RU2243635C1 - Hitching apparatus for combined unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, hitching equipment for connecting tractor to pull-type machines.

SUBSTANCE: hitching apparatus is designed for combined unit comprising tractor, hitch and pull-type farm machines, and is provided with tractor hitch, to which farm machine is to be fastened, hitch tongue spring-loaded relative to upper part of vertical tine and pivotally locked therewith. Vertical tine is made A-shaped, with two legs thereof being rigidly attached through adapter device to bottom part of tractor axle and mid portion being provided at both ends with eyelets for attachment of tractor hitch system. Hitch tongue is made in the form of girder and is rigidly attached to transverse bars of pull-type farm machine through connecting frame formed as horizontal bar. A-shaped tines are equipped with eyelets formed at their ends and adapted for connection to transverse bars rigidly attached to horizontal bars of pull-type farm machine. Two plates are arranged on mid portion of connecting frame and rigidly fixed to upper part of horizontal bar. Lever is pivotally fixed between two plates. Upper end of lever is cooperating in vertical plane with adjustment bolt positioned between two plates.

EFFECT: simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation of hitch apparatus.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to coupling devices for connecting a tractor to trailed machines.

Known coupling agricultural unit and.with. No. 1732828, А 01 В 59/04, containing a transverse beam, gussets, an arcuate beam, a coupler, a mechanism for translating into working and transport positions and vice versa, and a support wheel mounted on an arm, the vertical axis of which is placed in the vertical hinges of the tongue and arcuate beam and equipped with a latch, the support wheel bracket is provided with a locking device connected by a hinge to the latch and containing a cross and a rod on which elastic and locking elements are mounted, the rod being pivotally connected to the mounting nym tool bar at the arcuate tip.

The locking element is made in the form of a coupling mounted on a rod, the coupling being connected to the cross by means of a cylindrical hinge and to the rod by means of an elastic element.

The drive of the translation mechanism is made in the form of a hydraulic motor, screw and nut.

The disadvantages of this device

1. Poor maneuverability of the unit.

2. Large turning radius of the unit.

3. There is no automatic coupling device for the clutch and clutch.

The closest analogue to the claimed device relates to the coupling device of the combined unit and.with. No. 1775060, A 01 B 59/04, 49/04, consisting of a tractor, mounted and trailed agricultural machines, including a tractor mounted device, on the upper and lower links of which a mounted machine with a vertical stand is mounted, a transition frame (gland) and a correction mechanism the height of the hitch of the hitch of the trailed machine when the unit is in transport or working position, the adapter frame (gland) is installed in the upper part of the vertical rack of the mounted machine, and the correction mechanism is mounted between the adapter frame (gland) and the skeleton of the tractor and placed in a longitudinal vertical plane at an acute angle to the lower link mechanism of the tractor.

The correction mechanism is made in the form of a lever pivotally mounted on the tongue and skeleton of the tractor.

The correction mechanism is made in the form of a cable block system, the ends of the cable are rigidly fixed on the adapter frame (grip) and the skeleton of the tractor, and the unit is mounted on the vertical rack of the mounted machine, while the adapter frame (grip) is spring-loaded relative to the vertical rack.

The disadvantages of this device

1. Large turning radius of the unit.

2. There is no tension device in the cable block correction mechanism, which makes it impossible to adjust the cable as a result of its stretching during operation.

3. Insufficient rigidity of the structure at the junction of the tongue with the vertical rack of the mounted machine, which can lead to the destruction of the connection.

The task is to simplify the design of the coupling device of the combined unit and increase the reliability of the design of the coupling.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the coupling device of the combined unit, consisting of a tractor, mounted and trailed agricultural machines, mounted tractor, to which the mounted machine is attached, snits, spring-loaded relative to the upper part of the vertical rack and connected to it by a hinge lock. The vertical stand is made A-shaped, the two ends of which are rigidly attached to the lower cavity of the rear axle of the tractor through the adapter, and in its middle part has eyelets on 2 sides, while the gusset is made in the form of a truss and is rigidly fixed to the transverse through the connecting frame bars of the trailed machine (seeder).

