RU2243332C2 - Collapsible isolated three-dimensional structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly structures for reducing noise and vibration from remote sources.

SUBSTANCE: structure has at least one base module and at least one flooring module connected by side walls thereof with the use of detachable connecters. Base module is secured to fixed base by support units. Side walls are made of wall modules and at least of one door unit and of one window unit. Support unit is made as body filled with resilient material for impact noise and mechanical vibration absorption. Inner panel layers are formed of material having coefficient of acoustic vibration energy loss exceeding that of outer layers. Wall module and flooring module are of multi-layer structures having different absorption coefficients and coefficients of acoustic vibration energy loss. Wall module and flooring module layers from structure interior side are formed of sound absorbing material having coefficients of acoustic vibrations loss exceeding that of another layers. These modules together with door and window units have hollow frames filled with sound absorbing material. Joints between modules and door and window units are filled with sealing members along the full joint length.

EFFECT: reduced standard time of sound signal reverberation inside structure, increased energy losses of acoustic vibration from remote sources and from solid surface on which structure is mounted.

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Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to collapsible spatial closed structures, designed to reduce noise and vibration from external sources in television, radio and sound recording studios, as well as to reduce the standard reverberation time inside the structure that can be used as a speaker’s booth or a booth of commentators, translators, and language booths, as well as enclosing enclosed structures for instruments and equipment with increased noise levels vibration.

State of the art

The prior art is a collapsible spatial closed structure comprising connected to the side walls by means of detachable joints, at least one base module mounted by means of support nodes on a fixed base, and at least one overlap module, the side walls being made from wall modules and at least one window and one door blocks (Application of France No. 2432581, MKI E 04 B 1/82, publ. 04.04.1980). Valves of known design have a large number of profiled frames made of aluminum. The inner space of the panels, formed by partitions from cardboard, is filled with polyurethane foam, while the window blocks are made of transparent plexiglass.

The known device has limited technical capabilities, since it cannot sufficiently reduce the energy of acoustic vibrations coming from external sources, since structurally wall and ceiling panels are made of lightweight materials with a low coefficient of energy loss of acoustic vibrations, due to the closed pores in the polyurethane foam used as a placeholder for panels. In addition, the aluminum construction is so light that it cannot be used for sound insulation in octave frequency bands from 63 to 8000 Hz. In the known device there is no vibration-proof base, it is not protected from penetration into the cab of structural noise and mechanical vibration of the fixed base on which the cab is mounted.

The known device also does not provide a reduction to the required value of the standard reverberation time of the audio signal inside the structure, because the coefficient of absorption of energy of acoustic vibrations in the materials used is very low.

The known device has low performance, since it does not provide for autonomous ventilation, made with noise filters.

The known device is fire hazard, since it is made of highly inflammable materials that emit highly toxic substances during combustion.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is the expansion of technical capabilities and applications, in particular, the possibility of using commentators, translators and language booths as speaker booths or booths, as well as enclosing enclosed structures for instruments and equipment with an increased noise level and vibration.

The technical result from the use of the proposed design is to reduce the standard reverberation time of the sound signal inside the structure, to reduce the energy of acoustic vibrations coming from external sources, and to reduce the energy of mechanical vibration coming from the solid surface on which the structure is installed.

To achieve a technical result, the known collapsible spatial closed structure comprising connected to the side walls via detachable joints, at least one base module and at least one floor module, and the side walls are made of wall modules and at least , from one window and one door blocks, is equipped with support nodes, each of which is made in the form of a housing mounted on a fixed base and filled with elastic material for absorption shock noise and mechanical vibrations, on which the base module is supported, made in the form of a multilayer weighted panel framed around the perimeter with the possibility of sound insulation in this direction, while the inner layers of the plate are made of material with a coefficient of energy loss of acoustic vibrations in excess of the corresponding coefficients of the outer layers , the material of which has acoustic energy absorption coefficients in excess of the corresponding coefficient of the inner layer, the wall module and the ceiling module, in their design, contain a multilayer structure with different absorption coefficients and energy loss of acoustic vibrations, while from the side of the interior of the structure, the layers of wall modules and floor modules are made of sound-absorbing material, the thickness of which exceeds the thickness of the remaining layers of the modules and has a coefficient absorption of energy of acoustic vibrations in excess of the corresponding coefficients of other layers, and these modules themselves, together with ok nnym and door units are made with hollow cages filled with sound-absorbing material, the joints of compounds of modules, window and door units are filled with the sealing members along the entire length of compounds.

Other embodiments of the invention are possible, according to which it is necessary that:

- the window unit would be made of translucent layers for visual contact, framed by a hollow frame filled with sound-absorbing material with a high absorption coefficient of energy of acoustic vibrations, while at least one chamber formed by translucent layers has a sound-absorbing material around the perimeter;

- the support unit would be mounted on a fixed base by means of an elastic element;

- the support node would be equipped with a device for adjusting the vertical position of the base module relative to the fixed base;

- the device for adjusting the vertical position would be made in the form of a helical gear;

- the design would be equipped with an autonomous ventilation system with noise filters.

