RU2240476C2 - Explosion-shielding device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: civil defense structures such as hardened and blast ones.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device designed for installation in air intake and draft ducts of shielding structures has supporting frame with flange made in the form of supporting grid with spring-loaded blades hinged thereto at angle such as 45 deg, and frame holding them at this angle. Contours of spring-loaded blades are shaped so that when mating in closed position, they form labyrinth passages. Length of labyrinth passage amounts to 0.10 - 0.25 of blade width, that is L = (0.10 - 0.25) B, where L is labyrinth passage length; B is blade width.

EFFECT: reduced action of shock wave.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of protective structures of civil defense in order to prevent the penetration of a shock wave of a nuclear explosion through them, more specifically relates to the design of anti-explosive devices intended for their installation in the air intake and exhaust channels of protective structures.

The prior art anti-explosive devices, see "Instructions for installation and operation of anti-explosive devices UZS-8, UZS-25 and UZS-50", Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow, 1979

Taking into account the development of progress and the use of modern technologies for designing and creating the latest equipment in any branch of technology, more stringent requirements of the Ministry of Defense for the design and operation of anti-explosive devices, the world relevance of this problem, the above models of anti-explosive devices are selected as a prototype of the claimed device, which today must be improved and meet the international standard.

Known anti-explosive devices (USS) are assembled from unified protective sections mounted on supporting frames.

The unified section (see Fig. 1 of the Instructions ...) is a rectangular frame made of corners 80 × 50 × 5 mm, with a lattice welded into it. By means of hinges and axes, twelve spring-loaded duralumin blades 2 mm thick are attached to the grate. The blades are held by springs and a movable frame at an angle of 45 ° to the grate.

The UZS-8 anti-explosive device (see Fig. 2 of the Instructions ...) consists of a section and a support frame, hinged together using special bolts. For mounting the UZS-8 in the frame there are four holes for anchor bolts with a diameter of 16 mm.

The UZS-25 anti-explosive device (see. Fig. 3 Instructions ...) consists of a frame, a door frame and three sections mounted on it.

The supporting and door frames are interconnected by hinges and two locks. Hinges and locks allow adjustment of the density of the pushed door frame to the support frame, between which there are rubber gaskets. In order to ensure sealing between the sections and the door frame, paronite gaskets are laid. For mounting the UZS-25 in the support frame there are eight holes for anchor bolts with a diameter of 16 mm.

The UZS-50 anti-explosive device (see Fig. 4 Instructions ...) consists of a support frame with two struts, one door frame, three sections mounted on the door frame, and three sections mounted on the support frame. The door frame is connected to the support frame by hinges and two locks. Hinges and locks allow adjustment of the preload density of the door frame, between which there is a rubber gasket. Paronite gaskets are laid between the sections and the door frame. For fastening the UZS-50 in the support frame there are twelve holes for anchor bolts with a diameter of 24 mm.

Under the action of a shock wave, spring-loaded duralumin blades rotate on the axes and for a certain time overlap the living section of the support grilles (ventilation ducts). For anti-explosive devices, a small part of the shock wave slips with the duration and pressure, which today do not meet the standards established by the Ministry of Defense.

Installation and installation of known anti-explosive devices is as follows.

Explosive devices UZS-8, UZS-25 and UZS-50 can be installed in the air intake and exhaust ventilation vertical or horizontal channels (see. Fig. 5 Instructions ...).

When mounted in horizontal channels, explosion-proof devices can block the channel or be placed in its side wall.

The unified protective section (see Fig. 1 of the Instructions ...) can be installed without a support frame if it is not necessary to open it. In this case, the section is bolted to the structures of the structure.

In relation to the requirements set forth in the “Instructions for the installation and operation of anti-explosive devices”, before installing the anti-explosive devices, it is necessary:

- check and, if necessary, adjust the straining forces of the spring-loaded blades;

- check the operability of locking devices;

- ensure the fastening of the UZS-8, UZS-25 and UZS-50 anti-explosive devices in the air intake or exhaust ventilation ducts to the support base with anchor bolts;

- to ensure the tightness of the connection between the base and the frame of the anti-explosion device, for which a rubber gasket is installed;

- door frames of anti-explosive devices, as a rule, open to the left side. If, according to the installation conditions, it is necessary to ensure that the door frame is opened to the right side, then the anti-explosive device should be rotated 180 °, remove the sections and install them with the blades down.

