RU2242502C1 - Producer gas generation process and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: alternate fuels.

SUBSTANCE: object of invention is generation of maximum amount of higher-quality producer gas by optimizing conditions for maximum combustion of fuel-water mixture. Solution of the task consists in providing of fuel-water mixture, of which water constituent is then decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, while hydrogen and oxygen-saturated fuel-containing mixture is partially burned and combustion products are then transformed into producer gas. Producer gas generation-apparatus comprises gas generator with gas-escape and slag-discharge channels, at least two muffle furnaces appropriately mutually arranged and tangentially connected by their outlets to internal space of gas generator, pump connected by its outlet to inlets of at least two muffle furnaces, block wherein water constituent is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen connected by its outlet to pump inlet, and fuel-water mixture preparation block connected by its outlet to pump inlet.

EFFECT: improved quality and yield of producer gas.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of chemistry and can be used to obtain optimal values of the quantity and quality of generator gas by creating conditions for the maximum possible conversion of the source fuel into generator gas.

Similar technical solutions are known: see, for example, patent of the Russian Federation No. 1085509, which contains the following set of essential features:

- prepare a fuel-water mixture;

- heat the fuel-water mixture;

- partly heated fuel-water mixture is burned;

- receive products of combustion of the fuel-water mixture;

- convert the combustion products of the fuel-water mixture into generator gas.

Common features of the proposed method for producing generator gas and an analogue described above are:

- obtaining a fuel-water mixture;

- Conversion of fuel combustion products into generator gas.

A similar technical solution is also known: see USSR author's certificate No. 371269, which contains the following set of essential features:

- a combustion furnace with a reaction chamber and a gas duct made in the upper part of the reaction chamber;

- a slag collector and an ash collector located in the lower part of the combustion furnace and communicating with their internal cavities with output channels made in the lower part of the combustion furnace;

- site preparation of the fuel-water mixture, connected by its outlet to the internal cavity of the combustion furnace;

- a compressor connected by its outlet to the internal cavity of the combustion furnace;

- a solid fuel preparation unit, connected by its outlet to the internal cavity of the combustion furnace.

Common features of the proposed device for producing generator gas and the analogue described above are:

- a unit for preparing a fuel-water mixture;

- a combustion furnace with a reaction chamber and a gas duct made in the upper part of the reaction chamber;

- channel for the output of slag;

- a compressor connected by its outlet to the internal cavity of the combustion furnace.

The technical result, which cannot be achieved by the above-described analogues, is to ensure optimal combustion of the fuel mixture and to obtain the greatest quantity and quality of generator gas.

The reason for the impossibility of obtaining the technical result indicated above is that the prevailing practice in creating means for generating generator gas is aimed at improving the process of burning fuel and, as a rule, they try to achieve this by supplying oxygen to the combustion zone, which is associated with high costs.

There is also a method of producing generator gas (see patent of the Russian Federation No. 1309913), which is selected as a prototype and which contains the following set of essential features:

- prepare a fuel-water mixture;

- feed the fuel-water mixture into the combustion furnace;

- supplying an oxygen-containing stream to the combustion furnace;

- partly burned in a fuel-water mixture combustion furnace in an oxygen-containing stream;

- receive products of combustion of the fuel-water mixture;

- convert the combustion products of the fuel-water mixture into generator gas.

Common features of the proposed method for producing generator gas and prototype are:

- preparation of a fuel-water mixture;

- partial combustion of fuel;

- receipt of fuel combustion products;

- Conversion of fuel combustion products into generator gas.

There is also known a device for producing generator gas (see patent of the Russian Federation No. 2062287), which is selected as a prototype and which contains the following set of essential features:

- fuel mixture preparation unit;

- a pump connected by its input to the output of the fuel mixture preparation unit;

- gas generator with gas exhaust and slag channels;

- at least two muffle furnaces located relative to each other, tangentially connected by their exits to the internal cavity of the gas generator and connected by their inputs to the outlet of the pump.

