RU2243467C2 - Sprinkle for a heat-mass exchange apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat-mass exchange apparatuses.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertinent to the field of heat-mass exchange apparatuses, in particular to structural components of sprinkling devices of water cooling towers. The sprinkle of the heat-mass exchange apparatus contains a block of combined volumetric long-sized elements with a shell/ The shell of the volumetric long-sized elements may have either a trellis-type or a mesh-type, or a perforated surface for air and water passing through in the form of small drops and splashes. At that the volumetric long-sized elements are mainly located with their bigger side facing the stream of drops and splashes falling on it, on which the area of surface is in 1.5 and more times bigger as compared with the surfaces of other sides of the shell of the volumetric long-sized elements, and are in parallel to each other in the main rows interleaving with the basic rows made out of similar or distinct from them by a cross-section and dimensions of a shell of volumetric long-sized elements, but under an angle within the limits from 10 up to 90 ° to the volumetric long-sized elements of main rows. At that the distances "B" between parallel volumetric long-sized elements of the corresponding rows within the limits of the block make from one and more values of its width "b", but so that in all the rows remain no less than two of these elements and located in height in the in staggered, step by step or a cascade order. The below located volumetric long-sized elements in respect to the above located volumetric long-sized elements of the like rows have been displaced by a value of its width "b". On the upper main row and inside the sprinkle block the basic or support rows may be located without a clearance between the volumetric long-sized elements in the like rows under a condition, that distances "Н" in height between these elements located on the same vertical are equal to not less than three heights "h" of volumetric long-sized elements, and in case of availability nearby of three or more such volumetric long-sized elements located interleaving without a clearance their bigger sides in one are facing downwards. The invention allows to increase efficiency of cooling, to reduce specific consumption of materials and an aerodynamic resistance, to increase height of a sprinkle.

EFFECT: the invention allows to increase efficiency of cooling, to reduce specific consumption of materials and an aerodynamic resistance, to increase height of a sprinkle.

2 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat exchangers, and in particular to structural elements of cooling tower irrigation devices.

A drip type irrigation device is known for crushing incoming water using a grate consisting of triangular, rectangular or other bars, the horizontal rows of which are arranged one above the other in the form of whatnot. Water supplied from above flows around the bars of each row and falls in the form of large drops and streams from one row of bars to another. Upon impact of large droplets falling on the upper faces of the underlying bars, splashes are formed in the form of small and medium drops, which mainly contribute to an increase in the free surface and, consequently, in the efficiency of water cooling (Berman L.D. Evaporative cooling of circulating water. - M .: Gosenergoizdat. - 1957, p. 36-40).

The disadvantage of the analogue is that to increase the cooling ability of the irrigation device due to cooling in the films on the bars, it is necessary to either increase the height of the sprinkler without decreasing the proportion of cooling of small and medium drops, but this increases the material consumption of the cooler, or reduce the height distance between the bars, which will lead to to reduce the number of small drops, i.e. to reduce the highly efficient surface of water cooling, and, also, to increase the material consumption of the irrigator and, finally, to increase the aerodynamic drag of the irrigator, which, ultimately, will reduce the efficiency of cooling water in the tower.

Known nozzle for heat and mass transfer apparatus containing assembled into a block volumetric lengthy elements with a lattice shell. Each element in cross section is made in the form of a regular three-petal figure. Moreover, the tops of the petals are rounded with a radius smaller than the radius of concavity of the mates between them (RF Patent No. 2143659, IPC F 28 F 25/08, publ. 12/27/99).

By the greatest number of similar features and achieved by using the result, this technical solution is selected as a prototype of the claimed invention.

The disadvantages of the prototype, which does not allow us to achieve our goal, are high aerodynamic drag and material consumption, as well as the fusion of volumetric long-length elements of water films flowing through the shells with the formation of large drops and jets. These shortcomings significantly reduce the efficiency of cooling water in the tower even with an increase in the height of the sprinkler.

The present invention solves the problem of improving cooling efficiency, reducing material consumption and aerodynamic drag and increasing the height of the irrigator.

To achieve the indicated technical solution, a sprinkler for a heat exchanger is proposed, comprising volumetric lengthy elements with a shell assembled in a block. In contrast to the known, in the proposed sprinkler, the shell of voluminous long elements can have either a lattice, or a mesh, or a perforated surface for passing air and water in the form of small drops and splashes. Moreover, long lengthy elements are mainly located with their greater side to the droplet flow incident on it, on which the surface area is increased by 1.5 or more times compared to the surfaces of the other sides of the shell of volumetric long elements, and parallel to each other in the main rows, alternating with supporting in rows of the same or different cross-section and shell dimensions of the voluminous long elements, but at an angle ranging from 10 to 90 ° to the voluminous long elements of the main rows. The distances B in this case between parallel volumetric long-length elements of the corresponding rows within the block are from one or more values of its width b, but so that in all rows there are at least two of these elements located in height in a checkerboard, step or cascade order, and the underlying volumetric lengthy elements with respect to the overlying volumetric long elements of the same series were shifted by one of its width b.