The operation of known anti-explosive devices is as follows.

Before starting the operation of anti-explosive devices check:

- angle of inclination of the blades;

- efforts stragging spring-loaded blades:

- tightness of the fit of the door frame to the supporting frame;

- tightness of the abutment of the support frame to the base;

- the degree of tightening of the anchor bolts.

After that, the blades of the sections are installed at an angle of 45 ° to the support grid. The angle of inclination of the blades is set by moving the movable frame with the help of two adjusting screws, which are unscrewed to the stop of the movable frame in the limiter (with good condition and the correct location of the stop).

During operation of anti-explosive devices, the blade springs can reduce their elasticity. In this case, the blades will close at an air flow rate less than the normal value. To eliminate this, remove the section from the anti-explosive device, and then remove the movable grid, the plate holding the axes of the blades from the section, remove the axes and blades with springs. After that, stretch the springs, put all the parts in place and again check the force of breaking of each blade.

Slicing of the blades installed at an angle of 45 ° to the support grid should occur from a load of 1.1-1.2 kg, placed on the edge of the blade.

The base frames of the anti-explosive devices must be sealed against the base. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically check the serviceability of the sealing gaskets between the base and the support frames and the degree of tightening of the nuts on the anchor bolts.

The door frames of the anti-explosive devices in the closed position must be sealed against the support frame. If the door frame does not fit snugly on the support frame or closes, the hinge devices must be adjusted using nuts by tightening or loosening them. Defective gaskets on the door frame must be repaired or replaced.

Explosive devices with open door frames must provide an emergency exit from the structure. Moreover:

- in anti-explosion devices when ventilation is turned off, icing may occur due to overflow of moist air from the structure. Therefore, to protect them from freezing, all hermetic valves (with idle ventilation) must be closed;

- in order to protect against freezing, anti-explosive devices in the exhaust ducts should be installed in places where the air temperature will not be below 0 ° C;

- transportation and storage of anti-explosive devices in warehouses is allowed only with open blades. Stacking of anti-explosive devices is allowed with the laying of wooden beams between them, ensuring the open position of the blades.

The disadvantages of the known devices are the low tightness of the locking member in the closed state, the increased locking time of the locking member, which is associated with the increased path of the locking member and the missing traces of the shock wave, and with them the infection products, after its direct impact on the locking member.

The main drawback of these measures necessary for the stable operation of known anti-explosive devices is that the model of the known device today, in the age of technological progress, is outdated, requires improved design, and the creation of a competitive explosive device in the domestic and foreign markets with world-class performance standards, and naturally meet the requirements of the Ministry of Defense.

The basis of the invention the task is to eliminate these disadvantages in the prototype by creating a unique design, the operation of which allowed to provide:

- reducing the impact on the human body of shock wave factors by reducing the exposure time when closing the shut-off organ, namely by reducing the time of overlapping the living section of the passage opening of the support grilles (ventilation channels), and to ensure maximum tightness in the closed state,

- as well as reducing the impact of traces of the shock wave by fixing the locking element in the closed state.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the proposed design of the anti-explosive device includes a support frame 1 with a flange 2, made in the form of a support lattice, to which spring-loaded blades 3 are pivotally attached 4 blades 4 at a fixed angle to the lattice, for example 45 °, and a frame 5 for fixing the specified angle .

According to the invention:

the spring-loaded blades 4 are made with the profile of the edges 6, which when mated with each other in the closed position form labyrinth channels 7.

The length of the labyrinth channel is 0.10-0.25 width of the blades, i.e. L = (0.10-0.25) V; where L is the length of the labyrinth channel; In - the width of the blade.

In order to limit the penetration of traces of the shock wave, the blades 4 after exposure to the shock wave are fixed by grippers 8 in the closed position.