The connecting frame is made in the form of a horizontal beam, at the ends of which are struts made Λ-shaped and containing eyes at their ends, while in the middle part on top of the horizontal beam two plates are rigidly fixed, between which a lever is pivotally fixed, the upper end of which interacts vertical plane with an adjusting bolt installed between these plates.

New significant features

1. The vertical stand is made A-shaped, the two ends of which through the adapter are rigidly attached to the lower cavity of the rear axle of the tractor, and in its middle part has eyelets on 2 sides.

2. The gnip is made in the form of a truss and through the connecting frame is rigidly attached to the transverse bars of the trailed machine (seeder).

3. The connecting frame is made in the form of a horizontal beam, at the ends of which stands are rigidly fixed, made Λ-shaped and containing eyes at their ends.

4. In the middle part on top of the horizontal beam, two plates are rigidly fixed, between which a lever is pivotally fixed, the upper end of which interacts in the vertical plane with the adjustment bolt installed between these plates.

The listed new essential features in conjunction with the known ones provide a technical result in all cases to which the requested object of legal protection applies.

Proof of the technical result.

1. The coupling device allows the use of tillage and sowing parts both as part of the unit and separately.

2. The vertical stand, made in the form of an A-shape and fastened with the lower part to the eyes of the adapter, and with its middle part attached to the eyes of the tractor trailed system, ensures rigidity and reliability of the structure, the height of the vertical A-shaped rack allows for unhindered lifting hitching the tractor with a mounted tillage machine, also ensure the appropriate position of the frame of the trailed machine (seeder) relative to the field surface and, accordingly, did not occur It is audible to the longitudinal skew of the trailed machine (seeder).

3. The vertical A-shaped rack is mounted through the adapter to the lower cavity of the rear axle of the tractor, bypassing the tractor attachment, which allows you to simultaneously attach various tillage machines to the tractor hitch.

4. The lock in the upper part of the vertical A-shaped rack provides a semi-automatic connection with the gnade through the earring, which allows you to quickly connect the gnome to the vertical A-shaped rack.

5. The spring, worn on the earring and connected to the tongue, affects the traction properties of the tractor unit, reducing jerking, increasing the smoothness of the drill, which leads to a decrease in the traction resistance of the unit.

6. The gusset, made as a whole in the form of a truss, provides rigidity and reliability of the structure, and its length makes it possible to hang various tillage implements on the tractor hitch, as a result of which the tractor with the mounted machine turns freely without touching the seeder.

7. The installation and shape of the connecting frame, on the one hand rigidly connected to the gouge, and on the other hand with the transverse bars of the trailed machine (seeder), allows the use of various types of trailed seeders.

Figure 1 shows the coupling device of the combined unit;

figure 2 - adapter, fastening a vertical A-shaped rack to the bottom of the rear axle of the tractor;

figure 3 - vertical A-shaped rack;

figure 4 - snitsa;

figure 5 - connecting frame;

figure 6 - lock;

Fig.7 - stopper.

The coupling device of the combined unit consists of a tractor 1, a mounted machine 2 with bar rollers 3, which is mounted on a linkage of a tractor 4 and a trailed machine (seeder) 5.

The vertical A-shaped rack 6 is rigidly attached to the bottom of the rear axle of the tractor 1 by means of a transition device 7.

The adapter 7 for fastening the vertical A-shaped rack 6 to the bottom of the rear axle of the tractor I is, for example, made of a plate 8 with four holes for bolts for fastening to the bottom of the rear axle of the tractor 1, four eyes 9 connected rigidly by welding with a strap 10, which is also rigidly connected to the plate 8, there are stiffening ribs 11 connecting the plate 8 with the strap 10 and the lugs 9 with the strap 10.

The vertical A-shaped rack 6 in its middle part has eyes 12 for attaching to the eyes of the hydraulic system of the tractor 1 with, for example, fingers.

The vertical A-shaped rack 6 in the upper part has a lock 13, the housing 14 of the lock 13 is rigidly fixed to the upper part of the vertical A-shaped rack 6, which has on one side a holder 15 made in the form of a cylinder, an opening is made coaxially with it in the opposite wall the housing 14 of the lock 13, into which the squeeze plate 16 with the rod 17 is inserted. A spring 18 is installed through the holder 15 to the rod 17. The holder 15 is closed by a cover 19 with an opening in the cylinder through which the end of the rod 17 secured by a cotter pin 20 passes.

