RU2241742C1 - Industrial detergent composition and a method for cleansing tanks to remove petroleum products, sediments, and deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: detergents.

SUBSTANCE: detergent composition serving for removal of surface pollution comprises organic and inorganic compounds and surfactant in specified proportions. Cleansing procedure consists in rinsing surface with detergent under optimal conditions regarding velocity of working stream relative to pollution and area of the region to be cleansed.

EFFECT: improved quality of cleansing.

68 cl, 7 dwg, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to detergents and methods for their use.

The inventions can be used for chemical treatment, degreasing and cleaning of metal (for example, from carbon and alloy structural steels, such as St. 08, 30, 35, from spring-spring steel: 60C2, 65G, from alloy steel: 15X, 12XH3A and etc.) and non-metallic (for example, ceramic, reinforced concrete) surfaces from compositions of organic (hydrocarbon) and inorganic contaminants, such as petroleum products, in particular asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits, fuel oil, lubricants, animal and vegetable fats and oils, technol ogical materials, fuel and products of its combustion, condensates, suspensions, oxides, hydroxides, salts, etc. while protecting the surface being cleaned from the formation of the latter (anti-corrosion protection) and creating protective coatings on it with low adhesion to the main surface material and high pollution.

In general, inventions relate to cleaning facilities used in the petroleum and related industries. So, for example, they can be used to remove thick oil pollution from container tanks or any other stationary and mobile technological tanks for storing and / or processing oil and similar products.

Also, inventions can be applied:

- in the oil, oil production and oil refining industries for the cleaning and protection of technological equipment, including in hard-to-reach places (in narrow shafts, at great depths, etc.), in which the presence of a person is excluded, and when preparing oil tanks for repair work or flaw detection;

- in machine, aircraft and shipbuilding for cleaning and protecting the surfaces of parts and assemblies;

- in instrument making and in the electronics industry for the cleaning and protection of radio components and metal structural elements;

- in transport and in the railway sector for chemical-mechanized washing and cleaning of technological equipment, vehicles, spare parts;

- in public utilities for cleaning water and air conditioning systems.

The invention can also be used in the disinfection and washing of soil.

The scope of the claimed inventions also includes the cleaning and disinfection of “washed” contaminants (usually hydrocarbons), intended for secondary use, from waste (usually inorganic origin) to be disposed of.

Accepted Conventions and Concepts

Surfactants - surfactants

TMS - technical detergent - that which directly treats the surface being cleaned, i.e. affect pollution. Thus, in the application materials, TMS also means working solutions and vice versa, i.e. TMS and working solutions are equivalent concepts. They are opposed to concentrates of TMS or concentrates of their components and water

pH - acidity

s.p. - dependent item

OP - distinctive features

State of the art

The known composition of TMS, designed to clean the surface from contaminants of organic and inorganic origin (RF patent No. 2169175, A 61 L 42/16), which includes organic and inorganic compounds - surfactants (in particular, nonionic and cationic) and water, and Also known is a method of cleaning the surface (mainly metal) of contaminants of organic and inorganic origin (RF patent No. 2155318 A 61 L 42/16), which consists in washing the cleaned surface of the TMS, including organic e and inorganic compounds (surfactants such as nonionic and cationic, and water), i.e. in using the famous TMS.

The specified composition and method are simple to implement and allow you to quickly and efficiently clean surfaces from organic contaminants.

Currently, judging by the information provided by the developers of such compositions and methods, the latter are finding wider application due to the efficiency and safety for the personnel, as well as due to the environmental safety of the application, subject to established technological regimes, in particular concentrations (trademark “O-BIS ”Successfully reflects the attractiveness of the specified composition and method).

By the combination of essential features, the given composition and method were selected by the applicants as the closest analogues to the objects of inventions, respectively, as a prototype composition and a prototype method.

One of the main disadvantages of the prototype composition is a rigidly defined multicomponent recipe (includes nonionic and ionic surfactants, polyelectrolyte, salts of benzoic acid and the active component is a sodium compound of phosphoric and / or carbonic acid and / or other mineral acid or alkali metal salts of these acids or soda ash and phosphates, or soda ash, sodium phosphate and metasilicate), which determines the impossibility of using such TMS for automatic and semi-automatic cleaning of the surface from contaminants of various origin by controlling the qualitative and quantitative composition of the working solutions required for optimization of the purification process, minimizing reagent consumption, reduction of their concentration in the effluent. Moreover, the prototype composition does not automatically allow contactless control of the type of TMS and the concentration of active components in it, as well as automatically inertialessly control the supply of TMS of different composition and different concentration (for example, when adjusting the working solution), and to change the physical properties of working solutions (for example, density) , increase the chemical activity of reagents.

Another of the main disadvantages of the prototype composition and one of the main disadvantages of the prototype method is the use of a large amount of soda ash in the composition of TMS (its mass fraction in the working solution is about 1%) as the main component (and in some cases the only) active component TMS. As a result, there is a pronounced interaction of the working solution with the surface being cleaned, requiring the introduction of an excess amount of inhibitor into the TMS, etc.

Here, one more general disadvantage of the prototype composition and prototype method is also to be mentioned: orientation toward a cheap reagent — soda ash, high concentrations of which (according to the remarks of the prototype developers themselves made in the aforementioned patent on the method) affect the working conditions of workers and activate corrosion of technological equipment, while low (see ibid.) lead to an increase in the cost of TMS. It is important to emphasize that the use of soda ash on an industrial scale in combination with decomposable surfactants at a temperature of 65 ° C (selected by prototype developers) is ineffective, because the optimal mode of use of such a reagent involves heating working solutions with washed parts to temperatures above 95 ° C - well-known from the prior art boiling parts and assemblies in a 0.5 ... 2% solution of soda ash in water.

In this case, the prototype method assumes that the surfaces are cleaned with a detergent containing either one or more nonionic surfactants, an electrolyte and soda ash, or these components with the replacement of a small part (about 10%) of the last of them with a corrosion inhibitor. Practice shows that when cleaning one metal surface, it is advisable to use TMS at the initial stages, which does not include a corrosion inhibitor, but at the final stages of TMS, which practically lack, for example, inorganic salts, alkalis and other components similar in effect . The use of the aforementioned detergents used in the prototype method leads: the first to noticeable damage to the surface being cleaned, the second to reduce the cleaning efficiency, although in this case too, there is damage to the surface being cleaned, i.e. In both cases, the problem is solved “halfway”.

A similar imbalance of the composition, however, expressed to a lesser extent, takes place in relation to the quantities of other components of the prototype composition.

The disadvantage of the prototype composition also includes the inconvenience of transportation and storage of its base, made in the form of a dry powder mixture, it is necessary to comply with special requirements for tightness, humidity, temperature and so on. In this case, anyway, the working solution must be prepared shortly before cleaning, since there is instability of some components of the prototype composition, for example, some surfactants.

Here it should be noted the complexity of the preparation of TMS from the powder mixture in the field conditions, as well as its practical inapplicability for automatic correction and change in the composition of working solutions.

The disadvantages of the prototype composition and the prototype method can be attributed to little knowledge (which is stated by the authors of the prototypes - see the mentioned patents) of the physical and chemical processes underlying the prototype method, as well as the influence of the combination of properties of each of the prototype used the composition of the components on the properties of the working solutions, which does not allow to practically predict the result of exposure to contaminants and the treated surface.

Significant disadvantages of the prototype method are the unsuitability of the detergent based on it for cleaning surfaces at temperatures above 65 ° C (see also above regarding the inefficiency of using soda ash at low temperatures), as well as the use of a single tank for supplying a washing solution to the washing zone and for sludge hydrocarbons (i.e. the presence of only one stage of purification). This significantly limits the scope of the possible use of the prototype method.

It should be noted that the modern level of technology allows the design and manufacture of inexpensive, easy-to-use, multi-chamber tanks. In this regard, the disadvantages of the prototype method can also be attributed to its orientation to cheap equipment, which does not allow to unleash the full potential of modern TMS in industrial applications, limiting the economic feasibility of introducing prototypes only by conducting research and experimental work.

The authors of the claimed inventions are also aware of other TMS that meet modern requirements for the quality of cleaning, fire safety, working conditions of staff. The motive for creating the presented inventions and, in particular, the proposed method was the desire to create conditions for the simultaneous use of the benefits of the whole variety of modern TMS on an industrial scale.

SUMMARY OF INVENTIONS

Mentioned studies of prototypes made it possible to find directions for improving TMS and methods for their use in this field, as well as creating multifunctional mobile equipment intended for mass implementation. The work carried out in these directions allowed us to identify the distinguishing features (hereinafter OP) of the inventions presented.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the mentioned cleaning while increasing economic and environmental indicators.

Another objective of the invention is the integrated automation of the cleaning process.

The objective of the invention is the development of a TMS of variable balanced composition with the inclusion of groups of substances with a studied joint effect on dirt and the treated surface and high-performance processes for their use when using inexpensive, non-toxic and environmentally friendly compositions with the ability to self-clean.

The invention also covers the solution of problems of choosing the required composition and concentration of working solutions, as well as the conditions for removing contaminants from surfaces of various materials.

The technical result of the use of inventions involves

- increase (hereinafter - in comparison with the prototype) the effectiveness of the use of the reagent;

- improvement of the disinfecting and washing action;

- improving the quality of disinfection and cleaning;

- increase the degree of purification;

- increase the anti-corrosion properties of the treated surfaces;

- reduction of the corrosive properties of the working solution;

- the ability to control the properties of the disinfectant and washing solution;

- improving the extraction of contaminants (increasing the likelihood of their extraction);

- reduction of labor costs;

- reduction of energy costs;

- cost reduction;

- providing the possibility of regeneration of the working solution;

- improvement of general indicators;

- simplification of the process;

- increase the resource of equipment;

- simplification of the equipment maintenance process;

- high reliability of the process technology;

- reducing the risk of occupational diseases;

- return of water for secondary use;

- absence of harmful emissions and fumes;

- reducing the risk of errors and deviations from established technological regimes;

- expansion of the range of raw materials (the use of widely available materials that allow storage under normal conditions in the open air);

- the exclusion of time spent on inter-operational activities (transportation, loading, control, etc.) in the manufacture of working solutions.

Additional to the claimed technical result of using the first object involves

- increase in dirt capacity;

- reduction in the amount of solvent;

- reduction in the amount of reagent;

- an increase in the degree of separation of components;

- suitability for reuse;

- increase the shelf life of the finished product;

- self-cleaning working solution;

- expansion of the temperature range of application;

- biodegradability;

- reducing the hazard class of TMS;

- reducing the complexity of the production of the target product.

Additional to the claimed technical result of using the second object involves

- increase the washing activity of the working solution;

- improving the separation of components in stock;

- high-quality separation;

- improving system performance when switching to various modes of operation;

- continuous removal of sludge and working solution (recirculation of working solution);

- decrease in humidity of the removed pollution;

- the possibility of preparing contaminants for disposal;

- the possibility of reuse of part of the pollution;

- reduction of the risk of contaminants entering the land or water;

- the possibility of mechanization and automation of cleaning.

The claimed technical result is achieved as follows.

On the first declared object.

The composition of TMS intended for disinfection and cleaning of surfaces from contaminants of organic and inorganic origin, including organic and inorganic compounds (nonionic and cationic surfactants and water), includes the following ODs: as organic compounds, it additionally includes a salt that does not exhibit pronounced surface-active properties selected from the list: sodium, potassium or calcium gluconate, glycine sodium salt, polyacrylic acid sodium salt (modified by ether groups), sodium benzoate, sodium oleate, or a mixture of salts comprising at least one salt of the above, wherein the weight fractions of said compounds satisfy the condition

where ω _oc - mass fraction in TMS of an organic salt or a mixture of organic salts,

ω is the mass fraction in the TMS of water,

ω _surfactant - mass fraction of TMS surfactants.

Also, the claimed technical result is achieved by introducing into the composition of a number of private OP:

- as an inorganic compound, the composition may further include a salt selected from the list: sodium, potassium or calcium metasilicate, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, silicate, tripolyphosphate, hexametaphosphate, sodium sulfate, or a mixture of salts containing at least one of the above, when this mass fraction of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _ns is the mass fraction in TMS of an inorganic salt or a mixture of inorganic salts;

- as an organic compound, the composition may additionally include an alcohol with alkoxyl groups that does not exhibit pronounced surface-active properties, selected from the list: diglycol butyl ether, butyldiglycol, or a mixture of such alcohols containing at least one alcohol from the above, while the mass fraction of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _e is the mass fraction of alcohol or a mixture of alcohols;

- mass fractions of these compounds of the composition can satisfy the condition

- as a nonionic surfactant, the composition may additionally include a compound from the list: syntanol, neonol, a block of a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene glycol derivatives of ethylene diamine or ethylene diamide, ethoxylated alcohol, or an arbitrary mixture of such compounds, and as a cationic surfactant, it may include a compound from the list: triethanolamine, tetrasodium sulfoamine sulfonate, compounds of pyridine, quinoline, phthalazine, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, morpholine, thiamorpholine , Piperidine, benzoxazine, tocopherol polyethylene glycol ether or an arbitrary mixture of such compounds, wherein the mass proportion of nonionic and cationic surfactant must satisfy the condition

where ω _n is the mass fraction in TMS of nonionic surfactant or a mixture of such surfactants,

ω _to - mass fraction in the TMS of a cationic surfactant or a mixture of such surfactants;

- as water, the composition may further include natural water with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 60 mg / l;

- as water, the composition may include deionized softened purified, chemically prepared water of primary or secondary use with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 30 mg / l and a specific conductivity of not more than 10 ^-5 Ohm ^-1 · m ^-1 containing less than 0.2 mg / l soluble salts of calcium and magnesium and less than 30 mg / l suspended solids;

- as water, the composition may additionally include a mixture of softened water and hard water (the content of hardness salts is more than 2 mg / l), while the mass fraction of softened water and hard water must satisfy the condition

where ω _y is the mass fraction in the TMS of softened water,

ω _W - mass fraction in TMS of hard water;

- as hard water, the composition may include artificially mineralized water for primary or secondary use with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 60 mg / l;

- the composition of quantum satis may additionally include propellant gases or sparging gases selected from the list: argon, helium, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide or an arbitrary mixture of such gases, or another gas not listed, such as air;

- the composition may be non-carbonated, or slightly carbonated, or medium carbonated, or highly carbonated, for which it may include the said gases in terms of the equivalent mass fraction of carbon dioxide, respectively, less than 0.20%, or from 0.20 to 0.30%, or from 0.30 to 0.40%, or more than 0.40%;

- the composition of quantum satis may additionally include a preservative selected from the list: sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, calcium sorbate, benzoic acid, potassium benzoate, calcium benzoate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate potassium hydrogen sulfide or another sorbate, benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate or sulfite not included in the list;

- the composition of quantum satis may additionally include a dye selected from the list: Amaranth, Erythrosine, Annato, Bixin, Norbixin, Curcumin, Tartrazine, Quinoline yellow, Yellow "Sunset" FCF, Orange yellow S, Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmine, Azorubine, Carmozine, Ponso 4R, Red Cochineal A, Red Charming AS, Blue Patent V, Indigotine, Indigo Carmine, Blue Glossy FCF, Green S, Black Glossy BN, Black PN, Brown NT, Lycopene, Ethyl Ether (-apocarotinic-8 'acid) ; Lutein or any acceptable composition of such substances, or another dye that is not on the list;

- the composition of quantum satis may additionally include technological substances selected from the list: fumaric acid, phosphoric acid, triphosphates, polyoxyethylene stearate, metavinic acid, propane-1,2-diol alginate, Karaya gum, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, wood resin glycerin ether, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, calcium stearyl-2-lactylate, dimethyl polysiloxane, calcium carbonates, acetic acid, potassium acetate, sodium acetates, calcium acetate, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, fat esters ascorbic acid, concentrate of a mixture of tocopherols, lecithins, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, sodium citrates, potassium citrates, calcium citrates, sodium tartrates, potassium tartrates, potassium sodium tartrate, sodium maleates, potassium maleates, calcium maleates, tartrate calcium, triammonium citrate, alginic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, tragakaite, gum arabic, xanthan gum, container gum, gellan gum, glycerin, sodium iev and calcium salts of fatty acids, magnesium salts of fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, esters of glycerol, acetic and fatty acids, esters of glycerol and fatty acids, esters of mono- and diglycerides, as well as fatty acids, sodium carbonates, potassium carbonates, ammonium carbonates, magnesium carbonates, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sulfuric acid, potassium sulfates, calcium sulfates, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, fatty acids , gluconic acid, glucono-delta-lactone, polydextrose;

- the composition of quantum satis may additionally include flavors selected from the list: quinine; gentian; aromatic herbs; spices; agaric acid; aloin; beta-asarone; berberine; coumarin; hydrocyanic acid; hypericin; bulletproof; quassin; safrole and isosafrol; santonin; alpha and beta thujone or any acceptable composition of such substances, or another flavoring that is not on the list;

- the quantum satis composition may additionally include corrosion inhibitors selected from the list: substances based on propylene glycol, based on calcium chloride, based on ethanolamine, formalin and isononylphenol, a mixture of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, a solution of amines and special additives, a liquid based on organophosphorus compounds (phosphones), 4-hydroxy-3-hydroxyethylaminomethyl, sulfomaleic acid, ether derivatives of the latter or a mixture of corrosion inhibitors containing at least one of the listed corrosion inhibitors;

- mass fractions of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _and is the mass fraction in the TMS of a corrosion inhibitor or a mixture of corrosion inhibitors;

- the composition of quantum satis may additionally include emulsifiers selected from the list: trichlorethylene, methyl stearate, polyvinyl alcohol or a mixture of emulsifiers containing at least one of the listed emulsifiers;

- mass fractions of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _em is the mass fraction in the TMS of an emulsifier or a mixture of emulsifiers;

- the quantum satis composition may additionally include demulsifiers selected from the list: a solution of an organosilicon block copolymer in a mixture of methanol and water, a solution of a composition of polyethers and an organosilicon block copolymer in a mixture of methanol and water.