These signs are essential and interconnected causal relationship with the formation of a set of essential features sufficient to achieve the specified technical result. The proposed design to reduce the energy of acoustic vibrations emanating from external sources consists of modules interconnected by locks through sealing damping layers, layers with acoustic energy loss coefficients K2 and K1 (K2> K1) are introduced into the design of the modules, and the layer with the coefficient of energy loss of acoustic vibrations K2 is always facing the inside of the structure, which significantly reduces the reverberation time inside the structure. The coefficient of energy loss of acoustic vibrations is a value proportional to the ratio of energy lost in the system during the circular cycle of oscillation to the energy that has again entered the system (Reference Acoustic Technique. / Ed. M. Heckle and H.A. Muller. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1980, p. 407).

The standard reverberation time is the time during which the sound signal attenuates to the threshold of audibility (Handbook of Acoustics. / Under the general editorship of MA Sapozhkov. - M .: Communication, 1979, p. 194.). The coefficient of absorption of energy of acoustic vibrations of the inner layer is much larger than the outer layer. The coefficient of absorption of energy of acoustic vibrations is the ratio of absorbed energy to incident energy (E.Ya. Yudin et al. Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials. - M: Publishing House of Construction Literature, 1966, p. 32). The entire enclosed structure is mounted on adjustable vibration-disconnected supports, which are also designed to accurately install the structure in a horizontal plane and reduce the level of mechanical vibration emanating from a solid fixed base.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a General view of a collapsible closed structure.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of a wall module of a structure.

Figure 3 - section module base design.

Figure 4 is a sectional view of a window construction block.

Figure 5 is a sectional view of the structural support.

Figure 6 is a sectional view of an angular fragment of the structure.

7 is a sectional view of a door block of a structure.

On Fig - section module overlap structure.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of implementation, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving this set of features of a given technical result.

The collapsible spatial closed structure 1 (Fig. 1) according to the invention comprises, connected to the side walls 2 at their ends by means of detachable connections 3, at least one base module 4, mounted by means of the support nodes 5 on a fixed base 6, and, according to at least one overlap module 7.

Side walls 2 (Figs. 1, 6) are made of wall modules 8 and at least one window 9 and one door 10 blocks.

The support node 5 (Fig. 5) is made in the form of a housing 11 filled with elastic material 12 for absorbing shock noise and mechanical vibrations, on which the base module is supported.

In order to ensure alignment of the position of the closed structure 1 with respect to the fixed base 6, the base module 4 is connected to the support unit 5 by means of a vertical position adjustment device made in the form of a helical gear, the screw 13 of which is supported through the piston 14 on the elastic material 12, and the nut 15 is connected with base module 4.

The base module 4 (Fig. 3) is made in the form of a multilayer weighted panel framed by a profiled element 16 around the perimeter with the possibility of sound insulation in this direction, i.e. it is also possible to place soundproofing material around the perimeter. A weighted panel is a panel whose weight exceeds the weight of panels of a similar size forming a closed structure 1.

The inner layers 17 of the panel, for example, in the form of gypsum fiber sheets (GVL), are made of material with a coefficient of acoustic energy loss that exceeds the corresponding coefficients of the outer layers 18, for example, in the form of plates of mineral fibers, the material of which has acoustic energy absorption coefficients exceeding the value of the corresponding coefficient of the inner layer 17. On the outer and inner sides of the soundproofing panel are protective layers 19 made of solid mater iala, for example, steel. The use of protective layers 19, as well as profiled elements 16 is aimed at weighting the panel.

The wall module 8 and the ceiling module 7 (Fig. 8) basically comprise a multilayer structure consisting of layers 20, 21 and 22 with different absorption coefficients and energy loss of acoustic vibrations, while layers 20 of wall modules 8 from the side of the interior of the structure and floor modules 7 are made of sound-absorbing material, for example, of pressed fiberglass, the thickness of which exceeds the thickness of the remaining layers 21, 22 and has an absorption coefficient of acoustic vibration energy exceeding the value the corresponding coefficients of these layers 21 and 22, respectively made in the form of gypsum boards, have layers 21 between which a metal sheet is located — layer 22. Moreover, all modules 4, 7, 8 together with window 9 and door 10 blocks are made with hollow frames 23 filled with sound-absorbing material 24, the joints of the joints of modules 4, 7, 8, window 9 and door 10 blocks are filled with sealing elements 25 along the entire length of the joints.

The window unit 9 (Fig. 4) is made of translucent layers 26 for making visual contact, framed by a hollow frame 23, filled with sound-absorbing material 24 with a high absorption coefficient of energy of acoustic vibrations, with at least one chamber formed by layers 26, along the perimeter is a sound-absorbing material 27.

In order to provide additional protection against mechanical vibration emanating from external sources, the support unit 5 is mounted on a fixed base 6 by means of an elastic element 28.

To improve the operating conditions of the collapsible spatial closed structure 1, it is equipped with an autonomous ventilation system 29 (figure 1) with noise filters.