On the housing 14 of the lock 13, guides 21 are made with coaxial holes in which a finger 22 made of an L-shaped shape is installed at one end and interacts with a stopper 23 located on the side opposite to the fastening of the vertical A-shaped rack 6.

The stopper 23 consists of a vertical bar 24 and on it a rigidly fixed retaining spring 25, which interacts with the finger 22 by turning it.

The lock 13 by means of the finger 22 is connected with the snip 26 through the earrings 27.

The gusset plate 26 has a welded truss-like structure consisting of two horizontal pipes 28 located relative to each other at an acute angle in the vertical plane, and a third pipe 29 located at an acute angle relative to the two horizontal pipes 28. The pipes are rigidly interconnected by cross members 30, which give rigidity to the structure.

The horizontal pipes 28 at the junction with each other have an earring 27, on which the spring 31 is worn, and the earring 27 is connected to the horizontal pipes 28 by means of a connecting sleeve 32, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the horizontal pipes 28. The earring 27 together with the spring 31 is inserted into sleeve 32 and is tightened with a nut. And at the other end, at the junction of the cross member 33, the horizontal pipes 28 have an arcuate design, at the ends of which there are connecting plates of a snits 34 with holes for fastening with connecting plates 35 of the connecting frame 36.

The length of the pipes and the construction of the ginger box 26 as a whole is determined based on the turn of the tractor 1 with the mounted machine 2 and the bar rollers 3 attached to it, so that the mounted machine 2 and rollers 3 can freely rotate when the tractor 1 is turned without touching the trailed machine (seeder) 5 when connected to the snap 26 through the connecting frame 36.

The length of the pipes (snits 26) is determined from the expression

L = l ₁ + l ₂ + l ₃ + l ₄ , m

where l ₁ - the length of the mounted machine, m;

l ₂ - the length of the bar rollers, m;

l ₃ - length, taking into account the distance between the longitudinal axis of the roller 3 and the longitudinal axis of the wheel of the trailed machine (seeder) 5, m;

l ₄ - the stock of length, taking into account the turn of the tractor 1 with a trailed machine 2 and bar rollers 3, m

The connecting frame 36 between the trailed machine (seeder) 5 and the box 26 consists of a horizontal beam 37, which at its ends has racks 38, made Λ-shaped, for fastening to the transverse bars of the trailer machine (not shown), which are rigidly connected to the horizontal beam 37.

At the ends of the uprights 38 there are eyes 39 for connecting with the transverse bars of the trailed machine (seeder) 5.

The horizontal beam 37 in its middle part has a rigidly fixed device in the form of 2 plates 40 with a lever 41 between them. The lower end of the lever 41 is pivotally fixed between the plates 40, and the upper end of the lever 41 is free and can be adjusted in the vertical plane with the help of an adjusting bolt 42 installed between the plates 40 by means of an insert connecting the upper part of the plates 40.

Through the hole in the middle of the lever 41 with the help of a finger, the hydraulic cylinder 43 is articulated.

The hydraulic cylinder 43 is connected at its other end with a hinge and a lever (not shown) to the drive shaft for raising and lowering the coulters of the trailed machine (seeder) into the transport and operating positions 5. The hydraulic cylinder 43 is connected via hydraulic hoses 45 to the hydraulic system of the tractor 1.

The trailing machine (seeder) 5 has jacks 46 rigidly fixed to the frame on the inside of the wheels of the trailed machine (seeder) 5.

The coupling device operates as follows.

An adapter 7 is rigidly attached to the bottom of the rear axle of the tractor I with 4 bolts.

A vertical A-shaped rack 6 is attached to the eyes 9 of the adapter 7 by means of 2 fingers and the middle part of its eyes 12 with a vertical A-shaped rack 6 is attached to the eyes of the tractor hydraulic system 1 also using, for example, 2 fingers (not shown )

The mounted machine 2 with the connected bar rollers 3 is mounted on the hinge 4 of the tractor 1.