On the second declared object.

In the method of cleaning the surface (mainly metal) of contaminants of organic and inorganic origin, which consists in washing the surface to be cleaned with TMS, including organic and inorganic compounds (surfactants, for example, nonionic and cationic, and water), the following OPs are introduced: for the mentioned washing use TMS, the mass fraction of these compounds in which satisfy the condition

where ω is the mass fraction in the TMS of water;

ω _surfactant - mass fraction in TMS surfactant;

Δ ₁ - tolerance numerically equal to 1.25,

during the washing process, its character is analyzed and controlled parameters of the cleaning regime are maintained with a given tolerance, such as, for example, the amounts of components included in the working solution and / or the amount of working solution supplied to the cleaning zone and / or its temperature and / or pressure on the surface to be cleaned, while including in the TMS a substance from the list: organic salt, inorganic salt, alkali, alcohol with alkoxyl groups, corrosion inhibitor, emulsifier, demulsifier or composition composed of such materials or comprising at least one of them, and also provide a) maximum tangential (with respect to "free" surface contamination) working solution flow rate at a distance exceeding 10% of the thickness of the flux satisfying

where ν is the mentioned velocity (m / s);

Δ _t is the coefficient, (Δ _t = 1 s);

h is said thickness (m);

Δ ₂ - tolerance numerically equal to 2,

and b) simultaneous cleaning of a portion of said surface whose area satisfies the condition

where p is the maximum, additional to atmospheric pressure, averaged over an area of 10 ^-4 m ² , provided by the working solution to at least one fragment of the said section (10 ³ Pa ≤ p≤ 2 · 10 ⁷ Pa);

S is the area of the said section (and such that the working solution is supplied to any of its fragments with a pressure exceeding 25% of the pressure p);

T is the absolute temperature of the working solution supplied to the treatment zone (290 K ≤ T ≤ 480 K);

F is a parameter such that (5 · 10 ⁴ H≤ F≤ 6.5 · 10 ⁷ H);

Δ _T is the coefficient (Δ _T = 1 K).

Also, the claimed technical result is achieved by introducing into the composition of a number of private OP:

- may use TMS and / or TMS concentrate, and / or TMS components, including marking material from the list: dyes, radioactive isotopes, abrasive microparticles, microparticles reflecting, scattering and absorbing electromagnetic radiation, luminescent materials, fluorescent materials (for example, it can be substances emitting light when excited by ultraviolet, or visible, or thermal radiation or as a result of chemical reactions: luminol, luciferin, fluorite, barite, etc.) or a mixture of such materials, or a mixture comprising at least one of them;

- in the process of cleaning said surface can use TMS of various compositions;

- at least one of the aforementioned TMS can be used in an aggregate state different from the others, while at least one TMS can be used in a liquid aggregate state;

- at least one stream of the said TMS can be directed to the indicated section, the temperature of which lies in the range from 20 to 70 ° C;

- elastic mechanical vibrations (waves) can be transmitted along the said stream, the frequency of which lies in the range from 5 to 10 ¹³ Hz;

- can change the frequency of these oscillations;

- can provide a given profile of the longitudinal section of the jet, while changing over time the strength of its mechanical impact on the surface in the range from 3 · 10 ^-1 to 3 · 10 ⁵ N;

- can set the profile of the cross section of the jet, providing a concentration of the above oscillations in the specified area;

- can pass an electric current along said stream, the density of which lies in the range from 10 ^-2 to 10 ⁶ A / m;

- can pass an alternating electric current, the frequency of which lies in the range from 3 to 100 Hz;

- can simultaneously use different jets to clean various surface areas located at a distance from each other exceeding the minimum longitudinal size of any of them;

- can set different temperatures for different jets in the range from 20 to 140 ° C;

- at least two of the various sites mentioned can clean TMS of various compositions;

- may use TMS, the composition of at least one of which differs from the composition of the TMS referred to in the independent clause;

- each of the cleaned surface areas can be sequentially exposed to various TMS;

- cleaning of the indicated area mentioned in the independent paragraph of the TMS can be carried out in at least two acts (in two stages), the time interval between which can exceed 2 s;

- in one act of cleaning the specified area can remove the specified volume of part of the pollution on it;

- when cleaning various parts of the surface can set a different pressure of the jet on the specified area;

- it may take different time to clean various surface areas;

- when cleaning various parts of the surface, vibrations of different frequencies can be used;

- when cleaning various parts of the surface can set different profiles of the cross section of the jet;

- when cleaning various parts of the surface can set a different current density;

- can carry out visual or automatic control of the thickness of the contamination removed from the specified site, and / or the thickness of the latter in the specified area, and / or the nature of such removal;

- can control the current strength;

- can receive reflected mechanical waves;

- can irradiate the indicated area with electromagnetic radiation from a long wave selected from the list of ranges: 0.96 ... 1.03, 1.20 ... 1.29, 1.52 ... 1.80, 2.10. .. 2.38, 3.32 ... 4.19, 4.49 ... 5.00, 8.01 ... 12.97 μm, and register the part of radiation reflected from this section;

- can use electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 5 microns;

- can use electromagnetic radiation with a coherence length of more than 1 m;

- can change the magnification of the registrar of the reflected part of the radiation depending on the distance from the registrar to the indicated area and / or depending on the distance from the last to the center of the field of view of the registrar;

- the aforementioned change in magnification can be carried out automatically;

- in the process of cleaning the surface or after it can transfer the mixture of TMS with washed contaminants from the zone in which the cleaning was carried out, in the tank-sump;

- as a settling tank can use a tank for storage and / or transportation of TMS (primary or secondary use) or part of its components;

- in the process of the aforementioned pumping can remove pollution from the specified mixture, the density of which is lower than the density of TMS;

- during the removal of contaminants can provide a laminar flow of the specified mixture;

- in the tank-sump can sparging or aerating the specified mixture of TMS with washed contaminants;

- they can control the pH of the surface layer of the specified mixture in the settling tank and, if necessary, carry out the adjustment of the solution taken from the specified layer into the said zone, while mixing it with TMS, or with its concentrate, or with part of its components, taken (and) from the container (s) for storing and / or transporting TMS, or its concentrate, or part of its components, in the ratio established at the specified pH control;

- said correction of the solution can be carried out automatically;

- they can use at least a two-chamber tank, one chamber of which is used as a settling tank, and the others as a container for storing and / or transporting TMS, or its concentrate, or its components;

- after cleaning the surface can remove contaminants whose density exceeds the density of TMS;

- can change in time the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the TMS (working solutions) used for processing sections of the surface to be cleaned;

- can control the type of TMS used to treat areas of the surface being cleaned, and / or the concentration of active components in such TMS;

- such control can be carried out automatically;

- such control can be carried out contactlessly;

- with such control can use a spectrum analyzer;

- can implement inertialess control of the supply of TMS of various composition and / or various concentrations.

- such control can be carried out automatically;

- can control the inclusion in the working solution of TMS, and / or its concentrate, and / or at least one of its components.

List of drawings

Figure 1 presents one of the options for the semi-automatic cleaning using the proposed method on the basis of the claimed composition.

Figure 2 presents the possible geometry of the feed to the pollution of the jet.

Figure 3 presents one of the variants of the circuit block supply TMS.

Figure 4 presents one of the variants of the block circuit for setting the composition of the working solution, as well as controlling its temperature, modes of separation of contaminants, etc. (hereinafter the task and control unit).

Figure 5 presents one of the variants of the spectrum analyzer.

Figure 6 presents one of the variants of the optoelectronic system, providing control of changes in the nature of cleaning and the thickness of the removed layer.

Figure 7 presents one of the options for automatic cleaning using the proposed method based on TMS of various compositions.

The drawings are given to confirm the industrial applicability of the claimed inventions and the identifiability of their distinguishing features.

Figure 1 is given to illustrate the claimed method in terms of centralized management of the inclusion of various components in the TMS.

Figure 2 is provided to illustrate the hallmarks of independent p. 21, as well as discussions on the last pages of the description.

Figure 3 is given to illustrate the management of the preparation of TMS of various qualitative and quantitative composition of the main and additional components.

Figure 4 is given to illustrate the operation of the task and control unit, as well as possible principles for optimizing the cleaning process.

Figure 5 is given to illustrate the method of non-contact control of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the working solution, as well as a method for determining its electrical parameters.

6 is shown to illustrate the use of automatic change in the magnification of the observing system (organ of technical vision) by changing the focal length of the lens of such a system in the process of automatic, non-contact, continuous monitoring of changes in the nature of pollution removal, which is required due to the high probability of defocusing, as well as loss of object attention in the presence of multiple interference and in conditions of continuous intense pollution of the front optical surface. Figure 6 shows the course of rays in the ideal case (scattering of the illuminator’s radiation at the object of attention, including in the direction of the aperture of the observing system), in practice there are multiple reflections from various objects and their parts (for example, from a pollution surface covered with a layer working solution, from the free surface of the working solution itself, as well as from particles suspended in its thickness, etc., which greatly distorts the picture of the process of removing contaminants.

Fig.7 is shown to illustrate a fully automatic cleaning based on the use of TMS of various compositions and different temperatures.

In the drawings, the following notation:

1 - horizontal, translucent, sorting guide plate,

2 - block planar-located inclined, translucent, sorting guide plates,

3 - pump, pumping from the tank sediment mixture of “washed” contaminants with waste, including an admixture of working solution,

4 - storage of large solid (usually insoluble) particles of pollution - waste to be disposed of,

5 - separator - a device in which the separation of solid particles of pollution, liquid hydrocarbons and working solution (or water) occurs

6 - storage of small solid (usually insoluble) particles of pollution - waste to be disposed of,

7 - sedimentator - a device in which the precipitation of small solid particles of contamination in liquid hydrocarbons,

8 - cylinder with gas (usually inert) under pressure, a cylinder with the same gas can be connected to the cleaning zone in order to displace oxygen from it (not shown in the drawings),

9 - storage tank for storing liquid hydrocarbons suitable for secondary use,

10 - translucent screen, contributing to the formation on the surface of the particles of pollution of gas bubbles,

11 - gas supply regulator (gas injector), hereinafter, a pulse injector can be used (the flow rate depends on the number of pulses per unit time),

12 - mixer, providing uniform mixing of the demulsifier with a mixture of contaminants and waste with a working solution (including coming from the separator),

13 - trap for liquid hydrocarbons and solid particles of pollution,

14 - pump supply of liquid hydrocarbons for secondary use,

15 - a container with a solution of a catalyst, for example, in water (designed to neutralize the action of the demulsifier and / or to reduce the pH in the filtration channel is not indicated in the drawing), hereinafter, tanks may include a heater, as well as mixers and other devices (for example, sparging systems), constantly or periodically mixing the compositions contained in them (such devices are not shown in the drawings),

16 - demulsifier feed regulator (demulsifier injector),

17 is a double solenoid valve of independent action, allowing the wiring of a solution suitable for secondary use, along the filtration channel and direct channel (not indicated in the drawing),

18 - tank-sump with a foam sensor (not shown in the drawing) and a pocket for collecting abrasive microparticles (not indicated in the drawing),

19 - feed controller (neutralizer injector),

20 is a container with a solution of a demulsifier, for example, in water,

21 is a mechanical filter with replaceable cartridges, serving, in particular, for the complete removal of abrasive microparticles from the solution,

22 - a pump pumping a mixture of contaminants and waste with a working solution from the treatment zone, may include a “return" (not shown in the drawing),

23 - sensor electrical parameters of the filtered solution (relative dielectric constant, electrical resistivity),

24 - a hose of a fence from a zone of cleaning of a mixture of contaminants and waste with a working solution,

25 is a chemical filter with replaceable cartridges, designed for active cleaning of the solution,

26 is a stream-concentrator of ultrasonic vibrations in the area to be cleaned — in the area of the contact of the stream with pollution (not indicated in the drawing),

27 - a tank of water designed to dilute the working solution or concentrate TMS,

28 - the main material of the surface being cleaned,

29 - the supply unit of TMS or its concentrate - a mixer of TMS components or a container with it or its concentrate,

30 - pollution (proportions in the drawings are not observed),

31 - TMS feed regulator (TMS injector), an electromagnetic valve can also be used here,

32 - multifunctional multi-jet dispenser-pulser and / or continuous with a narrow floodlight, electrode and ultrasonic and / or infrasound heads (the latter are not shown in the drawing), may include a vibration sensor made on the basis of a piezocrystalline element or microphone, ... ,

33 - softener feed regulator (softener injector),

34 - electromagnetic valve for water supply,

35 - capacity with a solution of a softener, for example, in water,

36 - the pump forcing the working solution into the cleaning zone, may include a drive (not shown),

37 - block job and control

38 - spectrum analyzer - hereinafter an optoelectronic device, including including a sensor (s) of electrical parameters of the working solution (not shown (s)),

39 - heater, for example, based on a thermistor battery or other electric heater with a temperature sensor of the working solution (not shown),

40 - current source, as a rule, with a voltage limit (an alternating current source can be used),

41 - connection to the working area (to the cleaning zone) of communications (working solution, power supply, signal cable, etc.),

42 is an operator that controls the change in the nature of cleaning and the thickness of the layer of removed contaminants, choosing cleaning modes and cleaned areas,

43 is a keyboard through which the operator sets the cleaning modes,

44 - control unit profile of the longitudinal section of the jet, the density and other parameters of the current, the frequency and amplitude of mechanical vibrations, etc.,

45 - a mixture of contaminants and waste with a working solution (flow of working solution),

46 - free surface of pollution (opposite to the one bordering the surface being cleaned),

47 - the perimeter of the spot, within which the jet hits the surface to be cleaned,

48 - the cleaned surface is the interface between the main material and pollution,

49 - working solution, spreading within the jet,

50 - free surface of a mixture of contaminants and waste with a working solution (in the drawing such a surface is shown wavy),

51 - control unit composition TMS or its concentrate,

52 - a tank with the main component of TMS - water, intended for the preparation of TMS or its concentrate,

53 - a container with the main component of TMS - a solution of inorganic salt (s) thereof, for example, in water, including a dye, for example, Charming Red AS,

54 - a container with the main component of TMS - a solution of the organic salt (s) thereof, for example, in water, including a dye, for example, Blue patented V,

55 - a container with the main component of TMS - a solution of nonionic (s) surfactants, for example, in water, including fluorescent material, for example fluorite,

56 - capacity with a solution of antifoam, for example, in water,

57 - defoamer feed regulator (defoamer injector),

58 - foam cutter (mechanical device) installed in the exchange tank (not shown in the drawing),

59 - a container with the main component of TMS - a solution of alcohol with alkoxyl groups, for example, in water, including a dye, for example Green S,

60 - a container with an additional component of TMS - a solution of a corrosion inhibitor, for example, in water, including a dye, for example Brown NT,

61 - capacity with the main component of TMS - a solution of cationic (s) surfactants, for example, in water,

62 - containers with other additional components of TMS,

63 - water supply regulator for the preparation of TMS (water injector for the preparation of TMS),

64 - inhibitor supply regulator (inhibitor injector),

65 is a pump that provides circulation of the solution during the preparation of TMS from the main components,

66 — a container with an additional TMS component — with an emulsifier solution, for example, in water, including abrasive microparticles, for example, silica sand with a particle size of about 10 μm (size and dispersion are marking parameters),

67 - feed regulator for the main components of TMS - cationic surfactant (injector cationic surfactant)

68 - emulsifier feed regulator (emulsifier injector),

69 - alcohol supply regulator with alkoxyl groups (alcohol injector with alkoxyl groups),

70 - spectrum analyzer finished TMS or its concentrate,

71 - regulator of the supply of inorganic salt (injector of inorganic salt),

72 - cutoff - a mechanical device,

73 - organic salt feed regulator (organic salt injector),

74 - feed regulator of nonionic surfactant (injector of nonionic surfactant),

75 - containers with other main components of TMS,

76 - spectrum analyzer for monitoring the inclusion of the main components in the TMS,

77 - mechanical fine filter,

78 - gas supply regulator for the preparation of TMS (gas injector) in the exchange capacity,

79 - gas cylinder for the preparation of TMS (under pressure),

80 is a pump with a storage tank (not shown in the drawing) for supplying TMS to the main line (not shown in the drawing),

