0; dolomite 13.5; sodium carbonate 0.18-0.28 over 100 % and liquid glass 0.36 over 100 %; and pigment as additive. Composition contains in total (mass %): cement 13.0-20.0; molding powder 10.0-26.0; pigment 3.0-7.0; sand 40.0-55.0; water 12.0-14.0.

EFFECT: raw mixture for facing panels and facing bricks with increased bending strength decreased water absorption, and improved cold endurance.

2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The present invention relates to building materials and can be used mainly for the production of non-fired facade tiles and facing bricks.

Known raw mixes containing clay, sand and cement (RU No. 2053973, 6 C 04 B 33/00, 1992). The disadvantages of such mixtures are low frost resistance, a high value of water absorption and a rather complicated manufacturing technology of products.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a mixture that contains clay, sand and cement, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Cement 10

Sand 45.0 ... 72.0

Clay 18.0 ... 45.0

Water until the moisture content of the raw mix from 8% to 14%

(Soil cement stones. Overview. Building materials, 1990).

A disadvantage of the known mixture is insufficiently high frost resistance and a high value of water absorption and a low value of bending strength.

The present invention is directed to the creation of a new raw material mixture for facing bricks and facade tiles with higher frost resistance and flexural strength and lower water absorption.

The stated technical problem is achieved in that in the raw material mixture containing cement, sand, clay-containing component and water, the clay-containing component contains press powder for the production of ceramic tiles of the composition, wt.%: Cambrian clay - 63.0, bentonite - 1, 5, cullet - 4.0, skull - 5.0, granite screenings - 13.0, dolomite - 13.5, sodium carbonate - Na ₂ CO ₃ - 0.18-0.28 in excess of 100% and liquid glass - 0 , 36 in excess of 100%, and additionally contains the pigment "RED", in the following ratio of components of the raw material mixture, wt.%:

Cement 13.0-20.0

Press powder 10.0-26.0

Pigment “RED” 3.0-7.0

Sand 40.0-55.0

Water 12.0-14.0.

The following materials are used in the work:

Cement of marks M 400

Pigment “RED”, TU2322-003-49990652-99.

Sand for construction work, GOST 8736-93

Press powder for the production of ceramic tiles has the following composition (table 1)

Table 1 Name wt.% Cambrian clay 63.0 Bentonite 1.5 Cullet 4.0 Skull 5,0 Granite Screenings 13.0 Dolomite 13.5 Na ₂ CO _{3 in} excess of 100% 0.18-0.28 Liquid glass over 100% 0.36

The RED pigment, developed on the basis of iron-containing waste, has the following composition: Fe ₂ O ₃ - 98%, ZnO - 2%.

At the filing date, according to the authors and the applicant, the claimed composition of the raw material mass is unknown and this technical solution is novel.

The inventive combination of essential features exhibits a new property, which allows to obtain a technical result. The press powder and the “RED” pigment present in the raw material mixture contribute to the formation of low-basic hydrosilicates of the CSH (l) type, which were identified by X-ray phase and thermographic analyzes. These minerals give the necessary strength in compression and bending, as well as frost resistance of at least 50 cycles. The optimal content of the “RED” pigment is 3-7%. When the optimal content exceeds 3%, the color of the front surface worsens and hardening processes slow down, and when the content exceeds 7%, the frost resistance of the product decreases. The optimum cement content is 13-20%. With a decrease in its content of less than 13%, bending strength decreases, and with an increase of more than 20%, the compressive strength of the finished product decreases. The optimum sand content is 40-55%. With a decrease in sand content of less than 40%, frost resistance decreases, and with an increase of more than 55%, the front surface of the product worsens. The optimum content of the press powder is 10-26%. With a decrease in the content of the press powder less than 10%, the plasticity of the mixture decreases, and with an increase of more than 26%, the workability of the raw material mixture decreases. The optimal amount of water is 12-14%. When the water content is less than 12%, the workability of the mixture deteriorates, and when the water content is more than 14%, water absorption increases and frost resistance of the finished products decreases. Considering the above, it can be concluded that the proposed composition of the raw mix does not explicitly follow from the prior art, and the whole set of essential features exhibits a new property that allows achieving the specified technical result, i.e. the invention meets the criterion of “industrial applicability”, because it can be used in the industrial manufacture of high-strength products: facade tiles and facing bricks.

An example of a specific implementation.

1. The raw material mixture is prepared as follows:

finely dispersed components: cement M400, press powder, RED pigment, as well as sand, are dosed in the required quantities, mixed in a concrete mixer, water is added to the required molding moisture, transported to the pressing section and molded products.

2. The products are kept in molds during the day at room temperature, removed from the molds and subjected to normal hardening for 28 days.

The resulting products were tested for mechanical bending strength according to GOST 8462-85, water absorption and frost resistance according to GOST 7025-91.

Physico-mechanical characteristics of the finished products are presented in table 2.

table 2 Example The composition of the raw mix, wt.% Water absorption,% Frost resistance cycles Bending Strength, MPa 1 pro Cement 10 7.7 10 5.5 totip Sand 50 Clay 40 Water up to wet STI 9% 2 Cement M400 13.0 5,0 90 6.4 Press- powder 26.0 Pigment “RED” 7.0 Sand 40.0 Water 14.0 3 Cement M400 16.5 4.8 100 7.1 Press- powder 18.0 Pigment “RED” 5.0 Sand 47.5 Water 13.0 4 Cement M400 20.0 4.9 95 6.6 Press- powder 10.0 Pigment “RED” 3.0 Sand 55.0 Water 12.0

An analysis of the data in the table shows that the proposed composition of the raw material mixture provides facade tiles and face bricks, which increase bending strength by 30% compared with the prototype, reduce water absorption by 38% and increase frost resistance by 9 times.

Claims (1)

A raw material mixture containing cement, sand, a clay component and water, characterized in that it contains a press powder as an clay component for the production of ceramic tiles, wt.%: Cambrian clay - 63.0, bentonite - 1.5, cullet - 4.0, skull - 5.0, granite screenings - 13.0, dolomite - 13.5, sodium carbonate - Na ₂ CO ₃ - 0.18 - 0.28 in excess of 100% and liquid glass - 0.36 in excess 100%, and additionally contains the pigment “RED” in the following ratio of components of the raw material mixture, wt.%: Cement 13.0-20.0 Sand 40.0-55.0 Specified Press Powder 10.0-26.0 Pigment “RED” 3.0-7.0 Water 12.0-14.0