In addition, the claimed solution has an optional feature characterizing its particular case, namely the upper main row and inside the sprinkler block, the main or supporting rows can be located without a gap between long lengthy elements in the same series with the condition that the distance H in height between these elements lying on the same vertical line, there were at least three heights h of voluminous long elements and with the number of adjacent long length elements located without gaps of three or more these elements through one turned its greater side down.

Distinctive features of the proposed sprinkler for heat and mass transfer apparatus from the above-mentioned known nozzle are: optimization of the location of volumetric long-length sprinkler elements of certain shapes, which are stable and stiff and face most of the droplet droplet falling on it, on which the area is increased by 1.5 or more times surfaces in comparison with the surfaces of the other sides of the shell of long lengthy elements in order to obtain the greatest number of fine-grained particles singing and splashing, eliminating large drops and streams of water, reducing aerodynamic drag of the irrigator, i.e. increase air consumption, and, finally, reduce the material consumption of the irrigator.

Due to the presence of these signs, there is an increase in the efficiency of water cooling due to an increase in the number of small-fraction drops and sprays.

The proposed sprinkler for heat and mass transfer apparatus is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-4.

Figure 1 shows the possible types of surfaces of the shells of the voluminous long-length elements of the irrigator: a - trellised, b - mesh, c - perforated.

Figure 2 - transverse sections of the profiles of the shells of the voluminous long elements of the irrigator: a - trapezoidal, b - rectangular, c - oval.

Figure 3 - three basic order of the location of long lengthy irrigation elements in the main rows: a - chess, b - step, c - cascade.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - drip stream;

2 - spray device;

3 - sprinkler;

4 - volumetric long element of the irrigator;

5 - shell volumetric long element of the irrigator;

6 - the big side of the volume of the long element;

7 - main rows of parallel volumetric, long-length irrigation elements;

8 - supporting rows of long lengthy irrigation elements;

9 - upper and inner supporting rows of parallel volumetric long-length irrigation elements with groups of these elements without gaps between them;

10 - location of voluminous long-length irrigation elements with their greater side through one - down, with the number of adjacent elements not less than three.

The sprinkler for heat exchangers works as follows.

The drip stream 1 of the spraying device 2, placed above the sprinkler 3, falls on the greater side 6 of the shell 5 of the long lengthy elements 4 of the sprinkler 3 and small droplets and splashes are broken, some of which fly into the lower zones of the sprinkler 3, and some in the form of a film of water flows down shell 5 in the lower part. Moreover, these drops from each volumetric lengthy element 4 fall on the underlying same volumetric lengthy elements 4 located on one vertical with them. The greater the vertical distance H between these elements 4, the greater the effect of spraying. Since the parallel volumetric long-length elements 4 of each row 7 of the sprinkler 3 do not touch each other, but are located at a distance B equal to one to several values of the width of the volumetric long-length element 4 b, except for the rows 7, which are densified upper and inside the sprinkler 3, but spaced from each other with a height H equal to at least three heights h of voluminous lengthy elements 4 of sprinkler 3, then there is no reason for the water films to merge into large drops or trickles.

Thus, the droplet flow passes through optimally positioned long lengthy elements 4 of certain shapes of the shell 5, which are stable and stiff and face the larger side of the shell 5, on which the surface area is increased by 1.5 or more times compared to the surfaces of the other sides of the shell 5 voluminous long elements 4 of the sprinkler 3 mainly in the form of small droplets and splashes and partially in the form of medium droplets formed on the shells 5 of voluminous long elements 4 and films on these shells 5.

Given that heat and mass transfer from small droplets, splashes and films is the most effective, and since there are practically no large drops and jets in such an irrigator, the overall efficiency of heat and mass transfer is greater than in the prototype. At the same time, it becomes possible, if necessary, to increase the height of the cooling zone, to increase the speed and air consumption in connection with a significant decrease in aerodynamic drag, since the total number of voluminous long-length irrigation elements is reduced by 2-3 or more times. In addition, due to the decrease in the diameter of water drops after the sprinkler, the effect of cooling the water in the overgrowth increases.

Claims (2)

1. A sprinkler for a heat and mass transfer apparatus comprising volumetric long-length elements assembled in a block with a shell, characterized in that the shell of volumetric long-length elements can have either a lattice, or a mesh, or a perforated surface for passing air and water in the form of small drops and splashes, and volumetric long elements are predominantly located with their greater side to the droplet stream incident on it, on which the surface area is increased by 1.5 or more times compared to the surfaces of the remaining st the shell of the voluminous long elements, and parallel to each other in the main rows, alternating with the support rows of the same or different cross-section and the dimensions of the shell of the voluminous long elements, but at an angle ranging from 10 to 90 ° to the voluminous long elements of the main rows , while the distances B between parallel volumetric long-length elements of the corresponding rows within the block are from one or more values of its width b, but so that at least two of these elements remain in all rows, located in height in a checkerboard, step or cascade order, and the underlying volumetric long-length elements with respect to the overlying volumetric long-length elements of the same series were shifted by one of its width b. 2. A sprinkler for a heat and mass transfer apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on the upper, main row and inside the sprinkler block, the main or support rows can be located without a gap between the long lengthy elements in the same rows with the condition that the distance H in height between these elements lying on the same vertical line were no less than three heights h of long lengthy elements, and with the number of adjacent long lengthy elements without gaps three or more, these elements through one face most of them face down.

Images