81 is a block for generating input signals,

82 - controller

83 - 8 ... 32 - bit microprocessor (integrated voltage stabilizer, reset control circuit, as well as a number of other functional units of the reference and control unit are not shown in the drawing),

84 - non-volatile memory (with a capacity of several GB), in particular, designed to store information about step-by-step cleaning results

where i = 1, ..., m _y is the number of the cleaning step,

m _y - the number of steps (determined by the system polling time and cleaning time),

- вектор, характеризующий текущий результат, достигнутый при переходе от i-го шага очистки к (i+1)-му,

is a vector characterizing the current result achieved in the transition from the i-th cleaning step to the (i + 1) th,

O ₁ - functional relationship connecting the vector of the control signal of the microprocessor with a vector characterizing the current result,

- вектор управляющего сигнала микропроцессора на i-ом шаге очистки,

- the vector of the control signal of the microprocessor at the i-th cleaning step,

as well as cleaning efficiency

- вектор, характеризующий результат, достигнутый к i-му шагу очистки (вектор эффективности),Where

- a vector characterizing the result achieved by the i-th cleaning step (efficiency vector),

O ₂ is a functional relationship connecting the vector of the current result with the efficiency vector,

85 - diagnostic bus with a transceiver,

86 - block amplifiers and converters,

87 is a block of powerful operational amplifiers,

88 is a block of indicators (for example, with smooth color coding of modes),

89 - control unit of the operation of the spectrum analyzer with a preliminary data processing system,

90 is a single-element photodetector of the reference channel (comparison channel), in particular, allows you to analyze the transmission spectrum of the working solution,

91 - electrode, through which current is supplied to the probe,

92 - probe, used with a similar probe to determine the electrical resistivity of the working solution,

93 - film analyzer (works in the mirror-polarizer-analyzer triad, see below),

94 - single-lens condenser,

95 - mirror

96 is a matrix of photodetectors, for example photodiodes or CCD structures,

97 - liquid crystal controlled polarizer,

98 - prism-cube with a semi-reflecting inner face,

99 - UV lamp with a hood,

100 - multi-chip (more than 2 crystals, approximately 5 ... 15 pcs.) Light emitting diode (each crystal of such a diode has its own working wavelength, while its radiation covers the spectral range from infrared to blue spectral regions, as well as as a rule, its successive inclusion of crystals in its spectrum width allows scanning of the working solution practically over its entire transmission spectrum),

101 - achromatized aplanat lens (mainly a telephoto lens should be used here),

102 - an electrode by which voltage is applied to a translucent conductive film (not indicated in the drawing), while a pair of such films allows to determine the dielectric constant of the working solution,

103 - transparent dielectric coating of conductive electrodes,

104 - quartz wedge prism,

105 - pollution particles in the volume of a drop of working solution,

106 - a protective glass washer, has the ability to swing in the directions indicated in the drawing arrows (not indicated),

107 - element of a protective glass cleaning system, has the ability to move in the directions indicated in the drawing arrows (not indicated),

108 - the hood of the illuminator,

109 - collecting mirror (lens element),

110 is a multi-element photodetector optoelectronic observational system,

111 - evaporation of the working solution and drip fog TMS,

112 - free particle of pollution,

113 - a drop of working solution,

114 - protective quartz glass with a front optical surface and a Fresnel lens in the center of its second surface (not indicated in the drawing),

115 - emitter - a light emitting diode with a set of crystals having different working wavelengths, emitting highly coherent (compared to natural sources) electromagnetic waves (with a high degree of spatial coherence), and / or a set of laser diodes with different working wavelengths,

116 - scattering mirror (lens element),

117 is a control unit of the emitter’s luminescence (selection of the irradiation spectrum of the area to be cleaned or studied), as well as a preliminary processing unit for the signal of a multi-element photodetector (for example, the Fourier transform for the subsequent estimation of the amplitude spatial spectrum of the image of the area to be cleaned and its comparison, for example, with the image spectrum of a clean surface ),

118 - the feed channel into the cleaning zone of TMS, at least one of the main or additional components of which differs from those components of other TMS used during cleaning, or the feed channel into the cleaning zone of the working solution, the temperature of which differs from the temperature of the working solutions supplied through other channels ,

119 - the base of the cleaning installation, may include a number of loads of the task and control unit, such as additional pumps, distributors of working solutions (valves, injectors, etc.), distributors of electrical signals, as well as operating voltages and currents, heaters, electric motors, electronic devices and so on. (not shown in the drawing), during the cleaning process it is mainly moved downward (bold arrow), driven by an electromechanical feed device (not shown in the drawing), the base may include nozzles for supplying an inert gas to the cleaning zone (not shown in the drawing) ,

120 - replaceable polymer inserts (rollers, balls, spring release legs, other can be used),

121 - pole of an electromagnet, for example the north,

122 - pole of an electromagnet, for example south,

123 - cleaned surface

124 - an optical head, including an optoelectronic monitoring system, under the action of control signals can make swinging rotational movements relative to the axis shown in the drawing, or simply rotate around it in the direction shown in the arrow

125 - aperture diaphragm of an optoelectronic observing system, preferably coinciding with a protective quartz glass, such a system can scan in a vertical plane, for example, by swinging in it (not shown),

126 - one of four nozzles of a dispenser-dispenser located at different levels and directed at an angle of 90 ° to each other, including electromagnets and configured to move up and down (the arrow is shown in the drawing) along the guide with which it makes a translational electric motor, the dispenser-dispenser also includes connecting electromagnetic feed devices to the TMS nozzles, mating with the guide response devices (not shown in the drawing), and similar electrical distribution devices, in another embodiment, TMS and control / operating voltages and currents can be supplied from the base to the dispenser-dispenser, for example, by means of flexible hoses located outside the guide (not shown in the drawing), the dispenser-dispenser may include additional nozzles for feeding into the zone inert gas purification (not shown in the drawing), along the same hose from the dispenser-dispenser, signal cables can also be diverted (through which information is transmitted from the observation system, information about the work of loads, etc.),

127 - a guide, preferably of a square section, along the internal cavity of which communications pass (information signals are sent, TMS are supplied, as well as controlling the operation of nozzles, ultra- and infrasound heads, etc. voltages and currents), includes electromagnetic and electrical switchgear adapters with a hard-set step, located on one of its faces (not shown in the drawing), for each permitted position of the dispenser-dispenser relative to the guide pair of their mentioned connecting and distribution edelitelnyh devices arranged opposite to each other, after which the desired connection can be such devices to each other,

128 - replaceable polymer linings,

129 - spring squeezing tabs-clamps (4 ... 16 pcs.),

130 - punch,

131 - other supply channels to the TMS working area, at least one of the main or additional components of which differs from such components of other TMS used during cleaning, or supplying working solutions to the working area, the temperature of which differs from the temperature of the working solutions supplied through other channels ,

A - TMS or its concentrate,

And ₁ - water for the preparation of TMS,

And ₂ - cationic (s) surfactant,

And ₃ - alcohol with alkoxyl groups,

And ₄ - the circulation of the solution when mixing the main components of TMS,

A ₅ is an inorganic salt,

A ₆ is an organic salt,

A ₇ - nonionic surfactant (s),

A ₈ - defoamer,

A ₉ - gas for the preparation of TMS,

A ₁₀ is a corrosion inhibitor,

A ₁₁ is an emulsifier,

And ₁₂ - the movement of the solution with the introduction of additional components of TMS,

B - working solution

B - heated working solution

G - a mixture of contaminants and waste with a working solution,

D - solution for secondary use,

E - filtered solution (industrial water),

G - a mixture of unfiltered and filtered solution,

Z - a mixture of “washed” contaminants and waste mixed with a working solution,

And - large particles, as a rule, of an insoluble part of contaminants - waste to be disposed of,

K is a mixture of washed impurities with suspended insoluble particles, usually of inorganic origin,

L - a solution suitable for recycling,

M - small insoluble particles of pollution - waste,

H - pollution suitable for recycling,

Oh - water

P - softener,

P is a demulsifier

C is gas

U is a neutralizer

SE ₁ - adjustment movement of one of the prisms relative to another (preferably automatic), allowing you to change (increase or decrease, for example, depending on transparency) the thickness of the analyzed layer of the working solution located between the prisms,

Yu ₂ - moving the collecting mirror when changing the magnification of the registrar,

U ₃ - the movement of the multi-element photodetector when the magnification of the emitter changes, is coordinated with the movement of the collecting mirror, additional movement in this direction (not shown in the drawing) allows for sharpening (preferably automatic),

N - weighted average (average) thickness of pollution,

h is the thickness (average) of the flow of the working solution,

p - additional to atmospheric pressure exerted by the working solution on the cleaned area,

- вектор опрашивающего сигнала компьютера (на фигурах не показан),

- vector of the interrogating computer signal (not shown in the figures),

where q ₁ , ..., q _mq are the components of the vector

m _q is the dimension of the vector

S is the area of the cleared area,

T is the absolute temperature of the working solution supplied to the cleaning zone,

- вектор текущего результата,

is the vector of the current result,

например, это значение плотности тока в конце i-го шага и ее приращение на этом шаге, пространственный спектр спекла в конце i-го шага и его изменение на этом шаге, толщина удаленного на i-м шаге загрязнения и т.д., и т.д.,where u ₁ , ..., u _mu are the components of the vector

for example, this is the value of the current density at the end of the i-th step and its increment at this step, the spatial spectrum of the speckle at the end of the i-th step and its change at this step, the thickness of the pollution removed at the i-th step, etc., and etc.

m _u is the dimension of the vector

ν - maximum tangential to the “free” surface of the pollution, the flow rate of the working solution,

- скорость рабочего раствора в кювете спектроанализатора (между призмами),

- the speed of the working solution in the cuvette of the spectrum analyzer (between prisms),

X ₁ - information from the spectrum analyzer (hereinafter - about the transmittance and turbidity of the working solution, its absorption and reflection spectra, its afterglow and the size of optical inhomogeneities, as well as its electrical parameters), in particular, the total illumination is estimated a multi-element photodetector, as well as its distribution in space (over various elements of the photodetector),

X ₂ - information about the temperature of the working solution,

X ₃ - information about the selected cleaning modes,

X ₄ - information on the effectiveness of defoaming and on the electrical parameters of the solution,

X ₅ - information about the electrical parameters of the filtered solution,

X ₆ - information about the nature of the cleaning,

X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{1}}$ - information from a spectrum analyzer channel mixing the main components of the TMC (not shown in the drawing),

X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{2}}$ - information about the level of the foam (not shown in the drawing) and the liquid level in the exchange tank,

X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{3}}$ - information from a spectrum analyzer of the channel for introducing additional TMS components into the solution (not indicated in the drawing),

X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{38}}{\text{1}}$ - information about the illumination of various elements of a multi-element photodetector,

X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{38}}{\text{2}}$ - information about the current passing through the probe circuit,

X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{38}}{\text{3}}$ - information on the voltage between the conductive films or on their reactance,

- вектор, характеризующий информацию, поступающую от датчиков элементов системы очистки,

- a vector characterizing the information received from the sensors of the elements of the cleaning system,

(см., в частности, ниже),where X ₁ , ... are the components of the vector

(see in particular below)

m _x - vector dimension

y ₁ - control signals that determine the supply of TMS in the working solution,

y ₂ - control signals that specify the composition of the TMS,

y ₃ - control signals that determine the flow of the softener into the water,

y ₄ - control signals that determine the flow into the working solution of water,

y ₅ - control signals that determine the temperature of the working solution supplied to the cleaning zone,

y ₆ - control signals that determine the flow into the tank-sedimentation tank demulsifier,

y ₇ - control signals that determine the flow into the tank-settler sparging gases,

y ₈ - control signals that specify the ratio of the unfiltered and filtered parts of the solution in their mixture, going for reuse,

y ₉ - control signals that determine the mixing of the filtered solution with the neutralizer,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{1}}$ - control signals that determine the flow into the exchange capacity of sparging gases,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{2}}$ - control signals that determine the rate of circulation of the solution with the introduction of the main components of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{3}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion of water in the solution during the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{4}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion of a solution of cationic (s) surfactants in the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{5}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion in the solution of alcohol with alkoxyl groups in the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{6}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion of inorganic salt in the solution during the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{7}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion in the solution of organic salt in the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{8}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion in the solution of nonionic (s) surfactants in the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{9}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion in the solution of the other (their) main (s) component of the TMS during its preparation,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{10}}$ - control signals that determine the flow in the exchange capacity of the antifoam,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{eleven}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion of a corrosion inhibitor in the solution during the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{12}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion in the solution of another (their) additional (s) component (s) in the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{29th}}{\text{thirteen}}$ - control signals that determine the inclusion of an emulsifier in the solution during the preparation of TMS,

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{38}}{\text{1}}$ - control signals that determine the operating mode of the light emitting diode (what current and through which crystal flows), which can be turned off or on (while its crystals can be sequentially activated),

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{38}}{\text{2}}$ - control signals that determine the type of the spectrum under study (transmission / absorption or reflection), when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal polarizer, the analyzer-polarizer vapor becomes transparent and the radiation of the light emitting diode passing through the lens and the working solution, reflected from the mirror and again passing through the working solution, is focused by the lens on a multi-element photodetector, in the absence of the aforementioned voltage (possibly vice versa), only reflected by the working solution is focused on the multi-element photodetector zluchenie (mirror off of the scheme)

y $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{38}}{\text{3}}$ - control signals that determine the operation of the same as the just described liquid crystal shutter of an ultraviolet lamp (when the light-emitting diode is turned off, the liquid crystal shutter of the ultraviolet lamp is open and radiation from fluorescent particles of the working solution illuminated by the ultraviolet lamp is incident on the multielement device),

- вектор управляющего сигнала блока задания и управления,

is the vector of the control signal of the task and control unit,

(см., в частности, выше),where y ₁ , ... are the components of the vector

(see, in particular, above),

m _y - vector dimension

Z $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{38}}{\text{1}}$ - information about the current mode of operation of the light emitting diode,

- вектор состояния нагрузок (инжекторов, клапанов, термисторов, прожекторов и проч., и проч.),

- the state vector of the loads (injectors, valves, thermistors, spotlights, etc., etc.),

where z ₁ , ..., z _mz are the components of the vector

m _z is the dimension of the vector

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

The implementation of the claimed compositions and method is considered simultaneously on the examples of disinfection and cleaning of oil deposits of the tank and a narrow tunnel (for example, pipes).

In almost all possible variants of the mentioned implementation, TMS or its concentrate is prepared before cleaning, mixing their components at the indicated weight ratios. The exception is cases similar to those shown in Fig. 1, when some of these components, for example, demulsifiers, are not included in the working solution supplied to the treatment zone, but are attached to it at the stage of separation of “washed” contaminants. This remark also applies, for example, to technological substances, such as a neutralizer, a softener, etc.

Similarly, solutions of the main and additional components of TMS can be obtained (see below).

In this case, dry mixtures of TMS components or semi-finished products (previously prepared from these components by means of sequential mixing), or parts thereof, or those in the liquid phase, coming from the respective containers through metering devices (for example, injectors) can be used.

To do this, at a given speed (several kg / s), the specified components in the indicated mass ratios are introduced sequentially or in parallel to the batch or continuous mixer at a temperature of 50 to 90 ° C. Then stirring is carried out for 5 to 180 minutes.

So, in the TMS composition, which includes nonionic and cationic surfactants and water as organic compounds, a salt that does not exhibit pronounced surface-active properties can be added, selected from the list: sodium, potassium or calcium gluconate, glycine sodium salt, polyacrylic acid sodium salt (modified by ether groups), sodium benzoate, sodium oleate, or a mixture of salts containing at least one of the following. Moreover, the mass fraction of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _OS - mass fraction in TMS of an organic salt or a mixture of organic salts,

ω is the mass fraction in the TMS of water,

ω _surfactant - mass fraction of TMS surfactants.

Before, during or after the introduction of the organic salt into the TMS composition, an inorganic compound may additionally include a salt selected from the list: sodium, potassium or calcium metasilicate, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, silicate, tripolyphosphate, hexametaphosphate, sodium sulfate, or a mixture salts containing at least one of the listed salts, while the mass fraction of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _ns is the mass fraction in TMS of an inorganic salt or a mixture of inorganic salts.

Additionally, the composition may include alkali, for example a solution of soda ash.

Similarly, an alcohol with alkoxyl groups selected from the list: butyl diglycol butyl diglycol, or a mixture of such alcohols containing at least one of the above listed alcohols, with mass fractions of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _e is the mass fraction in TMS of alcohol or a mixture of alcohols.

The composition can be formulated so that the mass fractions of these compounds will satisfy the condition

As a nonionic surfactant, a compound from the list can be used: syntanol, neonol, a block copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene glycol derivatives of ethylene diamine or ethylene diamide, ethoxylated alcohol or an arbitrary mixture of such compounds.

As a cationic surfactant, a compound from the list can be used: triethanolamine, tetrasodium sulfoamine sulfonate, compounds of pyridine, quinoline, phthalazine, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, morpholine, thiamorpholine, piperidine, benzoxazine, polyethylene glycol ether of tocopherol or

Mass fractions of nonionic and cationic surfactants in the composition must satisfy the condition

where ω _n is the mass fraction in TMS of nonionic surfactant or a mixture of such surfactants,

ω _to - the mass fraction in the TMS of a cationic surfactant or a mixture of such surfactants.