Two jacks 46 are attached rigidly to the trailed machine (seeder) 5 on the transverse bars from the side of the wheels and are adjusted so that the frame of the trailed machine (seeder) 5 is parallel to the ground.

The connecting frame 36 is placed on the transverse bars of the trailed machine (seeder) 5 and is connected to it through the eyes 39 bolted connection.

A hydraulic cylinder 43 is pivotally connected to the device in the form of 2 plates 40 with a lever 41 between them on the connecting frame 36 and connected to the drive shaft for raising and lowering the coulters of the trailed machine (seeder) 5 with the help of a hinge and a lever 5 .

The gusset plate 26 is connected by means of connecting plates 34 with holes rigidly with connecting plates 35 located on the horizontal beam 37 of the connecting frame 36.

The hydraulic cylinder 43 is connected to the hydraulic hoses 45.

A spring 31 is put on the earring 27. The earring 27, together with the spring 31, is inserted into the connecting sleeve 32 of the tongue 26 and tightened with a nut.

Snica 26 using earrings 27 is connected to the vertical A-shaped rack 6 by means of a lock 13 located in the upper part of the vertical A-shaped rack 6.

The finger 22 of the lock 13 by rotation from the stopper 23 rises up half of the guides 21, while at the same time by means of a spring 18 located in the holder of the spring 15, the rod 17 and the squeeze plate 16 are wrung out and abut against the finger 22.

When connecting the snits 26 through the earring 27, the earring 27 abuts against the squeezing plate 16 and squeezes it and the rod 17, compressing the spring 18. At this time, the finger 22 is released and, falling down, pivots the earring 27 in the guides 21.

Then, the finger 22 is manually turned by rotation in the stopper 23, while the L-shaped finger 22 is fixed with the stop spring 25, located on the vertical bar 24 of the stopper 23 when interacting with the stopper 23. The hydraulic hoses 45 are connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor 1. The jacks 46 are lifted up by a screw and take off the ground. The trailing machine (seeder) 5 without a skew takes the appropriate position (the seeder frame is parallel to the ground).

Lowering and raising the coulters of the trailed machine (seeder) 5 to the working and transport positions are carried out from the tractor cabin 1 by levers through the hydraulic system of the tractor 1, hydraulic hoses 45, a hydraulic cylinder 43, pivotally connected to a lever that is rigidly connected to the drive shaft of the transport and operating position of the trailed coulters machines (seeders) 5.

Adjustment during operation of the coulters of a trailed machine (seeder) 5 is carried out by an adjusting bolt 42 (not shown).

When disconnecting the trailed machine (seeder) 5 from the tractor 1, the jacks 46 are adjusted so that the frame of the trailed machine (seeder) 5 is parallel to the ground. The hydraulic hoses 45 are disconnected from the hydraulic system of the tractor 1. The finger 22 of the lock 13 is turned upward from the stopper 23 halfway up from the guides 21. The tractor 1 with the mounted machine 2 moves off and the seeder 5 remains in place together with the tool box 26. Jacks 46 prevent the seeder 5 from tipping over.

The vertical A-shaped stand 6 is not disconnected from the tractor 1, since it does not interfere with the attachment and operation of the mounted machine 2, mounted on the mounting 4 of the tractor 1. In this case, the tractor 1 can work with the mounted machine 2 without seeder 5.

Claims (2)

1. Coupling device of a combined unit consisting of a tractor, mounted and trailed agricultural machines, comprising a tractor mounted device to which a mounted agricultural machine is attached, a gusset, spring-loaded relative to the upper part of the vertical rack and connected to it by an articulated lock, characterized in that the vertical rack made A-shaped, the two ends of which through the adapter are rigidly attached to the bottom of the rear axle of the tractor, and in its middle part has eyes on both sides, In this case, the spoke is made in the form of a truss and through the connecting frame is rigidly attached to the transverse bars of the trailed machine - seeder. 2. The coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting frame is made in the form of a horizontal beam, the ends of which are rigidly fixed racks made Λ-shaped, and at their ends containing eyes, while in the middle part on top of the horizontal beam are rigidly attached two plates between which a lever is pivotally fixed, the upper end of which interacts in a vertical plane with an adjusting bolt mounted between these plates.

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