The same signs are common with the proposed device for producing generator gas with the exception of the sign: “connecting the pump inlet to the outlet of the fuel mixture preparation unit”.

The technical result, which cannot be achieved by the above-described prototypes, is to ensure optimal combustion of the fuel mixture and to obtain the greatest quantity and quality of generator gas.

The reason for the impossibility of obtaining the technical result indicated above is that the prevailing trends in the creation of means for generating gas are aimed at improving the process of burning fuel and, as a rule, try to achieve this by supplying, for example, oxygen to the combustion zone, which is associated with high capital costs.

Given the characteristics and analysis of similar technical solutions, we can conclude that the task of creating tools that provide generating gas in a given quality and quantity by creating conditions that ensure the maximum possible conversion of the carbon component of the fuel mixture is relevant today.

The technical result indicated above is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing generator gas, which includes preparing a fuel-water mixture, partially burning the fuel-containing mixture and converting the products of partial combustion to generator gas, the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen to obtain a fuel-containing a mixture saturated with hydrogen and oxygen.

And a device for generating gas containing a gas generator with a gas and slag channels, at least two muffle furnaces located relative to each other and tangentially connected by their outputs to the internal cavity of the gas generator, a pump connected to its inputs to at least two muffle furnaces and a preparation unit fuel-water mixture, equipped with a node for decomposing the aqueous component of the used fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen, connected by its input to the output of the preparation unit fuel-water mixture and exit to the pump inlet.

The introduction of the site of decomposition of the aqueous component of the used fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen allows decomposing the aqueous component of the used fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen to obtain a fuel-containing mixture saturated with hydrogen and oxygen, which can be supplied by means of a pump to muffle furnaces preheated to operating temperature to carry out partial and rapid combustion of a fuel-containing mixture saturated with hydrogen and oxygen, the combustion products of which should be sent to the internal floor st gasifier and implement conversion products of partial combustion of the fuel-gas mixture in the generator at predetermined quantity and quality, and what is shown the achievement of the technical result mentioned above.

The analysis of the well-known similar technical solutions showed that none of them contains the totality of the features of the technical solutions we offer, and none of the known technical solutions that also contains the distinguishing features of the technical solutions we offer, which made it possible to conclude that there is “novelty” and “inventive step”.

The proposed method for producing generator gas contains the following set of essential features:

- prepare the fuel-water mixture;

- decompose the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen;

- get a fuel-containing mixture saturated with hydrogen and oxygen;

- burn partially fuel-containing mixture, saturated with hydrogen and oxygen;

- convert the products of partial combustion of a fuel-containing mixture saturated with hydrogen and oxygen into generator gas.

The proposed device for producing generator gas is illustrated by the following description and drawing, which shows a device for producing generator gas, which contains:

- gas generator 1 (reaction chamber) with a gas outlet channel 2, made in the upper part of the gas generator 1;

- slag collector 3 located in the lower part of the gas generator 1 and communicating with its internal cavity with the exit of the slag exhaust channel (not shown) made in the lower part of the gas generator 1;

- a cyclone 4 (filter for cleaning gas from dust) connected by its inlet to the outlet of the gas outlet channel 2, and by its outlet to the inner cavity of the gas generator 1;

- the first 5 and second 6 muffle furnaces located relative to each other and tangentially connected by their outputs to the internal cavity of the gas generator 1 (depending on the power and dimensions, the device for producing generator gas may contain not only two muffle furnaces, but also more, for example four or six, while they can be arranged in tiers along the height of the gas generator 1 in a checkerboard pattern);

- compressor 7, connected by its output to the first inputs of the first 5 and second 6 muffle furnaces;

- the first pump 8, connected by its output to the second inputs of the first 5 and second 6 muffle furnaces;

- node decomposition 9 of the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen, connected to the input of the first pump 8 by its outlet [an electrolyzer published in the Brief Chemical Encyclopedia, volume 5, was used as the node for decomposition of the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen p. 339-342. Moscow, 1967.];

- the second pump 10, connected by its output to the input of the decomposition unit 9 of the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen;

- unit for preparing 11 fuel-water mixture [technical solutions from patents of the Russian Federation No. 2185244 and No. 2202406 were used as a unit for preparing the fuel-water mixture]; in this case, not only the coal-water mixture, but also multicomponent fuel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2151959 can be used as the fuel of the water mixture.