It is important to note that it is allowed to include anionic surfactants in the composition, for example, such as sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, alkylbenzenesulfonate, etc.

At the same time, such a surfactant content is optimal that the mass fractions of surfactant and water satisfy the condition

Δ ₁ is the tolerance numerically equal to 1.25.

As water, the composition may include natural water with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 60 mg / l or deionized softened purified chemically prepared water of primary or secondary use with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 30 mg / l and a conductivity of not more than 10 ^-5 Ohm ^-1 · m ^-1 containing less than 0.2 mg / l of soluble salts of calcium and magnesium and less than 30 mg / l of suspended solids, or a mixture of softened water and hard water (content of hardness salts of more than 2 mg / l), provided , what x mass fractions satisfy the condition

where ω _y is the mass fraction in the TMS of softened water,

ω _W - mass fraction in TMS of hard water.

Moreover, artificially mineralized water of primary or secondary use with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 60 mg / l can be included in the composition as hard water.

The composition of quantum satis can include propellant gases or sparging gases selected from the list: argon, helium, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, or an arbitrary mixture of such gases, or another gas not listed, such as air, while the composition can be performed non-carbonated, or slightly carbonated, or moderately carbonated, or highly carbonated, for which it can include the said gases in terms of the equivalent mass fraction of carbon dioxide, respectively, less than 0.20%, or from 0.20 to 0.30%, or from 0 , 30 to 0.40%, or St. Chez 0.40%.

The composition of quantum satis (usually not more than 0.3 g / l of the composition to be stored for more than 24 hours, for example, within a week or a month) may include a preservative selected from the list: sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, sorbate calcium, benzoic acid, potassium benzoate, calcium benzoate, sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium bisulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfide, potassium hydrogen sulfide or other sorbate, benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate or sulfite not included in the list .

A dye selected from the list may be included in the composition of quantum satis (as a rule, not more than 0.3 g / l): Amaranth, Erythrosine, Annato, Bixin, Norbixin, Curcumin, Tartrazine, Quinoline Yellow, Yellow FCF Sun Sunset, Orange Yellow S, Cochineal, Carminic Acid. Carmine, Azorubine, Carmozine, Ponso 4R, Red Cochineal A, Red Charming AS, Blue Patent V, Indigotine, Indigo Carmine, Blue Glossy FCF, Green S, Black Glossy BN, Black PN, Brown NT, Lycopene, Ethyl Ester (-apocarotene- 8 'acid); Lutein, or any acceptable composition of such substances, or another dye that is not on the list.

It is important to emphasize (see also below the material regarding the connection of the distinguishing features of the presented invention with the claimed technical result) that any other dye in the application materials means any marking material. So, they can use TMS and / or TMS concentrate, and / or TMS components, including marking material from the additional list: radioactive isotopes, abrasive microparticles, microparticles reflecting, scattering and absorbing electromagnetic radiation, luminescent materials, fluorescent materials (for example, they can be substances that emit light when excited by ultraviolet, or visible, or thermal radiation, or as a result of chemical reactions: luminol, luciferin, fluorite, barite, etc.), or a mixture of such materials ialov, or a mixture comprising at least one of them.

The composition of quantum satis may include flavoring selected from the list: quinine; gentian; aromatic herbs; spices; agaric acid; aloin; beta-asarone; berberine; coumarin; hydrocyanic acid; hypericin; bulletproof; quassin; safrole and isosafrol; santonin; alpha and beta thujone, or any acceptable composition of such substances, or another flavoring that is not on the list.

The composition of quantum satis (usually not more than 0.5%) can include corrosion inhibitors selected from the list: substances based on propylene glycol, based on calcium chloride, based on ethanolamine, formalin and isononylphenol, a mixture of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates , a solution of amines and special additives, a liquid based on organophosphorus compounds (phosphones), 4-hydroxy-3-hydroxyethylaminomethyl, sulfomaleic acid, ether derivatives of the latter or a mixture of corrosion inhibitors containing at least one corrosion inhibitor and listed. Moreover, the mass fraction of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _u is the mass fraction in the TMS of a corrosion inhibitor or a mixture of corrosion inhibitors.

Emulsifiers selected from the list may be included in the composition of quantum satis (usually not more than 1%): trichlorethylene, methyl stearate, polyvinyl alcohol, or a mixture of emulsifiers containing at least one of the listed emulsifiers. Moreover, the mass fraction of these compounds must satisfy the condition

where ω _em is the mass fraction in the TMS of an emulsifier or a mixture of emulsifiers.

Demulsifiers selected from the list may be included in the composition of quantum satis (as a rule, not more than 0.7%): a solution of an organosilicon block copolymer in a mixture of methanol and water, a solution of a composition of polyethers and an organosilicon block copolymer in a mixture of methanol and water.

The sequence of inclusion in the TMS of components of fundamental importance for its washing properties is not and is selected in accordance with technological expediency. This sequence is important when using TMS of various compositions during the cleaning process, which will be discussed in detail below.

As a rule, cooking is carried out at normal pressure.

If necessary, carry out the drying of the semi-finished products (provide the specified humidity).

For example, surfactants can be mixed with water and sodium metasilicate, ensuring the destruction of colloidal clots (for which they can, for example, not pour, but spray a solution with surfactants or surfactants into a dry mixture containing sodium metasilicate), followed by heating to the indicated temperature and adding with continuous stirring a dry mixture of other organic and inorganic compounds in the indicated mass ratios. After that, maleic and / or sulfmaleic acids with their ester derivatives, as well as a preservative, colorants and flavorings, can be added to the obtained semi-finished product.

In other embodiments, surfactants may be administered at the final stage of the preparation of TMS.

Previously, mixtures or solutions of these components, or semi-finished products, or parts thereof, can be subjected to special processing, for example, heating, stirring, mechanical or chemical filtration, separation according to particle size (separation into fractions), grinding, dosing, etc. Moreover, the composition may include only technological substances selected from the list: fumaric acid, phosphoric acid, triphosphates, polyoxyethylene stearate, metavinic acid, propane-1,2-diol alginate, Karaya gum, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, wood resin glycerin ether, polyglycerol ethers fatty acids, calcium stearyl-2-lactylate, dimethyl polysiloxane, calcium carbonates, acetic acid, potassium acetate, sodium acetates, calcium acetate, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, fatty acid esters ascorbic acid, a concentrate of a mixture of tocopherols, lecithins, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate, sodium citrates, potassium citrates, calcium citrates, sodium tartrates, potassium tartrates, potassium tartrate, sodium maleates, potassium maleates, calcium maleates, calcium tartrate, triammonium citrate, alginic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, tragacaitum, gum arabic, xanthan gum, packaging gum, gellan gum, glycerin, sodium lysium salts of fatty acids, magnesium salts of fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, esters of glycerol, acetic and fatty acids, esters of glycerol and fatty acids, esters of mono- and diglycerides, as well as fatty acids, sodium carbonates, potassium carbonates, ammonium carbonates , magnesium carbonates, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sulfuric acid, potassium sulfates, calcium sulfates, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, fatty acids, glucones acid, glucono-delta-lactone, polydextrose.

Example I. Prepare a TMS composition, including:

- 0.08% of nonionic and cationic surfactants, for example, in the ratio of 4: 1, while as nonionic surfactants it includes neonol or its mixture with syntanol in the ratio of 10: 1, and as cationic triethanolamine or its mixture with polyethylene glycol ether tocopherol in a ratio of 8: 1, as well as 0.004% fluorite, introduced into the composition together with a nonionic surfactant or with a mixture of such surfactants, or with a mixture of nonionic and cationic surfactants, or its or their solution in water,

- 0.08% of an organic salt (not showing pronounced surface-active properties) or a mixture of such salts, for example sodium gluconate or a mixture of sodium and potassium gluconates in a ratio of 5: 1, as well as 0.008% of the dye Blue patented V introduced into the composition along with organic salt, or a mixture of such salts, or its or their solution in water,

- 1.0% sparging gas, for example nitrogen or a mixture of nitrogen with helium in a ratio of 1: 2,

- 0.006% of a preservative, for example, sodium benzoate or its mixture with calcium benzoate in a ratio of 1: 1, introduced into the composition with the concentrate from which TMS was prepared if a concentrate was used in the preparation of TMS,

- the rest is a mixture of deionized softened purified, chemically prepared water of primary or secondary use with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 30 mg / l and a specific conductivity of not more than 10 ^-5 Ohm ^-1 · m ^-1 containing less than 0.2 mg / l of soluble salts calcium and magnesium and less than 30 mg / l of suspended solids with natural water having a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 60 mg / l, in a ratio of 50: 1.

Example II Prepare a TMS composition, including:

- 1% surfactant mentioned in example I, as well as 0.05% fluorite,

- 1% organic salt or a mixture of such salts mentioned in example I, as well as 0.1% dye Blue patented V,

- 0.5% inorganic salt or a mixture of such salts, for example sodium metasilicate or a mixture of metasilicate and sodium sulfate in a ratio of 9: 1, as well as 0.1% of the dye Red charming AC and 0.01% of flavoring, for example beta-asarone, introduced into the composition together with an inorganic salt, or a mixture of such salts, or its or their solution in water,

- 0.5% alcohol with alkoxyl groups (not showing pronounced surface-active properties) or a mixture of such alcohols, for example diglycol butyl ether or its mixture with butyldiglycol in a ratio of 1:10, as well as 0.1% dye, for example Green S, and 0.01% flavoring, for example hydrocyanic acid, introduced into the composition together with said alcohol, or said mixture of alcohols, or its or their solution in water,

- 0.1% sparging gas or a mixture of such gases mentioned in example I,

- 0.03% preservative or mixture of preservatives mentioned in example I,

- 0.5% emulsifier, for example trichlorethylene or its mixture with methyl stearate in a ratio of 4: 1, as well as 0.05% silica sand with a particle size of 10 ± 2 μm, introduced into the composition together with an emulsifier, or a mixture of emulsifiers, or their solution in water,

- the rest mentioned in example I, a mixture of softened water with hard in a ratio of 10: 1.

Example III Prepare a TMS composition, including:

- Surfactant and fluorite, an organic salt or a mixture of such salts and a dye Blue patented V, an inorganic salt or a mixture of such salts and a dye Red charming AC, and beta-azarone, an alcohol with alkoxyl groups or a mixture of such alcohols and a dye Green S, and hydrocyanic acid as well as a preservative in accordance with example II,

- 0.1% corrosion inhibitor, for example a mixture of maleic acid, sulfmaleic acid, sulfmaleic acid esters, maleic esters, sulfuric acid esters, including these substances in relative amounts, respectively, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0, 1, 0.1, as well as 0.01% of the dye Brown NT introduced into the composition together with a corrosion inhibitor or a mixture of substances acting as an inhibitor, or its or their solution in water,

- 0.1% of the emulsifier or mixture of emulsifiers mentioned in example II, as well as 0.01% of the silica sand mentioned in example II,

- the rest mentioned in example I, a mixture of softened water with hard in a ratio of 10: 1.

Example IV Prepare a TMS composition, including:

- Surfactant and fluorite, as well as an organic salt or mixture of such salts and dye Blue patented V in accordance with example I,

- 0.1% alcohol with alkoxyl groups or mixtures of such alcohols, as well as 0.02 dye and 0.002 flavoring, mentioned in example II,

- 0.1% sparging gas or a mixture of such gases mentioned in example I,

- 0.006% of the preservative or mixture of preservatives mentioned in example I,

- 0.5% corrosion inhibitor, as well as 0.05% dye Brown NT, mentioned in example III,

- 0.1% demulsifier, for example, a solution of the composition of polyethers and organosilicon block copolymer in a mixture of methanol and water,

- the rest mentioned in example I, a mixture of softened water with hard in a ratio of 50: 1.

Example V. Prepare a TMS composition, including:

- Surfactant and fluorite, as well as an organic salt or mixture of such salts and dye Blue patented V in accordance with example I,

- 1.0% sparging gas or a mixture of such gases mentioned in example I,

- 0.006% of the preservative or mixture of preservatives mentioned in example I,

- 1% corrosion inhibitor, as well as the dye Brown NT, mentioned in example III,

- 0.3% of the demulsifier mentioned in example IV,

- the rest mentioned in example I, a mixture of softened water with hard in a ratio of 50: 1.

Moreover, the compositions shown in the examples are typically used:

(I) - before cleaning,

(II) - mainly during cleaning and mainly at its initial stage,

(III) - before the final removal of contamination and mainly after the initial stage of cleaning,

(IV) - at the final stage of cleaning and mainly after removal of contamination,

(V) - after cleaning.

The finished product is discharged into appropriate containers. So, for example, fill the block 29 (figure 1), and then carry out the washing of the surface to be cleaned.

потока рабочего раствора 45 относительно поверхности загрязнения 46 в таком диапазоне, чтобы удовлетворялось условиеIn the process of cleaning the surface 48 (figure 2) support the value of speed

the flow of the working solution 45 relative to the surface of contamination 46 in such a range that the condition

where ν is the mentioned velocity (m / s),

Δ _t is the coefficient (Δ _t = 1 s),

h is said thickness (m),

Δ ₂ - tolerance numerically equal to 2.

Provide simultaneous cleaning of area S, satisfying the condition

where p is the maximum, additional to atmospheric pressure, averaged over an area of 10 ^-4 m ² , provided by the working solution to at least one fragment of the said section (10 ³ Pa ≤ p ≤ 2 · 10 ⁷ Pa),

S is the area of the said section (and such that the working solution is supplied to any of its fragments with a pressure exceeding 25% of the pressure p),

T is the absolute temperature of the working solution supplied to the cleaning zone (290 K≤ T≤ 480 K), we can assume that this is the temperature of the working solution 49, spreading within the jet,

F is a parameter such that (5 · 10 ⁴ H≤ F≤ 6.5 · 10 ⁷ H),

Δ _T is the coefficient (Δ _T = 1 K).

It is preferable, especially for cleaning vertically arranged surfaces, to use a jet regime of cleaning, affecting pollution 30 with a jet 26. At the same time, at least one jet of working solution can be directed to the area to be cleaned, the temperature of which lies in the range from 20 to 70 ° С. to clean various areas located at a distance from each other exceeding the minimum longitudinal size of any of them, using, for example, various nozzles, such as, for example, 126, oriented in different The direction (7).

Elastomeric mechanical vibrations (waves), the frequency of which lies in the range from 5 to 10 ¹³ Hz, can also be transmitted along the stream with the help of device 32, and they can also pass through it a constant or alternating electric current with a frequency of 3 ... 100 Hz, the density of which lies in the range from 10 ^-2 to 10 ⁶ A / m, for which a source of 40 is used (the drawing shows a constant current source, whereas in practice an alternating current source, and in some cases voltage, can be used).

Using the device 44, they can change in time the frequencies of the aforementioned current and oscillations, the profile of the longitudinal section of the jet (for example, setting such a profile at which the concentration of vibrations in the indicated section is ensured), and the force of mechanical action on the surface in the range from 3 · 10 ^-1 to 3 · 10 ⁵ N.

Carrying out cleaning, analyze its nature. In semi-automatic mode, the main part of the analysis function is assigned to the operator 42, who, using the keypad 43, sets the cleaning modes worked out by block 37 (see below for more details), and through the angular movement mechanism (shown but not indicated in Fig. 1) of the dispenser 32 sets the position in the space of the jet 26, choosing the area to be cleaned.

In automatic mode, the main part of the analysis function (control over the nature of cleaning and primary processing of information) is assigned to the optoelectronic system (Fig. 6), which includes (due to the possible work in the infrared region of the spectrum) Cassegrain system lens, consisting of mirrors 109 and 116, collecting on photodetector 110, the radiation of a searchlight-illuminator (composed of an emitter 115 with a lens hood 108 and a Fresnel lens located in the center of the surface of the protective glass 114 internal to the system), scattered (including, and this is important in p as a result of reflection from various interfaces of the media) at the objects of attention 48, 50 (FIG. 2), 105, 112, 113, as well as in the media 45, 49, 111. The photodetector is connected to an electronic unit 117 that determines the spectral composition of the radiation of the searchlight and carries out preliminary processing of information received from the photodetector (the spatial distribution of illumination in the analysis plane is possible at different wavelengths - the operation of such a system can be built on the principle of the spectrum analyzer shown in figure 5).

It should be noted that the protective glass of such a system is preferably placed in the plane of its aperture diaphragm in order to minimize errors in the analysis of changes in the nature of cleaning introduced by continuous deposition of contaminants on such glass and continuous cleaning in this connection using a washer 106 and a wiper 107.

Additional signals carrying information on the cleaning modes (on the density of the current flowing along the stream, its frequency, etc.), as well as on its nature (on the amplitude of the mechanical vibrations reflected from the cleaned area, and sound cleaning picture, including volumetric cleaning, etc.). The channel for supplying such signals is not shown in the drawing.