The presence of such design features in comparison with known devices ensured the achievement of the technical effect of the labyrinth seal:

the formation of labyrinth channels allows you to provide minimal gaps between the edges with local resistance, providing large differences in air pressure at a given length of the labyrinth channel.

The claimed geometry is optimal for this type of closure, because the increase in the width of the blade is associated with an increase in its path, which at a given speed of the shock wave increases the rotation time of the blades.

The limiting ratio of the dependence of the length of the labyrinth channel on the width of the blade is determined experimentally and is

L = (0.10-0.25) V; where L is the length of the labyrinth channel; In - the width of the blade.

This, in aggregate, made it possible to reduce the overlapping time of the living section of the passage opening of the support grilles (ventilation ducts) and to maximize ensure the tightness of the labyrinth seal blades formed by the mating surfaces of the mating surfaces when closed.

It is known that after the passage of the shock wave, periods of fluctuations in the passage of tracks occur, which can repeatedly affect people in the shelter, including by introducing a radioactive infection. Therefore, after the passage of the shock wave, the locking element must also be reliably closed.

The claimed device also solves this problem: limiting the penetration of traces of the shock wave due to the fact that the blades 4 after exposure to the shock wave are reliably fixed by the grippers 8 in the closed position.

The invention is confirmed by the drawings:

figure 1 shows a drawing of an anti-explosive device in a functional open state;

figure 2 shows the node springing blades;

figure 3 - state of the device in the closed position.

The blasting device consists of a support grid 1, which senses the force of the shock wave and ensures a tight fit of the blades in the closed state. Using the flange 2, the device through a sealed gasket (not shown) is attached to an exhaust or supply shaft. The blades 4 are pivotally attached to the support grid 1, which are spring-loaded with springs 3. The frame 5 for fixing the angle of inclination of the blades 4 relative to the support lattice 1 is also pivotally connected to the latter and makes it possible to fix a given angle of inclination of the blades 4 relative to the support lattice 1 (practically from 0 to 90 ° ) The angle is set to a predetermined value (for example, 45 °) using bolts (the position in the drawing is not shown).

On the support grid 1, grips 8 are installed, which ensure the fixing of the blades in the closed state after the action of the shock wave. The edges of the blades 4 are made in such a way that in the closed position of the latter form labyrinth channels 7.

Explosive device operates as follows.

An explosion-proof device is installed in the air intake or exhaust channels on the flanges 2 through gaskets (not shown).

Under normal conditions, the blades 4 of the device are in the open state and freely pass air into or out of the room. Under the action of the shock wave, the spring-loaded blades 4 rotate on the axes and overlap the live section of the support lattice 1. At the same time, by the force of the shock wave, the frame 5 for fixing the angle of inclination of the blades 4 relative to the support lattice is pressed against the closed blades and the grippers 8 fix the closed position of the latter. Thus, a reliable barrier has been put to the penetration of the shock wave and its traces through the intake or exhaust channels.

At the same time, thanks to optimally selected parameters and configuration of the edges of the profiles, when mating with each other in the closed position of the blades, a tight labyrinth seal is formed, the claimed device minimized the impact of shock wave factors and its consequences on the human body. Today, the declared anti-explosive device meets the requirements of the Ministry of Defense, is a competitive product on the world market, developed and manufactured by the Applicant, ensuring the need for the defense industry and the safety of civilians.

Claims (2)

1. An explosion-proof device comprising a support frame 1 with a flange 2, made in the form of a support grid, to which the blades 4, spring-loaded by springs 3, are pivotally attached at a fixed angle to the grid, for example, 45 °, and a frame 5 for fixing the specified angle, characterized in that spring-loaded blades 4 are made with a profile of edges 6, which, when mated with each other in the closed position, form labyrinth channels 7, while the length of the labyrinth channel is 0.10-0.25 width of the blades, i.e. L = (0.10-0.25) V, where L is the length of the labyrinth channel; In - the width of the blade. 2. The blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades 4 after exposure to the shock wave are fixed by grippers 8 in the closed position.

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