The door block 10 (Fig. 7) is a modification of the wall block 8 with a built-in door block of increased sound insulation. An additional layer 31 with a coefficient of absorption of energy of acoustic vibrations is introduced into the design of the door leaf 30. A sealing element 32 is disposed around the perimeter of the door unit 10 in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the base module 4, and a seal 33 is arranged around the perimeter of the door leaf 30.

In order to prevent horizontal shear and ensure accurate installation of wall modules, window and door blocks on the upper horizontal surface of the base module, guiding pins are provided around the perimeter.

For assembling the modules into a single spatial closed structure on the wall and ceiling modules, window and door blocks, detachable connections 3 of a known design are provided (Fig. 6).

The spatial closed construction 1 is assembled as follows. Depending on the design purpose and dimensions, the design is completed with an appropriate set of modules and blocks. The drawings show an example of a structure 1 having one door unit and one window unit, two floor modules 7, several wall modules 8 and a base. Blocks and modules are assembled by means of detachable joints 3 end-to-end, as shown in FIG. 6, with layers 20 and 31 facing the interior of the closed structure 1.

Design 1 operates as follows. Acoustic vibrations emanating from external sources passing through each layer of modules 4, 7, 8 are partially reflected from them and partially absorbed by them, reducing the energy of acoustic vibrations from layer to layer. The main elements that absorb the energy of acoustic vibrations are layers 20 and 31, facing the inside of the structure and made of a material with a high absorption coefficient of energy of acoustic vibrations. The same layers are the main elements that reduce the standard reverberation time of the audio signal inside the structure 1, coming from the source of the audio signal located inside this structure 1. The main element reflecting the energy flux of acoustic vibrations is the outer layer 18 of the modules of structure 1 made of materials with high density.

Adjustable support nodes are pre-filled with vibration-absorbing (with a high index of the reduced level of impact noise Lnw) material 12, which provides a high degree of vibration isolation of the structure from the solid surface of the fixed base 6 and accurate installation of the structure in a horizontal plane. The index of the reduced level of impact noise Lnw is a value used to evaluate the insulating ability of the overlap relative to impact noise with a single number. It is determined by comparing the frequency response of the reduced level of impact noise under the floor with a special evaluation curve. The use of the technical solutions described above in a closed design 1 made it possible to obtain a sound-insulating ability of 30 dB, i.e. Compared to well-known solutions, reduce the level of noise penetrating from outside by 30 dBA.

In addition, in the presented design 1, on the overlap module 7, an autonomous internal ventilation system 29 with noise suppression filters is installed.

The entire design presented is made of flame retardant materials.

An example implementation of the invention

The present invention meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability", since its implementation is possible using existing means of production using known technologies.

The application of the invention allowed to reduce the standard time of reverberation of the audio signal inside the structure, reduce the energy of acoustic vibrations coming from external sources, as well as reduce the energy of mechanical vibration coming from the solid surface on which the structure is installed. Such advantages allowed expanding the scope of this design, in particular its use as a speaker’s or commentator’s booth, translators and language booths, as well as enclosing enclosed structures for instruments and equipment with increased noise and vibration levels.

Claims (6)

1. Collapsible spatial closed structure comprising connected to the side walls via detachable joints, at least one base module and at least one floor module, and the side walls are made of wall modules and at least one window and one door blocks, characterized in that it is equipped with support nodes, each of which is made in the form of a housing mounted on a fixed base and filled with elastic material to absorb shock noise and mechanically vibrational support, on which the base module is supported, made in the form of a multilayer weighted panel framed around the perimeter with the possibility of sound insulation in this direction, while the inner layers of the panel are made of material with an acoustic energy loss coefficient exceeding the corresponding coefficients of the outer layers, the material of which possesses absorption coefficients of acoustic vibration energy exceeding the value of the corresponding coefficient of the inner layer, wall module and module floors in the basis of their design contain a multilayer structure with different absorption coefficients and energy loss of acoustic vibrations, while on the side of the internal space of the structure the layers of wall modules and floor modules are made of sound-absorbing material, the thickness of which exceeds the thickness of the other layers of the modules and has an absorption coefficient of acoustic vibration energy exceeding the value of the corresponding coefficients of other layers, and these modules themselves together with the window and door blocks you filled with hollow frames filled with sound-absorbing material, joints of joints of modules, window and door blocks are filled with sealing elements. 2. A collapsible spatial closed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the window unit is made of translucent layers for making visual contact, framed by a hollow frame filled with sound-absorbing material with a high absorption coefficient of energy of acoustic vibrations, at least in one chamber formed by translucent layers, sound-absorbing material is located around the perimeter. 3. Collapsible spatial closed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the support node is mounted on a fixed base by means of an elastic element. 4. Collapsible spatial closed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the support node is equipped with a device for adjusting the vertical position of the base module relative to the fixed base. 5. Collapsible spatial closed structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the vertical position control device is made in the form of a helical gear. 6. Collapsible spatial closed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an autonomous ventilation system with noise filters.

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