, передаваемых на блок 37 (фиг.4) очистного комплекса, в который включены блок формирования входных сигналов микропроцессора 81, на который поступает вся информация, учитываемая при задании режимов очистки, формировании композиции рабочего раствора и сепарации загрязнений и отходов, контроллер 82, связывающий блок 37 с внешним по отношению к нему компьютером и/или монитором (на чертеже не показаны), микропроцессор 83, содержащий и выполняющий программу очистки, энергонезависимую память 84, обеспечивающую возможность накопления статистической информации о проведенных очистках (см. также ниже), диагностическую шину 85, блок усилителей и преобразователей 86 выходного сигнала микропроцессора, блок мощных (рассчитанных на токи нагрузки от 1,5 до 150 А) операционных усилителей 87, управляющих нагрузками, и блок индикаторов 88, например расположенная на клавиатуре 43 (фиг.1) линейка или матрица светоизлучающих диодов.All information received at the input of block 117 is taken into account when forming its output signal X ₆ and part of the vector components

transmitted to the block 37 (Fig. 4) of the treatment complex, which includes the input signal forming unit of the microprocessor 81, which receives all the information taken into account when setting the cleaning modes, forming the composition of the working solution and separation of contaminants and waste, controller 82, the connecting unit 37 with an external computer and / or monitor (not shown), a microprocessor 83, comprising and executing a cleaning program, non-volatile memory 84, providing the possibility of accumulation of statistical and information about the cleanings (see also below), a diagnostic bus 85, a block of amplifiers and converters 86 of the microprocessor output signal, a block of powerful (designed for load currents from 1.5 to 150 A) operational amplifiers 87 that control the loads, and a block of indicators 88 , for example, a ruler or matrix of light emitting diodes located on the keyboard 43 (Fig. 1).

Optimization of the cleaning process can be carried out by the operator by sorting through various cleaning modes and selecting those in which a larger amount of contaminants is removed per unit time (which can be estimated visually, or by assessing the amount of contamination or small or large wastes entering reservoir 9 and in drives 4, 6, which can be equipped with sensors for filling speed (not shown in the drawings), allowing, for example, to estimate the rate of change in the weight of the contents.

The specified search can be carried out automatically, while taking into account all the parameters and modes of cleaning, as well as its nature. Further, it comes down to solving the optimization problem. In this case, the automatic search sequence can be set programmatically or can be determined by generating random numbers, with the help of which the “stability” of the selected optimal modes can also be estimated (for which unpredictable “outliers” of the cleaning system from the optimal memory mode can be performed periodically or from time to time the result achieved during its implementation and, accordingly, with the possibility of returning to such a regime either by sequential optimization, or immediately in the absence of walk).

позволяют составить системы уравнений, решая которые статистическими методами, например методами регрессионного (линейного или нелинейного) либо факторного анализов, можно оценить значимость каждого шага в аспекте достижения текущего и конечного результатов, с тем чтобы осуществлять наискорейший выбор предпочтительных режимов.Certain weights on certain modes can be imposed by formal statistics of previously performed cleanings (cleanings preceding the current one). For this, the non-volatile memory 84 is included in the electronic unit 37. The accumulated data

allow us to compose systems of equations, which are solved by statistical methods, for example, by methods of regression (linear or non-linear) or factor analysis, we can evaluate the significance of each step in terms of achieving the current and final results in order to carry out the fastest selection of preferred modes.

An arbitrary combination of these or other procedures known from the prior art can also be used (today there are many standard “library” optimization programs in almost every programming language).

The analysis of the nature of the cleaning is carried out in order to maintain with a given tolerance (from several percent to several tens of percent of the absolute value) the values of the controlled parameters of the cleaning regime near optimal. So, for example, they can support the quantities included in the working solution of the components, and / or the amount of working solution supplied to the cleaning zone (flow rate of the working solution), and / or its temperature, and / or pressure on the surface to be cleaned, etc.

In particular, they can carry out visual or automatic control of the thickness of the contamination removed from the area to be cleaned, and / or the thickness of the remaining contamination in that area, and / or the nature of the contamination removal (what size particles and with what intensity are separated from the contamination). They can also control the strength of the current flowing along the stream, receive and analyze the parameters reflected from the cleaned area of the mechanical waves transmitted along the stream, etc.

The change in the nature of the removal of contaminants is clearly noticeable by visual analysis of the cleaning pattern or by analyzing changes in the spatial spectrum of the luminosity of the cleaning zone (it is important that the analysis mentioned last is easily implemented on a computer).

In this regard, they can irradiate the cleaned area with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength selected from the list of ranges: 0.96 ... 1.03, 1.20 ... 1.29, 1.52 ... 1.80, 2, 10 ... 2.38, 3.32 ... 4.19, 4.49 ... 5.00, 8.01 ... 12.97 μm, and register the part of radiation reflected from this section. To do this, use a searchlight, mainly emitting in the indicated wavelength ranges (in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio).

To illuminate the cleaning zone, they can use electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 5 microns, for example, they can use a light emitting diode 115, including crystals, the working wavelengths of which lie in at least one of the above ranges with a right border of less than 5 microns. In this case, they can use electromagnetic radiation with a coherence length of more than 1 m - they can use laser diodes or specially selected crystals with a narrow emission spectrum (up to several nm).

Due to the presence in the area of the area to be cleaned of a large number of possible objects of attention, as well as the possible spatially periodic nature of spraying and spreading with strong “glare” of the working solution and its mixture with contaminants in order to minimize the likelihood of defocusing (when working in autofocus mode) or loss of contrast ( when operating in the “hard” focus mode), they can change the magnification of the registrar (the aforementioned optoelectronic system) of the reflected part of the radiation depending on the distance from the registrar about the cleaned area and / or depending on the distance from the last to the center of the field of view of the recorder, and such a change can be carried out automatically by supplying control signals from block 117 to devices of coordinated movement along the optical axis, for example, mirror 109 and photodetector 110, respectively, in the direction of the arrows ₂ and ₃ .

Cleaning can be carried out in at least two acts (in two steps), the time interval between which can exceed 2 s. Using the results of the above analysis, in one act of cleaning each of the areas to be sequentially or parallel to being cleaned, they can remove the parts of the contaminants that are set by volume, for example, switching to cleaning other areas at appropriate times, spending different time cleaning each of them. Also for this, when cleaning different sections, they can set different pressure of the jets on them, or set different profiles of their cross-section, or use oscillations or currents of different frequencies, or set different densities of the latter.

In addition to controlling the change in the nature of cleaning, they can control the composition of the working solution — the concentration of active components in it, in particular, they can control the type of TMS.

Monitoring the composition of the working solution can be carried out automatically and / or non-contact. To do this, you can use a spectrum analyzer (figure 5), which operates as follows.

из основной магистрали (на чертеже не показана) в пространство между кварцевыми призмами 104. Отраженная от рабочего раствора часть излучения, пройдя призму-куб 98, формирующую три канала (облучения, измерения и сравнения), попадает на фотоприемники 90 (пройдя конденсор 94) и 96, сигналы от которых поступают на блок 89, включающий систему предварительной обработки данных. Сравнение таких сигналов позволяет оценить спектр отражения, а анализ кружка размытия и наличия дифракционных (интерференционных) эффектов на матрице фотоприемников 96, получаемых при включении в схему объектива 101, позволяет дать первое приближение качественной и количественной оценки наличия в рабочем растворе микрочастиц.The control unit 89 enables various crystals of the light-emitting diode 100 to be switched on at different times. As a result, the irradiation spectrum of the working solution supplied at a speed changes with time

from the main line (not shown in the drawing) to the space between the quartz prisms 104. The part of the radiation reflected from the working solution, passing through the prism-cube 98, forming three channels (irradiation, measurement and comparison), enters the photodetectors 90 (passing the condenser 94) and 96, the signals from which are fed to block 89, including a data preprocessing system. A comparison of such signals allows one to estimate the reflection spectrum, and an analysis of the blur circle and the presence of diffraction (interference) effects on the photodetector array 96, obtained when the lens 101 is included in the circuit, allows us to give a first approximation of the qualitative and quantitative estimation of the presence of microparticles in the working solution.

Turning on and off the crystals of the light emitting diode 100 can be carried out sequentially and cyclically. Moreover, during each odd cycle, the state of the polarizer 97 operating in a triad with the analyzer 93 and the mirror 95 can change, making the polarizer-analyzer pair transparent. In this case, the lens will focus on the photodetectors not only the part of the radiation reflected from the working solution, but the radiation that has passed the working solution twice, which will make it possible to estimate the turbidity of the working solution, absorption coefficient, absorption and / or transmission spectrum and to clarify the characteristics of solid impurities (whose refractive index differs from the refractive index of the working solution).

During each cycle, the light emitting diode can be completely turned off. When the light-emitting diode is turned off, the analyzer-polarizer pair (not shown) of the ultraviolet lamp 99 is made transparent, as a result of which the radiation of fluorescent inclusions in the working solution excited by the lamp (the prism-cube is opaque to ultraviolet radiation) gets onto the photodetector 96.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the mentioned spectra and so on. allows us to judge the qualitative and quantitative composition of TMS, the initial solutions with the components of which included marking materials (the various components of which introduced various marking materials into it). For this, information on the electrical parameters of the working solution, which can be obtained by creating electrical circuits including probes 92, to which current is supplied by means of electrodes 91, and coated with a dielectric layer 103 of conductive films of the capacitor, to which voltage is supplied by means of electrodes 102, is also useful. Calculations allow for known currents and voltages in such circuits to determine the resistivity and permittivity of the working solution.

Cleaning is carried out in the following sequence.

From the water tank 27, through the valve 34 opened by the corresponding signal of the block 37, by the pump 36 to the block 44 located in the cleaning zone, water softened by the injection of the softener from the tank 35 through the injector 33 is pumped through the inlet 41 (hereinafter, it should be borne in mind that the injectors and the valves are controlled by block 37), while the TMS concentrate is mixed into the water, injecting it from the tank 29 through the injector 31 (the concentrate can be mixed with water due to the Magnus effect), as a result of which a working solution of the required composition is supplied to the cleaning zone, and which is monitored by the spectrum analyzer 38. If necessary, the unit 37 signals fed y _1, y _3, y ₄ performs correction solution.

In another embodiment, the TMS itself can be stored in the container 29, rather than its concentrate, then the valve 34 is not opened at the initial stages of cleaning and the working solution is obtained directly from the container 29.

The working solution enters the cleaning zone with a heated heater 39, the operation of which is controlled by block 37 to a predetermined temperature.

The operator 42, having selected the preferred cleaning mode via the keypad 43, directs the jet 26 exiting the dispenser-dispenser 32 to the vertically located contamination 30 covering the base material 28.

Washing off the contaminants and its solid insoluble particles (waste), the working solution flows down under the action of gravity, from where it is pumped through a hose 24 to a settling tank 18. Using a pump 22, the TMS mixture with “washed” contaminants is pumped from the zone in which it was cleaned to The settling tank can be carried out not only during the cleaning process, but also after it. At the same time, containers for storing and / or transporting TMS (primary or secondary, as shown in the usage drawing) or part of its components can be used as a settling tank. For this, two, three, or more chamber reservoirs can be used, one chamber of which can be used as a settling tank, and others as a reservoir for storing and / or transporting TMS, or its concentrate, or its components. So, for example, for cleaning large oil tanks, the following set of equipment is preferable - a tank truck with a trailer + a railway tank. At the same time, tanks and reservoirs 8, 10, 15, 20, 29, 35, as well as the corresponding equipment shown in the lower two third of Fig. 1, are more appropriate to be placed in a tank truck, and tank 27 - in its trailer, while tanks and reservoirs 4, 6, 9 and their corresponding equipment, shown in the upper third of FIG. 1, including the separator and sedimentator, in the railway tank.

During the aforementioned pumping, contaminants with a density lower than that of TMS can be removed from the mixture.

In the settling tank 18, a demulsifier is mixed with a mixture of contaminants and waste with a working solution in the mixer 12, coming from the tank 20 through the injector 16 (note: the demulsifier may not be mixed). To accelerate the separation of components, the resulting mixture is sparged with gas coming from the cylinder 8 through the injector 11 onto the screen 10 located in the tank-settler. Also said mixture may be aerated. In this case, the average density of contaminants now surrounded by gas bubbles decreases.

By means of the plate 1 and the plate block 2, the mixture of contaminants with waste, including the admixture of the working solution, is separated from the main mass of the working solution and falls into the trap 13, from which it is pumped to the separator 5 by the pump 3. At the same time, during the removal of contaminants, a laminar flow of this mixture is provided as well as the mixture coming from the cleaning zone, i.e. the movement of the solution in the settling tank is, as a rule, laminar in nature (if you do not take into account the usually inertial rotational movement of large particles of contamination, whose viscosity exceeds the viscosity of the working solution).

Separator 5 separates: a) large solid waste particles with their subsequent accumulation in accumulator 4, b) a working solution suitable for secondary use with its subsequent supply to a settling tank, and c) a mixture of contaminants with small solid waste particles entering sedimentator 7.

In the sedimentator, small solid waste particles are deposited, entering the accumulator 6. Purified dehydrated contaminants enter the accumulation tank 9, from which they are pumped for secondary use by the pump 14.

The working solution freed from contaminants and waste from the sump tank through a double valve 17 enters the direct channel and / or the filtration channel (not indicated in the drawing). The choice of the path of the working solution is carried out by block 37 depending on the analysis of the surface layer in the settling tank, which may involve monitoring the pH of the surface layer of the mixture in the settling tank or immediately after it, or performing a spectral analysis similar to that described above, for which between the settling tank and a double valve have a spectrum analyzer (not shown) associated with block 37.

If necessary, carry out adjustment or modification (preferably automatic) of the taken solution from the specified layer into the cleaning zone, mixing it with TMS, or with its concentrate, or with part of its components, taken (and) from the storage tank (s) and / or transportation of TMS, or its concentrate, or part of its components, in the ratio established at the specified pH control. In this case (in case of impossibility of secondary use), part of the solution coming from the settling tank, or all such solution, is passed through a filtration channel, including a mechanical filter 21, a sensor of electrical parameters of the solution 23 connected to block 37, and a chemical filter. During the passage of the solution through the filtration channel, a neutralizer (for example, a demulsifier) from the tank 15 through the injector 19 can be mixed with it.

So, from the direct channel and / or the filtration channel, the solution is supplied for secondary use, before which, if necessary, water is mixed with it, and / or TMS, or its concentrate, or the desired component.

Block 29 may function as follows (FIG. 3). The control unit 51 of the block 29 can receive a signal from the block 37, carrying information about the required qualitative and quantitative composition of the TMS. In accordance with such a signal, the unit 51 can generate and supply signals to the pump 65 and to the injectors 63, 67, 69, 71, 73, 74, etc., connected with the containers 52, 61, 59, 53, 54, 55, and 75. the main components of TMS (water, cationic surfactant, alcohol with alkoxyl groups, inorganic salt, organic salt, nonionic surfactant, etc.), determining the quantitative occurrence of each of them in the TMS semi-finished product, prepared in the channel for obtaining a mixture of the main components of TMS, including a spectrum analyzer 76, a filter 77 and an exchange capacity (not indicated in the drawing) connecting such a channel with a channel for switching on additional components.

In the exchange tank, the final mixing of the main components of the working solution can be carried out. In this case, to accelerate mixing, bubbling can be carried out using the gas coming from the cylinder 79 through the injector 78. The exchange capacity may include a defoamer 58 connected through the injector 57 to a container 56 filled with defoamer and a foam cutter 72.

The pump 80 through the injector 31 delivers the TMS to the main line (not shown). At the same time, at the stage of passing the solution from the exchange tank to the pump, additional TMS components (corrosion inhibitor, emulsifier, etc.) from containers 60, 66, and 62 through injectors 64, 68, etc. are mixed with it. Before entering the main highway, the TMS composition is monitored using a spectrum analyzer 70.

Thanks to the introduction of marking materials into some of the main and additional TMS components (see the description of examples above), the required TMS recipe is maintained due to the presence of feedback. As a result, during the cleaning process, the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the used TMS can smoothly or discretely change in time. In this case, inertialess (preferably automatic) control of the supply of TMS of various composition and / or various concentrations, as well as the inclusion of TMS in the working solution and / or its concentrate, and / or at least one of its components can be carried out.

In the cleaning process can use TMS of various compositions (Fig.7). For this, the cleaning system must include at least two independent channels for supplying various TMS, for example channel 118 and / or channels 131, in addition to the channel described above and shown in FIG.

So, for example, when cleaning a pipe, an installation can be used that includes a base 119 with inserts 120 that allow sliding or rolling along the cleaned surface 123. Communications can be connected to the base through a hose 41, and a guide for translational movement of the sprayer can be connected via a guideway of rotary motion 127 a dispenser 32 with an optical head 124 rigidly mounted on it, including an optoelectronic system with an aperture 125. The direction of movement of the dispenser-dispenser can end with a breakdown nickname 130 with attached squeezing tabs 129, including pads 128 that make up the friction pair with the base material 28.

At the same time, at least two sections can clean TMS of different composition (a different working solution can be supplied for each of the jets shown in the drawing), and they can use TMS, the composition of which differs from the composition of TMS mentioned in the examples, and each of the cleaned sections can be sequentially exposed various TMS effects, for example, during the rotational movement of the dispenser-dispenser together with its translational motion guide.