The method of producing generator gas is illustrated by the description of the operation of the device for producing generator gas, which operates as follows.

The required amount of water and various components, such as pieces of coal, peat, sawdust, etc., are supplied to the preparation unit 11 of the fuel-water mixture, according to previously calculated data to obtain the required composition of the fuel-water mixture. The various components of the fuel-water mixture loaded into the preparation unit 11 are mixed and, for example, a fuel-water mixture is obtained in the form of an emulsion or suspension, which is pumped to the decomposition unit 9 of the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen by pump 10. The decomposition unit 9 of the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen decomposes, under the influence of electric current, the necessary part of the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen, and then the fuel-containing mixture thus obtained saturated with hydrogen and oxygen is injected under pressure into the first 5 and in the second 6 muffle furnaces, preheated to operating temperature by heating devices, for example plasmatrons, which are part of the first 5 and second 6 muffle furnaces, in which at the same time constant pitch, if necessary, in the internal cavity of the air from the compressor 4 saturated hydrogen and oxygen mixture fuel containing light. At the same time, part of this fuel-containing mixture is spent on creating and maintaining the necessary operating temperature: 1100-1200K. The heated fuel-containing mixture in the first 5 and second 6 muffle furnaces enters through the tangential exits from two opposite sides into the main gasification chamber of the gas generator 1. As a result, a vortex structure is formed and the gasification products with the remaining fuel are fed alternately to the final gasification chamber of the gas generator 1, where, in if necessary, they can meet with particles of the catalyst and active filler (means for supplying the catalyst and active filler are not shown in the drawing). In this case, the separation of harmful impurities (sulfur, arsenic and other compounds) occurs and the conversion processes of generating gas are completed. The tangential supply of combustion products to the main gasification chamber of the gas generator 1 and the presence of retaining layers from a mixture of filler and catalyst determine the retention time of the reactants for complete gasification. This provides a high calorie due to the formation of gaseous hydrogen in the fuel mixture and the formation of conversion products under the influence of a catalyst.

The generator gas partially with the mixture of filler and catalyst is fed into cyclone 4, where it is cleaned of the mixture and ash and returns them to the corresponding chambers of the gas generator 1, and the purified generator gas is supplied to the consumer with a pressure of up to 16 atmospheres. Slag formed during gasification inside the gas generator 1, enters the slag collector 3 and is removed.

To confirm the achievement of the technical result indicated above, the following were obtained:

- generator gas No. 1, ceteris paribus, using a fuel-water mixture (ASh grade coal - 51% and water - 49%) and a unit for decomposing the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen;

- generator gas No. 2 using the same fuel-water mixture, but without using the site of decomposition of the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen.

The composition of the generated generator gases was determined using an AHG-002.01 chromatograph, the data of which are shown in the table below.

Thus, the proposed method for producing generator gas and a device for its implementation according to the tests have the highest values of CO and H ₂ and a higher value of the conversion of carbon present in the fuel into the generator gas.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing a generator gas, comprising preparing a fuel-water mixture, partially burning a fuel-containing mixture, and converting the products of partial combustion to generator gas, characterized in that the aqueous component of the fuel-water mixture is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen to obtain a fuel-containing mixture saturated with hydrogen and oxygen. 2. A device for generating gas containing a gas generator with a gas and slag channels, at least two muffle furnaces located relative to each other and tangentially connected by their outputs to the internal cavity of the gas generator, a pump connected to its inputs to at least two muffle furnaces, and a unit for preparing a fuel-water mixture, characterized in that it is provided with a unit for decomposing the aqueous component of the used fuel-water mixture into hydrogen and oxygen, connected to its m input to the output preparation node of fuel and water mixture to the inlet and outlet of the pump.