They can also set different temperatures for different jets in the range from 20 to 140 and more ° C, while one of the TMS can be used in an aggregate state different from the others (while at least one TMS must be used in a liquid aggregate state).

The movement of the dispenser-dispenser along the translational motion guide can be carried out according to the principle of an electric motor, for example a motor-wheel with a radius equal to infinity.

After cleaning the surface can remove contaminants whose density exceeds the density of TMS.

Used in the inventive composition of the substance mainly perform the following functions.

Nonionic surfactants - reduce surface tension, are foaming agents, as well as demulsifiers and stabilizers (in particular, they bind the contaminants released on the surface of TMS with a film, preventing their reverse deposition on the surface to be cleaned), reduce the corrosion effect of TMS. They are selected due to their good washing ability, which is preserved in the presence of hardness salts, etc. in wide pH ranges, it is also important that they are well destroyed by bacteria.

Cationic surfactants - allow you to get aqueous solutions of fat-soluble substances, lower surface tension, are emulsifiers, dispersants and antifoam agents, reduce the corrosive effect of TMS, prevent salt deposition on the surface to be cleaned, and exclude local accumulation of electric charge. In particular, they were chosen because of their good wetting ability due to the strong interaction with the surface of the adsorbent, for example, with bacterial cellular proteins, which allows us to consider them also as preservatives.

Water - is a universal polar solvent.

Organic salts are emulsifiers and thickeners (in particular, softeners), some of them contribute to the intensification of cleaning processes, as well as flocculation, which affects the self-cleaning of working solutions. Moreover, such salts can simultaneously perform preservative functions.

Inorganic salts - the active component of TMS - contribute to the dissolution of contaminants, some of them are hydrolyzed with the release of colloidal polysilicic acids, which increase the ability of TMS to disperse contaminants and keep them in their volume, reduce the corrosive effect of TMS, allow the cleaning process to be carried out at high pH (up to 13) , activate surfactants, soften water, increase foaming.

Alcohols with alkoxyl groups - soften the degree of influence of TMS on the material of the surface being cleaned, prevent the dissolution of contaminants, are demulsifiers, in some cases enhance the effect of other components of the composition, and contribute to the conversion of aqueous solutions of fat-soluble substances into emulsions.

Gases are preservatives, they alter the physicochemical properties of TMS, in particular density, promote the separation of contaminants, in particular gas bubbles are mainly released on the surfaces of contaminants, increasing the likelihood of surfacing of the latter, contribute to the conversion of emulsions into compositions with a multilayer structure, facilitate mixing, in particular, working solution before reuse. Gases enter the treatment zone mainly with the reuse solution.

Preservatives - extend the shelf life of TMS, protecting it from damage caused by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.). They are mainly used in TMS concentrates and / or in concentrates of their components - in a working solution their concentration is 10 .. 50 times less.

Dyes - provide TMS color coding, as well as TMS coding by transmittance at different wavelengths - make it possible to distinguish between TMS of different composition and / or concentration, provide automatic contactless control by means of technical vision of the type of TMS and the concentration of active components in it and automatic practically inertialess control by supplying TMS of various composition and various concentrations, as well as adjustment of the solution. It should be noted that, for example, a radioactive isotope can also be used as a dye, then a radiation detector should be used as a means of technical vision.

Technological substances - facilitate the production, storage and transportation of the components of the claimed composition, as well as its preparation. Such substances are mainly introduced into the composition together with its components and do not perform a special function during cleaning. As a rule, only traces of these substances are present in the working solution. Practice shows that taking into account their presence is especially necessary in terms of biodegradability of effluents. The dependent clause (hereinafter clause clause) 14 of the claims actually limits the choice of technologies for the production of components, as well as their concentrates and for the preparation of a composition or TMS concentrate, to those that do not impede the achievement of the objective of the invention.

Flavors - provide olfactory coding of TMS - allow you to distinguish between TMS of different composition and / or concentration, work in parallel with dyes, but do not duplicate them.

Corrosion inhibitors - reduce the corrosion rate, facilitate subsequent cleaning. Their protective effect is determined by the ability to change the kinetics of electrochemical reactions that cause the corrosion process.

Emulsifiers - are stabilizers that increase the stability of emulsions. In fact, these are surfactants, which, as a result of adsorption at the phase boundary, reduce the interfacial tension and form a mechanically strong adsorption film. Unlike cationic surfactants, emulsifiers contain substances that do not form aqueous solutions of fat-soluble substances.

Demulsifiers - reduce the stability of emulsions. In particular, they were chosen because of their greater surface activity than the emulsifiers used in TMS, despite the fact that they do not form a mechanically strong adsorption film.

These functions determine the relationship of the corresponding OP composition with the claimed technical result.

A feature of the claimed composition is that it has a wide complex effect on the surface being treated and contaminants (wetting, dissolving, emulsifying and demulsifying, stabilizing, protective) both in stationary and jet cleaning conditions at the time of subsequent separation of the organic and aqueous phases, not exceeding 2 ... 5 minutes. Moreover, the components used in it do not affect the suitability of oil products washed off from the surface being cleaned for reuse.

The use of OP independent claim 1 of the claims helps to improve the overall performance of TMS, in particular, it improves the reliability of the cleaning process (stability of the result), makes it possible to control the properties of TMS, regenerate it, eliminates the formation of reverse emulsions, promotes self-cleaning, repeated reuse, reduces the cost of TMS, reduce labor and energy costs during cleaning, increase the life of treatment equipment, expand the temperature range its application (let's say a range from 20 to 160 ° C), increase environmental indicators, in particular, reduce the risk of occupational diseases, lower the hazard class of TMS, eliminate harmful emissions and fumes, ensure accelerated biodegradability of effluents and return water to secondary use, expand the range of initial raw materials (use widely available materials that can be stored under normal conditions in the open air), reduce the complexity of the production of the target product - exclude time expenditures for inter-operational activities (transportation, loading, control, etc.).

Use of private OPs specified in s.p. 2..20, contributes to a more efficient achievement of the technical result given in the previous paragraph. In addition, the use of such signs can improve the efficiency, quality and degree of purification, increase the efficiency of reagent use, reduce its amount, improve the cleaning effect of TMS, increase the dirt capacity of TMS, reduce the amount of solvent, increase the anticorrosion properties of the cleaned surface, reduce the corrosion properties of TMS, improve the extraction of contaminants (increase the probability of extracting contaminants), increase the degree of separation of contaminants, increase the economic indicators of treatment, uve ichit shelf life of the finished TMS, simplify equipment maintenance process, reduce the risk of errors and deviations from the established technological regimes.

Here are some examples. The inclusion of sodium metasilicate in the composition increases the efficiency of using the reagent and increases the anticorrosive properties of the treated surfaces, which is also facilitated by the inclusion of cationic and nonionic surfactants in the composition. The latter, in turn, contribute to an increase in the degree of separation of pollution, an increase in the resource of equipment and a simplification of the process of its maintenance, and an increase in environmental indicators. The inclusion of emulsifiers and demulsifiers in the composition improves the recovery of contaminants. The sodium salt of polyacrylic acid provides the possibility of regeneration of TMS, self-cleaning of the working solution, its suitability for reuse, etc.

The boundary values given in inequalities (1) ... (8) reflect the attainability condition of the claimed technical result with a minimum time of complete cleaning in the most environmentally friendly conditions. Here, it should be emphasized that the upper boundary of inequalities (1) ... (4), (7), (8) is arbitrary from the point of view of quality and speed of cleaning. In general, when moving from the lower boundary of inequalities to the upper, the overall cleaning indicators in the sense of removing organic contaminants improve, becoming saturated. The feasibility of the specific value of the expressions indicated in the mentioned inequalities is estimated by the degree of contamination of the surfaces being cleaned, in particular by the density and hardness of the contamination, by the time of its accumulation, etc. The more contaminated the surface, the greater should be the value of the corresponding expression.

It should be noted that the use of compositions, the meaning of the above expressions for which is greater than the above upper bounds, in some cases leads to a noticeable oxidation of the surface being cleaned, and less than the lower ones to slow down the process of removing contamination.

The optimum result is achieved when using TMS of variable composition in the cleaning process, depending on the degree of purification. In particular, at the first stage of purification, the value of the expressions reflecting the concentration in the TMS of organic salt, water and surfactant, as well as inorganic salt and alcohol with alkoxyl groups - the main components of TMS (see inequalities (1) ... (4)) - should be closer to the upper border, while at the final stage to the lower.

It should also be noted here that the sequence presented in s.p. 2 ... 4 of the claims of the substances corresponds to the optimal sequence of adding substances to the TMS during the cleaning process.

The same can be said about the introduction of emulsifiers (mainly present in the first stages of purification) and demulsifiers (in the final stages) into TMS.

Based on these considerations, the distribution of the claimed OP by s.p. The simultaneous use of all those specified in paragraphs. 1 ... 20 substances in one composition is impractical - some substances are included in the working solution during the cleaning process, others are excluded from it. The exception is preservatives, colorants and / or quantum satis flavors already present in TMS concentrate and / or in the concentrate of their components.

In General, the claimed technical result obtained by the implementation of the OP composition is of a qualitative nature, as a rule, not amenable to quantification.

Inequality (5) reflects the optimal ratio of nonionic and cationic surfactants in the composition, at which acceptable foaming is achieved for high-performance equipment operation while minimizing maintenance downtime, as well as the dispersing, emulsifying and anti-corrosion (inhibiting) properties of TMS required for high-quality and quick cleaning. At the same time, high-quality cleaning should be understood as complete cleaning of the surface from contamination, and quick cleaning - the removal of contamination from the area being cleaned at a speed of at least 10 ^-4 m / s.

OP s.p. 6 allow you to choose a solvent that does not require a large concentration of preservative - when using the water specified in clause 6, a quantity of preservative of the order of 0.3 g / l or less is sufficient to ensure the safety of the bubbled concentrate TMS and / or concentrates of its components in a hermetically sealed container for several decades, and outdoors for several weeks and even months.

Using OP s.p. 7 allows to increase the cleaning rate by more than 10%.

Implementation of OP zpp 8 and 9 allows you to slightly (by a fraction of a percent) reduce the cost of production of TMS while improving transportability (reducing the rigidity of the requirements for containers, etc.) and the safety of the concentrate TMS and / or concentrates of its components (it is assumed that such concentrates are prepared on the basis of hard water, and softened water is used in the preparation of the working solution).

A decrease in TMS consumption while maintaining cleaning performance, associated with the possibility of the mentioned regeneration due to timely adjustment of the working solution (it is necessary to replenish the removal of TMS components with removable contaminants or workpieces and replenish its consumption associated with chemical reactions accompanying the removal of contaminants), the specific consumption rate of TMS concentrate is up to 0.001 kg per 1 kg of pollution or less, the regeneration of working solutions allows zit TMS consumption, at least 10 times.

The coordinated inclusion of surfactants and inhibitors in the TMS composition in accordance with the inequalities given above allows, at a low concentration of aggressive substances in working solutions, to obtain high-performance mixtures that have minimal negative impact (etching of the metal surface, increased micro roughness and deviation of the treated surface from a given profile, deterioration of the mechanical properties of the metal, such as brittleness, elastic characteristics due to sorption of hydrogen released by a metal) Washable surfaces, while ensuring their long-term (from several weeks to several months) protection against subsequent oxidation.

The use of a corrosion inhibitor (cp.16), for example, maleic and sulfomaleic acids and their ether derivatives (monoalkyl, dioxioalkyl with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl radical - one, three, four, dioxioalkyl - three), which do not have an adsorption nature and do not have negative effect on the state of the metal surface, which, in particular, allows to apply galvanic coatings on the cleaned surface without prior activation (decapitation), leads to counteraction of hydrogen formation, improves the single layer of the metal surface enhances the action of the remaining components of the composition, in particular, due to the effective dissolution of oxides and hydroxides due to the strong chelating effect of sulfomaleic acid, mobile hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl groups of the alcohol formed during the hydrolysis of monodiaalkyl ether of sulfomaleic and maleic acid at operating temperatures, π-electrons of double bonds of maleic, sulfomaleic acid and their derivatives, as well as the participation of carboxyl groups Nos maleic, sulphomaleic acid and their esters. The use of this inhibitor is advisable at the final stages of cleaning, when the surface being cleaned is already exposed - in addition to protecting the surface, such an inhibitor reduces the porosity of the surface (oxides and hydroxides are removed) and, consequently, reduces the adhesion of newly formed contaminants to it.

The inventive TMSs are fire and explosion safe, and special precautions are not required when working with them - according to the degree of exposure to the body, they are classified as moderately hazardous substances (hazard class 4). So, getting the working solution on the skin or mucous membrane of the eyes does not cause a burn, and its vapor is practically safe.

TMS may contain only one of those specified in paragraphs. 1, 2, 3, 5 substances for a specific purpose, however, to improve the washing properties, it is advisable to use their compositions. For example, the inclusion of sodium metasilicate in the composition of TMS in the vast majority of cases is best done when it includes, for example, polyphosphates and sodium tripolyphosphates. In this case, the inclusion of polyphosphate, which enhances complexation, is more advisable to carry out at the initial stages of purification, and tripolyphosphate - at the final stages (bearing in mind its inhibitory properties).

The substances indicated in paragraphs 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20 are selected due to their environmental safety in the concentrations at which they must be present in the TMS, performing the corresponding function. It is also appropriate to note here that inventions are in line with a distinctly observable global trend towards the complete exclusion of technological processes based on toxic materials.

Testing confirms that the technological processes based on the use of the claimed TMS suggest a significantly lower consumption of aggressive media and provide simple waste disposal - discharge, burning, and the claimed composition is universal, i.e. can be applied to a wide range of structural materials (to steels, non-ferrous metals, ceramics, reinforced concrete surfaces, etc., etc.).

At the same time, the claimed composition allows us to build unconditionally environmentally friendly technological processes (technological processes whose environmental safety is not related either to the operability of treatment facilities, or to the error-free operation of personnel, or to the absence of violations of technological processes, or to the threat of terrorist acts, etc.).

In relation to these goals of the inventions, it can be noted that the use of the claimed composition allows to increase the cleaning efficiency compared to the prototype by more than 1.2 times and reduce its cost by at least 10% with complete separation of contaminants within a few minutes and biodegradability of effluents within one to two weeks.

The processes used in the inventive method perform a number of “main” and “auxiliary” functions, respectively, enhancing the chemical and / or mechanical effect on the pollution or on the surface being cleaned and creating optimal conditions for cleaning (increasing the quality of cleaning and protecting the treated surface and reducing the complexity and cost of cleaning )

To enhance the effect on pollution or the surface being cleaned, they carry out:

a) the use of TMS, and / or TMS concentrate, and / or TMS components, including marking material from the above list, which allows for control of the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the working solution (see also below);

b) the use of TMS, the mass fraction of water and surfactant in which satisfy the specified condition, which improves the cleaning efficiency, the efficiency of use of the reagent;

c) the inclusion in the TMS of the specified substance or the specified composition of substances, which allows you to switch to another more appropriate at this stage of processing treatment mode (see also below);

d) maintaining the aforementioned maximum tangential (with respect to the “free” surface of contamination - located on the opposite side of the contamination surface bordering the surface being cleaned) flow rate of the working solution satisfying the specified condition, which allows the most efficient use of the reagent, to improve the washing effect, to improve general indicators;

e) simultaneous cleaning of a portion of said surface of a specified area, which allows minimizing the processing time and consumption of TMS (or its components) at the same time;

f) ensuring the difference in pressure on the contaminants of the treated and adjacent areas of the surface to be cleaned, which contributes to better penetration of the working solution deep into the contamination, a change in its dynamic viscosity, the creation of stresses in the contamination, including tangential, in particular, causing separation of the contamination;

g) the use of TMS of various composition is one of the main ideas of the invention, because it reflects the necessary condition for an integrated approach to removing contaminants and prolonged protection of the surface being cleaned from the formation of oxides and hydroxides, as well as creating on the surface to be cleaned thick-film (from a few tens to several hundred microns thick) combined (of varying thickness and, in some cases, also area) coatings (for example, galvanic) with low adhesion to the base material (metal, concrete, ceramics) and high adhesion to dirt, which can significantly reduce labor Rata the next routine cleaning, promoting cleavage of contaminants from the cleaning surface;

h) the use of at least one of the TMS in an aggregate state different from the others, which allows you to quickly soften the pollution (for example, using steam, or change its viscosity, for example, using ice fog) and take advantage of the blasting described below;

i) jet action on the treated area at the temperature of the working solution in the specified interval, which allows for forced effective convection (heat transfer) and, as a result, in particular, the required change in the relaxation time of the pollution molecules, and also contributes to local deformation of the pollution and, in some cases, shear stresses;

j) the transmission of elastic mechanical vibrations (waves) along a stream with a specified frequency, which helps to detach pollution, enhance physical adsorption and dispersion interaction between TMS molecules and pollution, and in some cases also enhance chemical bonding between them, and increase the elasticity of the shape of the stream and pollution (cause high stresses in the thickness of the pollution) and sometimes reduce the coefficient of internal friction of the pollution, create a working solution anisotropic in the direction of flow of the jet (in particular, due to I spatial uniformity of the working fluid density in the jet) to change the flow of the working solution, change the viscosity of the mixture TMS pollution;

k) a change in the frequency of transmitted mechanical vibrations, which allows you to adjust the processing mode to the type of pollution, in particular, select the frequency at which maximum dissipation of energy in the pollution is achieved (usually in the surface layer), as well as set the dispersion of the second viscosity, change the number of bonds, superimposed on the element of pollution from the layers of pollution surrounding such an element, contributes to the separation of pollution - it is known that viscous-elastic bodies in the vast majority of cases under stimulation by a high frequency ve cases behaving as solid and as liquid at low frequency (experience shows that particularly effective Hopping exposure frequency in transitions from low to high frequency);

m) setting the profile of the longitudinal section of the jet when the force of its mechanical action on the surface changes over time within the specified limits, which leads to a wedging effect (between the particles of contamination), contributes to the rapid removal of contamination from the surface being cleaned, and allows you to set the required TMS velocity field in the stream ( to achieve stationary movement of the working solution in the jet or increase the velocity pulsation), which, in particular, determines the relationship between normal and tangential stresses contamination, increase or decrease (if necessary) convective acceleration (in some cases, to achieve without vortex movement of the working solution in the jet) under conditions of sliding of the working solution on the surface to be cleaned and under the conditions of its mobility (set the time of interaction of the active component of the working solution with pollution), increase friction stress;

m) setting the profile of the cross section of the jet, ensuring the concentration of mechanical vibrations in the treated area, which helps to increase the effectiveness of mechanical vibrations, in particular by providing an increase in the density of the working solution in the treatment zone (on the contamination surface);

o) passing an electric current through the stream, the density of which lies in the specified interval, which allows the creation of the above-mentioned coatings (galvanic), in some cases prevents the evolution of hydrogen on the treated surface, helps to orient molecules of the active component of TMS or its sibotaxic regions relative to the bombarded contamination surface (especially important at high temperatures of the working solution), as well as the polarization of contamination molecules, enhances physical adsorption;

o) passing an alternating electric current through the stream, the frequency of which lies in the indicated interval, which contributes to the separation of relatively large fragments of pollution, in particular, due to its stratification, allows you to tune to the type of pollution, in some cases, select the frequency at which maximum is observed in the pollution energy dissipation;

p) simultaneous cleaning with various jets of various surface areas located at a specified distance from each other, which allows comprehensive deformation of the pollution (cause the corresponding stresses), reduce the movement of the gaseous phase above the free surface of the maximum heated jet (for example, by surrounding it with a conical jet) reduce heat loss and reduce vaporization, create in the pollution during the pulsed mode of supply of the jets of the region with excess (relative to the jets) pressure;

c) setting different temperatures of different jets in the specified interval, which contributes to the emergence of temperature stresses, allows you to control the cooling rate of pollution, and therefore, the nature of the change in its physical properties;

r) the use of TMS of different composition for processing various sections of the surface to be cleaned, as well as the impact on the various treated areas of the surface to be cleaned with successively different TMS and the cleaning of the treated area with the base TMS in several acts (tricks) with the specified time interval between them, which allows optimal conditions preparation of contaminants for washing, for washing out pollution, final cleaning and protection of the surface being cleaned;

s) the use of TMS, the composition of at least one of which differs from the composition of the base TMS (mentioned in the independent clause of the second of the claimed objects), which allows to expand the range of possible applications of the proposed method.

To reduce the complexity and cost of cleaning carry out:

a) analysis in the process of the mentioned washing of its nature, which allows you to choose and then maintain optimal cleaning modes;

b) maintaining with a given tolerance the specified controlled parameters of the cleaning mode, which allows to increase the overall cleaning performance;

c) setting during processing of various sections of the surface to be cleaned at different pressures in the jets, processing of different durations (in time), exposure to pollution by mechanical vibrations of different frequencies, applying to jets of pollution with different cross-sectional profiles through which current flows with different densities, what is necessary to remove in one act of cleaning the treated area a predetermined by volume part of the pollution present on it, at which the optimal consumption of active TMS nents and for smoothly changing the qualitative and quantitative composition of the working solution, depending on completion of the cleaning process (residual surface contamination), which allows multiple reuse of the working solution;

d) control of the current strength, reception of reflected mechanical waves, irradiation of the treated area of the surface to be cleaned with electromagnetic radiation with the specified wavelength (from the transparency windows of the droplet suspension TMS + liquid component of pollution) and registration of the portion of radiation reflected from such a section, which is necessary for visual and / or automatic control of the thickness of the contamination surface removed from the area to be cleaned and / or the thickness of the latter in such a section, and / or the nature of such removal, requires proxy for correcting the selected cleaning mode;

e) irradiation of pollution with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength less than 5 microns, which is a prerequisite when working with high current densities and / or with superheated working solutions (whose temperature is close to their boiling point or even exceeds it), or with steam;

f) irradiation of contamination with electromagnetic radiation with a coherence length of more than 1 m, which allows using Fourier analysis of speckle to carry out high-precision operational control over the effectiveness of the selected operating cleaning modes (in particular, the mentioned frequencies, profile, temperature, pressure, current density) and automatic management of the cleaning process (selection and maintenance of optimal operating conditions);

g) the change, in particular automatic, of the increase in the registrar of the reflected part of the radiation depending on the distance from the registrar to the indicated area and / or depending on the distance from the last to the center of the field of view of the recorder, which allows for a small number of elements of the photodetector matrix (for example, thermal imaging) work with a large field of view (see the whole picture of stripping) and at the same time, if necessary (with the mentioned visual or automatic control), be able to perceive in detail the details of essa cleaning (size of the removed particles of pollution, speed of their removal, etc.);

h) pumping a mixture of TMS with washed contaminants from the zone in which it was cleaned up to a settling tank, which allows, without stopping the multi-stage cleaning process, to effectively separate (obtained using a demulsifier) the liquid component of the mixture obtained by treatment with a TMS complex working solution with contaminants for waste (usually solid microparticles of inorganic origin) and parts intended for secondary use, firstly, of the pollution itself (for example, Azuth), and, secondly, the working solution;

i) the use as a settling tank of a container for storing and / or transporting TMS (primary or, as a rule, secondary use) or a part of its components, which minimizes the number of working tanks used during cleaning;

j) removal (usually continuous) during the aforementioned pumping of contaminants from the specified mixture, the density of which is lower than the density of TMS (“light” inclusions), as well as setting the laminar flow of the specified mixture during such removal and its bubbling or aeration in the settling tank, which allows to simplify the process of cleaning the mixture of TMS with contaminants from extraneous (in relation to the working solution) impurities and inclusions;

k) pH control (for example, by titration) of the surface (upper third) layer of the specified mixture in the settling tank, adjustment (pH should be 9 ... 12), in particular automatic, of the solution taken from the specified layer into the said zone, mixing of such a solution with TMS, or with its concentrate, or with a part of its components taken (and) from the container (s) for storing and / or transporting TMS, or its concentrate, or part of its components, in the ratio established at the specified pH control that allows you to restore the slave petitiveness working solution to be used again, and also change the composition of TMS depending on the cleaning mode;

m) the use of at least a two-chamber tank (one chamber is a settling tank, and the other is a container for storing and / or transporting TMS, or its concentrate, or its components), which allows the construction of universal mobile equipment for the preparation of TMS compositions and the regeneration of working solutions ;

m) removal of contaminants whose density exceeds the density of TMS, after cleaning the surface - removal of solid particles of contamination by pumping the entire path of recirculation of the working solution and used working containers with water under pressure in order to wash the waste to be disposed of (for example, burning), this procedure from Resource-saving considerations can only be performed after cleaning is complete;

n) the change in time of the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the TMS used to treat the surface to be cleaned, which allows the use of a working solution of the optimal composition for this stage of cleaning and / or protection of the surface to be cleaned (see also the above for the purpose of the components of the claimed composition and the relationship of its OD with the claimed technical result in the aspect of the advisability of choosing the sequence of use of the components);

o) control, including non-contact and / or automatic, for example, using a spectrum analyzer (control can also be used using a radiation detector, etc.) the type of TMS and / or the concentration of active components in it, which allows you to adjust the ratio of TMS components in working solution, for example, during an operational change in their composition or during their regeneration, as well as to reduce the likelihood of errors and deviations from established technological regimes;

p) inertialess (the response time of systems is calculated in fractions of a second), including automatic control of the supply of TMS of different composition and / or different concentration, which allows you to smoothly or discretely change the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of working solutions while maintaining optimal cleaning conditions;

c) control of the inclusion of TMS and / or its concentrate and / or at least one of its components in the working solution, which allows changing the composition of working solutions over a wide range.

The above separation is not strict - a number of processes serve mixed functions.

These functions determine the relationship of the corresponding OP method with the claimed technical result.

The use of OP independent claim 2 of the claims allows to improve overall performance, improve the quality and degree of cleaning, anticorrosion properties of the treated surface, reduce the corrosion properties of the working solution, increase the reliability of the cleaning process, the efficiency of use of the reagent, provides the ability to control the properties of the washing solution, reduces labor and energy costs, as well as the cost of cleaning, expand the range of raw materials.

Use of private OPs specified in s.p. the second claimed object, contributes to a more efficient achievement of the technical result given in the previous paragraph. In addition, the use of such signs can improve the washing action of the working solution, improve the extractability of contaminants, provide the possibility of regeneration of the working solution, simplify the process, increase the service life of the equipment and simplify the process of its maintenance, reduce the risk of occupational diseases, eliminate or at least reduce harmful emissions and vapors, reduce the risk of errors and deviations from the established technological regimes, exclude the preparation thieves spend time on interoperational activities, increase the efficiency of separation of components in the effluent, ensure high-quality separation, increase the system’s speed when switching to different operating modes, ensure continuous removal of sludge and working solution, reduce the humidity of contaminants to be removed, provide the possibility of preparing contaminants for disposal, the possibility of reuse of its parts, to reduce the risk of contaminants entering the earth or water, to ensure the possibility of complete mechanization of cleansing.

So, for example, the implementation of OP s.p. as reflected in the technical result:

- s.p. 22 regarding the use of marking materials, as well as s.p. 57, 62 and their subordinate s.p.p. 58, 63 ... 68, concerning the control of the composition of working solutions and changes in it, allows you to control the composition (and therefore the properties) of the working solution, bringing it closer to the optimum, resulting in more than 10% reagent savings (here and further compared to traditional approaches based on the use of a specific TMS at a certain concentration of its components in the working solution during the execution of each of the cleaning procedures separately: during preparation for washing, during washing and during eye initial cleaning - when testing the prototype for a number of components, for example, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, soda ash, savings of 85, 52 and 37%, respectively) were confirmed), and also allows you to mechanize cleaning and automate the selection of optimal compositions of working solutions, eliminating the risk of deviations from established technological regimes and minimizing the negative impact of the working solution on the surface being cleaned, maintenance personnel, the environment (in working solutions, mainly there are only active components designed to perform specific functions, while substances that block the negative effects of active components are usually not included in the working solution, since each time the working solution is used only at such a stage of purification, in which the negative effects of its constituents components can be neglected), to ensure timely regeneration of the working solution, to eliminate the time spent on interoperational measures in the preparation of working solutions , in particular, completely eliminate the time spent on sampling and analysis of samples, as well as increase by more than 50% the speed of automatic and semi-automatic cleaning systems when switching to different operating modes;

- s.p. 23 and subordinate z.p. 24, as well as s.p. 34 ... 36, 61, concerning the use of TMS of various composition, allows more than 1.2 times to increase the efficiency of reagent use, improve the washing effect (each composition is used precisely in those cases to which it is oriented), significantly improve the quality and the degree of cleaning, as well as the anticorrosion properties of the treated surface while reducing labor intensity by more than 1.5 times, and energy consumption - by more than 1.2 times (with a reduction in cost of more than 10%), increase the equipment resource by more than 5% ( it is remarkable that In particular, from the point of view of cleaning efficiency (cleaning speed) and minimizing the consumption of components, it is advisable to break down a specific cleaning step, for example, such as final cleaning, into several (2 ... 7) sub-steps and use at each of them a working solution of the original composition, which, in in particular, it allows to solve the problem of compatibility of reagents even if the spent solution is drained into the same container from which the solution is taken for secondary use);

- s.p. 25 ... 33, concerning the indicated effects on contaminations and the surface being cleaned, allows you to automate the process of choosing the optimal processing conditions (in particular, due to feedback - response to effects), as well as increase efficiency by 1.5 ... 2 or more times purification (including by increasing the washing activity of the working solution) while reducing the moisture content of the removed contaminants, which expands the possibilities of recycling not less than 95% of the latter (the rest of the washed contaminants are mainly inorganic compounds - recycling subjected to be carried);

- s.p. 37 ... 43, concerning the stage-by-stage (sequence) of surface treatment, taking into account the peculiarities of the contamination of different areas, can improve the cleaning efficiency of 1.1 ... 1.3 times or more, use the optimal processing conditions when expanding the range of raw materials for cooking workers solutions and minimize the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the working solution (first, the first layer of contamination, approximately the same thickness, is removed from the entire surface to be cleaned, then the second layer, etc., as a rule, when Alenia of each new layer uses a working solution with a lower content of active components, which is in good agreement with a decrease in the content of active components in the solution, which is recycled from the settling tank);

- s.p. 44 ... 46, concerning the monitoring of changes in the nature of cleaning, allows you to use non-contact control methods, fully mechanize and automate the cleaning process, as well as the process of selecting optimal cleaning modes, simplify the process and equipment maintenance process, increase the reliability of the cleaning process, reduce qualification requirements for staff and reduce its number;

- s.p. 47 and subordinate to him s.p.p. 48 ... 51, concerning the design and parameters of the optoelectronic system used as a source of information about the nature of the cleaning, it allows you to build an inexpensive surveillance system (about 5 times cheaper than the analogous system known from the prior art that does not have these functions, with the characteristics below), including adapted to machine image processing with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 10/1 in normal and 1000/1 in stroboscopic (with matched filtering) modes, with a maximum field of view of up to 6 0 ° with the number of elements of the photodetector 32 · 16 and the maximum angular resolution (with maximum focus) of the order of 10 'with the possibility of software (computer) restoration of the image, which improves the resolution by 10 ... 30 times;

- s.p. 52 and his subordinate z.p. 53, as well as s.p. 59, concerning the construction of a mobile treatment plant, it practically eliminates the risk of contaminants entering the ground or water, limiting the fleet of vehicles used for cleaning equipment with a multi-chamber tank and attached equipment and / or a railway multi-chamber tank;

- s.p. 54 and his subordinates s.p.p. 55, 56, concerning the removal of “light” contaminants, it allows you to continuously remove contaminants in order to separate part suitable for reuse, to achieve high-quality separation, to increase the recoverability of contaminants (to increase the probability of contamination extraction to almost 100% with a high degree of purity of washed hydrocarbons: the water content is not more than 5%, mixing with a pure product in the ratio of 1: 2 ... 1: 1 is recommended);

- s.p. 57 and his subordinate z.p. 58, concerning the adjustment of the working solution, allows for more than twenty-fold reuse of the working solution, as well as the return of water for secondary use (after cleaning, again into the cycle);

- s.p. 60, concerning the removal of “heavy” contaminants, makes it possible to prepare contaminants for disposal (almost 100% of waste), to increase the efficiency of separation of components in the effluent (it is important that pumping is carried out with water without additives, for example, the mentioned water returned for secondary use).

The rest of the claimed technical result obtained as a result of the implementation of the OP method is of a qualitative nature, as a rule, not amenable to quantitative assessment.

In conclusion, we consider some OP independent p. 21.

For the mentioned washing, TMS is used, the mass fractions of these compounds in which satisfy condition (9), while the equality of the expression indicated on the left is 2.5. The smallest permissible value of this expression (1.25) corresponds to the initial stage of cleaning, while the largest (3.75) corresponds to the final stage, for example, preceding the implementation of measures to protect the surface being cleaned from corrosion.

During cleaning, maintain the value of the maximum tangential flow rate of the working solution relative to the contamination (flow rate of the TMS contamination flow) in accordance with condition (10). From (10), in particular, it follows that the optimal value of the mentioned velocity corresponds to a displacement per 1 s of the particles of the working solution stream relative to the pollution by a distance equal to the thickness of the stream above the pollution (we are talking about the movement of free layers). In this case, the orientation of the surface being cleaned in space (its vertical or horizontal) does not matter. If the speed is less than optimal, then there is a decrease in cleaning efficiency, and if more, a decrease in the efficiency of use of TMS components.

The identifiability of the trait associated with the aforementioned speed during the laminar flow of the working solution with respect to contamination is not in doubt (by the mentioned area in this flow it should be understood the area of the entire contamination surface covered with a layer of TMS of a fixed thickness of more than 5 mm). Let us clarify what is meant with turbulent motion, in particular with jet processing modes.

Turbulent movement (here, also by the mentioned area, we should understand the area of the entire surface of the pollution covered with a layer of TMS of a fixed thickness). If the flow rate of the working solution is known - the average (for example, smoothing flow fluctuations associated with a change in the profile of the longitudinal section of the jet) the amount of TMS in m ³ delivered within 1 s to the cleaning zone, as well as the minimum cross-sectional area of the TMS flow covering the pollution, then the mentioned speed can be approximately considered equal to the ratio of the first to the second.

Laminar and turbulent flows of TMS relative to pollution are mainly used when removing bottom sediments.

Inkjet mode. If the aforementioned flow rate is known, as well as the perimeter of the spot, within which the jet hits the surface to be cleaned (item 47 of FIG. 2) and the thickness of the working solution flow at a certain distance (10 ... 20 mm) from this spot, then the mentioned speed can be calculate as follows

where l is the mentioned perimeter (m),

R is the aforementioned flow rate (m ³ / s),

π is the number “pi",

the rest - see above.

The study of condition (10) allows, in particular, to predict the expected cleaning time depending on the thickness of the pollution

where t is the aforementioned time (s),

N - weighted average thickness of pollution (m),

Δ ₃ - tolerance, reflecting the deviation of the selected cleaning modes from optimal, which can be found as follows

where Δ N is the error in determining the thickness of the pollution (or its dispersion),

Δ ω is the error in determining the mass fraction in the working water solution

in approximate calculations, Δ ₃ can be taken equal to three, the rest - see above.

Ensuring the simultaneous cleaning of a portion of the mentioned surface, the area of which satisfies condition (11), allows you to choose the most rational cleaning parameters from the point of view of efficient use of the active components of TMS. If the mentioned area is less than optimal (taking into account the tolerance determined by the indicated range of parameter F), then there will be an inefficient use of TMS components, and if it is more, there will be a decrease in cleaning efficiency.

Testing confirms that the technological processes based on the application of the proposed method, suggest a significantly lower consumption of reagents at high speed and quality of cleaning. At the same time, this method allows you to build universal, mobile equipment, which can be used to clean from pollution of various origins of parts and assemblies made of various materials, as well as various industrial facilities.

In relation to these goals of the inventions, it can be noted that the application of the proposed method improves the cleaning efficiency by 2 ... 3 times while reducing its cost by 1,5 ... 2 times or more. The simultaneous use of the claimed composition and method allows to increase the cleaning efficiency by more than 3 times with integrated automation of the cleaning process.

Claims (68)

1. Composition for cleaning the surface from contaminants of organic and inorganic origin, including organic and inorganic compounds, moreover, as organic compounds, it includes nonionic and cationic surfactants, and as inorganic - water, characterized in that as organic compounds, it additionally includes a salt that does not exhibit pronounced surface-active properties, selected from the list: sodium, potassium or calcium gluconate, sodium glycium salt a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (ester-modified), sodium benzoate, sodium oleate, or a mixture of salts comprising at least one salt of the above, wherein the weight fractions of said compounds satisfy the condition

where ω _OS - mass fraction of organic salt or a mixture of organic salts; ω is the mass fraction of water; ω _surfactant - mass fraction of surfactant. 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, as an inorganic compound, it further includes a salt selected from the list: sodium, potassium or calcium metasilicate, phosphate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, silicate, tripolyphosphate, hexametaphosphate, sodium sulfate, or a mixture of salts containing at least one salt of the above, while the mass fraction of these compounds satisfy the condition

where ω _ns is the mass fraction in TMS of an inorganic salt or a mixture of inorganic salts. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, as an organic compound, it further includes an alcohol with alkoxyl groups not exhibiting pronounced surface-active properties, selected from the list: diglycol butyl ether, butyldiglycol, or a mixture of such alcohols containing at least one alcohol of the above, while the mass fraction of these compounds satisfy the condition

where ω _e is the mass fraction in TMS of alcohol or a mixture of alcohols. 4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of these compounds satisfy the condition

5. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as a nonionic surfactant it contains a compound from the list: syntanol, neonol, a block of a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene glycol derivatives of ethylene diamine or ethylene diamide, ethoxylated alcohol, or an arbitrary mixture of such compounds, and as a cationic surfactant, it contains a compound from the list: triethanolamine, tetrasodium sulfoamine sulfonate, compounds of pyridine, quinoline, phthalazine, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, morpholine, thiamor Ohlin, piperidine, benzoxazine, tocopherol polyethylene glycol ether or an arbitrary mixture of such compounds, wherein the mass proportion of non-ionic and cationic surfactants satisfy the condition

where ω _n is the mass fraction of nonionic surfactant or a mixture of such surfactants; ω _to - mass fraction of cationic surfactants or mixtures of such surfactants. 6. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the quality of water it includes natural water with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 60 mg / L. 7. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes deionized softened purified, chemically prepared water for primary or secondary use with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 30 mg / l and a specific conductivity of not more than 10 ^-5 Ohm ^-1 · m ^-1 containing less than 0.2 mg / l of soluble salts of calcium and magnesium and less than 30 mg / l of suspended solids. 8. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a mixture of softened water and hard water (the content of hardness salts is more than 2 mg / l) as water, while the mass fractions of softened water and hard water satisfy the condition

where ω _y is the mass fraction of softened water; ω _W - mass fraction of hard water. 9. The composition of claim 8, characterized in that as hard water it includes artificially mineralized water for primary or secondary use with a biochemical oxygen demand of less than 60 mg / L. 10. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes propellant gases or sparging gases selected from the list: argon, helium, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide or an arbitrary mixture of such gases, air. 11. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made non-carbonated, or slightly carbonated, or medium carbonated, or highly carbonated, for which it includes the said gases in terms of the equivalent mass fraction of carbon dioxide, respectively, less than 0.20% or from 0.20 up to 0.30%, or from 0.30 to 0.40% or more than 0.40%. 12. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a preservative selected from the list: sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, calcium sorbate, benzoic acid, potassium benzoate, calcium benzoate, sodium sulfite, sodium acid sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite Calcium sulfite, calcium sulphate, potassium sulphate or other sorbate, benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate or sulphite. 13. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a dye selected from the list: Amaranth, Erythrosine, Annato, Bixin, Norbixin, Curcumin, Tartrazine, Quinoline yellow, Yellow "Sunset" FCF, Orange yellow S, Cochineal, Carmic acid, Carmine, Azorubine, Carmozine, Ponso 4R, Red cochineal A, Red charming AC, Blue patent V, Indigotine, Indigo carmine, Blue shiny FCF, Green S, Black shiny BN, Black PN, Brown NT, Lycopene, Ethyl ether ( -apocarotinic-8'acids); Lutein or any composition of such substances. 14. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes technological substances selected from the list; fumaric acid, phosphoric acid, triphosphates, polyoxyethylene stearate, methavinic acid, propane-1,2-diol alginate, Karaya gum, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, wood resin glycerol ethers, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, calcium stearyl 2-lactyl oxylate, dimethyl carbonyl dimethyl, dimethyl calcium salts, acetic acid, potassium acetate, sodium acetates, calcium acetate, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, esters of ascorbic acid fatty acids, a mixture of tocopherols, lecithins, sodium lactate, cal lactate oia, calcium lactate, sodium citrates, potassium citrates, calcium citrates, sodium tartrates, potassium tartrates, potassium sodium tartrate, sodium maleates, potassium maleates, calcium maleates, calcium tartrate, triammonium citrate, alginic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, alginate ammonium, calcium alginate, carrageenans, locust bean gum, guar gum, tragacaitum, gum arabic, xanthan gum, tare gum, gellan gum, glycerin, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, magnesium salts of fatty acids, mono-fatty acids slot, esters of glycerol, acetic and fatty acids, esters of glycerol and fatty acids, esters of mono- and diglycerides, as well as fatty acids, sodium carbonates, potassium carbonates, ammonium carbonates, magnesium carbonates, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride , sulfuric acid, potassium sulfates, calcium sulfates, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, fatty acids, gluconic acid, glucono-delta-lactone, polydextrose. 15. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes flavorings selected from the list: quinine, gentian, aromatic herbs, spices, agaric acid; aloin; beta asaron; berberine; coumarin; hydrocyanic acid; hypericin; bulletproof; quassin; safrole and isosafrol; santonin; alpha and beta thujone, or a composition of such substances. 16. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes corrosion inhibitors selected from the list: substances based on propylene glycol, based on calcium chloride, based on ethanolamine, formalin and isononylphenol, a mixture of phosphoric acid, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, a solution of amines and special additives, a liquid based on organophosphorus compounds (phosphones), 4-hydroxy-3-hydroxyethylaminomethyl, maleic and sulfomaleic acids, ether derivatives of the latter or a mixture of corrosion inhibitors containing at least one corrosion inhibitor of the listed. 17. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of these compounds satisfy the condition

where ω _u is the mass fraction of a corrosion inhibitor or a mixture of corrosion inhibitors. 18. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes emulsifiers selected from the list: trichlorethylene, methyl stearate, polyvinyl alcohol or a mixture of emulsifiers containing at least one of the listed emulsifiers. 19. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of these compounds satisfy the condition

where ω _em is the mass fraction of emulsifier or mixture of emulsifiers. 20. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes demulsifiers selected from the list: a solution of an organosilicon block copolymer in a mixture of methanol and water, a solution of a composition of polyethers and an organosilicon block copolymer in a mixture of methanol and water. 21. A method of cleaning the surface from contaminants of organic and inorganic origin, which consists in rinsing the surface to be cleaned with a technical detergent (TMS), including organic and inorganic compounds, and it includes surface-active substances (SAS) as organic compounds, and as inorganic - water, characterized in that for the mentioned washing and disinfection using TMS, the mass fraction of these compounds in which satisfy the condition

where ω is the mass fraction of water; ω _surfactant - mass fraction of surfactant; Δ ₁ - tolerance numerically equal to 1.25, during the washing and disinfection mentioned above, its nature is analyzed and controlled parameters of the cleaning regime are maintained with a given tolerance, such as, for example, the quantities of components entering the working solution and / or the amount of working solution supplied to the cleaning zone and / or its temperature, and / or pressure on the surface to be cleaned, this includes a substance from the list: organic salt, inorganic salt, alkali, alcohol with alkoxyl groups, corrosion inhibitor, emulsifier, demulsifier or composition composed of their substances or including at least one of them, and also provide a) the maximum tangential (with respect to the "free" surface of the contamination) flow rate of the working solution at a distance exceeding 10% of the thickness of the stream, satisfying the condition

where ν is the mentioned velocity (m / s); Δ _t is the coefficient (Δ _t = 1 s); h is said thickness (m); Δ ₂ - tolerance numerically equal to 2; and b) simultaneous cleaning of a portion of said surface whose area satisfies the condition

where ρ is the maximum pressure, additional to atmospheric pressure, averaged over an area of 10 ^-4 m ² , provided by the working solution to at least one fragment of the mentioned section (10 ³ Pa ≤ ρ ≤ 2 · 10 ⁷ Pa); S is the area of the mentioned section (and such that the working solution is supplied to any of its fragments with a pressure exceeding 25% of the pressure ρ); T is the absolute temperature of the working solution supplied to the treatment zone (290 K ≤ T ≤ 480 K); F is a parameter such that (5 · 10 ⁴ N ≤ F ≤ 6.5 · 10 ⁷ N); Δ _T - coefficient (Δ _T = 1 K). 22. The method according to item 21, characterized in that the use of marking material from the list: dyes, radioactive isotopes, abrasive microparticles, microparticles reflecting, scattering and absorbing electromagnetic radiation, luminescent materials, fluorescent materials or a mixture of such materials, or a mixture including at least one of them. 23. The method according to item 21, characterized in that in the process of cleaning said surface using TMS of various compositions. 24. The method according to item 21, wherein the composition is used in a liquid state of aggregation. 25. The method according to item 21, wherein at least one stream of said composition is directed to said area, the temperature of which lies in the range from 20 to 70 ° C. 26. The method according to item 21, wherein the above-mentioned stream transmit elastic mechanical vibrations (waves), the frequency of which lies in the range from 5 to 10 ¹³ Hz. 27. The method according to item 21, wherein the frequency of said oscillations is changed. 28. The method according to item 21, characterized in that they provide a predetermined profile of the longitudinal section of the jet, while varying in time the strength of its mechanical impact on the surface in the range from 3 · 10 ^-1 to 3 · 10 ⁵ N. 29. The method according to item 21, characterized in that set the profile of the cross section of the jet, providing a concentration of the above oscillations in the specified area. 30. The method according to item 21, wherein the electric current is passed through said stream, the density of which lies in the range from 10 ^-2 to 10 ⁶ A / m. 31. The method according to item 21, wherein the alternating electric current is passed, the frequency of which lies in the range from 3 to 100 Hz. 32. The method according to item 21, characterized in that at the same time with different jets they clean various parts of the said surface located at a distance from each other exceeding the minimum longitudinal size of any of them. 33. The method according to item 21, characterized in that they set a different temperature of various jets in the range from 20 to 140 ° C. 34. The method according to item 21, wherein at least two of the various sections mentioned are cleaned with a composition of various compositions. 35. The method according to item 21, wherein the composition is used, the composition of at least one of which is different from the composition mentioned in item 21. 36. The method according to item 21, characterized in that each of the cleaned areas of the said surface is sequentially exposed to various compositions. 37. The method according to item 21, characterized in that the cleaning of the specified area mentioned in paragraph 21 of the composition is carried out in at least two steps, the time interval between which exceeds 2 s. 38. The method according to item 21, wherein in one step of cleaning the specified area remove the specified volume of part of the contamination on it. 39. The method according to p. 21, characterized in that when cleaning various sections of said surface, a different pressure of said stream is set on said section. 40. The method according to item 21, characterized in that it takes different time to clean various sections of said surface. 41. The method according to item 21, characterized in that when cleaning various sections of the said surface using the above-mentioned fluctuations of different frequencies. 42. The method according to item 21, wherein when cleaning various sections of said surface, various profiles of said jet cross section are defined. 43. The method according to item 21, wherein when cleaning various sections of said surface, a different density of said current is set. 44. The method according to item 21, characterized in that carry out visual or automatic control of the thickness removed from the specified area of contamination and / or the thickness of the latter in the specified area and / or the nature of such removal. 45. The method according to item 21, characterized in that they control the strength of said current. 46. The method according to item 21, characterized in that they receive the reflected waves mentioned in item 26. 47. The method according to item 21, wherein the specified area is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength selected from the list of ranges: 0.96 ... 1.03, 1.20 ... 1.29, 1.52. .. 1.80, 2.10 ... 2.38, 3.32 ... 4.19, 4.49 ... 5.00, 8.01 ... 12.97 μm, and the reflected is recorded from this section is part of the specified radiation. 48. The method according to item 21, wherein the use of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 5 microns. 49. The method according to item 21, wherein the use of electromagnetic radiation with a coherence length of more than 1 m 50. The method according to item 21, characterized in that the magnification of the registrar of said reflected part of said radiation is changed depending on the distance from said registrar to said section and / or depending on the distance from the latter to the center of the registrar's field of view. 51. The method according to item 21, wherein the said change in magnification is carried out automatically. 52. The method according to item 21, wherein in the process of cleaning said surface or after it, the mixture of the composition with washed contaminants is pumped from the zone in which the cleaning was carried out to a settling tank. 53. The method according to item 21, wherein the capacity for said settling tank is used to store and / or transport the composition or part of its components. 54. The method according to item 21, characterized in that in the process of the aforementioned pumping remove contaminants from the specified mixture, the density of which is lower than the density of the composition. 55. The method according to item 21, characterized in that during the removal of the contaminants mentioned in paragraph 54, a laminar flow of the mixture is provided. 56. The method according to item 21, characterized in that in the said tank-settler carry out sparging or aeration of the specified mixture of the composition with washed dirt. 57. The method according to item 21, characterized in that they control the pH of the surface layer of the specified mixture in the said settling tank and, if necessary, carry out the adjustment of the solution taken from the specified layer into the said zone, while mixing it with the composition or with its concentrate, or with a part of its components taken (and) from the container (s) for storing and / or transporting the composition or its concentrate, or part of its components, in the ratio established at the specified pH control. 58. The method according to item 21, wherein the said correction of the solution is carried out automatically. 59. The method according to item 21, characterized in that at least a two-chamber tank is used, one chamber of which is used as a settling tank, and the other as containers for storing and / or transporting the composition or its concentrate or its components. 60. The method according to item 21, characterized in that after cleaning said surface, contaminants whose density exceeds the density of the composition are removed. 61. The method according to item 21, characterized in that the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the composition used for processing areas of the surface to be cleaned changes over time. 62. The method according to item 21, characterized in that they control the type of composition used to treat areas of the surface to be cleaned, and / or the concentration of active components in such a composition. 63. The method according to item 21, wherein the said control is carried out automatically. 64. The method according to item 21, wherein the said control is carried out contactlessly. 65. The method according to item 21, characterized in that when the mentioned control using a spectrum analyzer. 66. The method according to item 21, wherein the inertialess control of the supply of TMS of various composition and / or various concentrations. 67. The method according to item 21, wherein the said control is carried out automatically. 68. The method according to item 21, characterized in that they control the inclusion in the working solution of the composition and / or its concentrate, and / or at least one of its components.

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