RU2240449C2 - Pulsar (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering, construction, transport, mining, agriculture, food and chemical industries, medicine, experimental and testing facilities.

SUBSTANCE: proposed pulsar has housing with working chamber with drain channel, rotating rotor with deflectors in form of blades installed in working chamber, supply nozzles and intake nozzles coaxial with supply nozzles. Blades deflectors of rotor are installed on its side surface for periodical interaction of each blade with working jet formed by supply nozzle with interruption of jet and creating on rotor. According to other design version, hydrodynamic principle of deflection of working jet from intake nozzle is used. For this purpose rotor is made in form of Segner's wheel-type turbine with tangential nozzles forming jets periodically deflecting working jet from intake nozzle.

EFFECT: enlarged sphere of application, simplified design, reduced weight and overall dimensions of pulsar.

Description

The invention relates to devices for generating pulsed pressure and / or flow rate of a working medium (liquid, gas, gas-liquid mixture, etc.) and can be used in mechanical engineering, construction, transport, mining, agriculture, food and chemical industries, medicine , experimental and testing equipment and other fields.

Known pulsator containing a housing with inlet and outlet channels, a spool flow switch, equipped with a turbine drive installed in the inlet channel (ed. St. USSR No. 1783179, F 15 B 21/12, priority 05.01.90, publ. 23.12 .92 g.).

A disadvantage of the known pulsator is the low reliability due to a complex of factors, which include: the inability to start the pulsator in the case when in its initial position the window 8 of the spool 6 is blocked by sector 9; uneven rotation of the spool 6 due to a sharp decrease in torque on the turbine 4 (spool drive 6) during the period of blocking of the spool window 8 by sector 9; the possibility of jamming and jamming of the spool 6 when solid mechanical particles from the working medium get into its working gap; a decrease in operating efficiency with an increase in the working gap between the spool 6 and sector 9 as a result of increased wear of the spool and sector 9. Another disadvantage of the known pulsator is the low durability due to increased mechanical wear of the spool 6 and sector 9, which is particularly intense when the pulsator is operating on a dirty or containing solid inclusions of the working environment. A serious drawback of the pulsator is also the occurrence of dangerous pressure overshoots (water hammer) that occur in it at the moment of closing the window 8 of the spool 6 with sector 9, reducing the durability of both the pulsator and its supply line with a pressure source, and distorting the performance of the pulsator, which reduces its efficiency . At the same time, in such a pulsator the possibility of controlling the operating frequency of the output pulses without changing their amplitude is excluded, since a change in the volumetric flow rate of the working medium through the pulsator simultaneously changes both the frequency and the amplitude of the output pulses.

Also known is a pulsator comprising a housing with inlet, outlet and drain channels and a working chamber in communication with the drain channel, a rotating rotor with feed nozzles in communication with the supply channel, a receiving nozzle in communication with the discharge channel and installed in the housing with the possibility of periodic entry into it working jets formed by feeding nozzles, and an end shutter of feeding nozzles with an arcuate hole for alternating passage of working jets (ed. St. USSR No. 1191628, F 15 V 21/12, priority dated 11/03/83, published on 11/15/85 g.).

The known pulsator has insufficient reliability and durability, especially when working on a contaminated or solid inclusions working medium, which is associated with increased mechanical wear of the contact surfaces of the rotor and the end lock, as well as the possibility of jamming and jamming of the rotor and the possibility of opening the gap between the rotor and the end shutter with increasing pressure in the inlet channel or when contaminants or solid inclusions get into the specified gap from the working medium entering the pulsator. Another disadvantage of this pulsator is the lack of the possibility of its operation in autonomous self-oscillating mode without an external rotor drive, which limits the scope, complicates the design and increases the mass and dimensions of the pulsator.

The closest technical solution (prototype) in relation to the proposed pulsator is a known pulsator containing a housing with inlet, outlet and drain channels and a working chamber communicating with the drain channel, a rotating rotor with deflectors installed in the working chamber of the housing, feeding nozzles in communication with the inlet channel, and receiving nozzles coaxial with them, in communication with the outlet channel, the nozzles communicating with their end holes with the working chamber of the housing, and the rotor deflectors are made with the possibility of intermittent interruption during the rotation of the last working jet formed by each feeding nozzle (ed. St. USSR No. 1783177, F 15 B 21/12, priority from 05/11/88, published on 12/23/92).

The disadvantage of this pulsator is the lack of the ability to work in an autonomous self-oscillating mode without an external rotor drive. However, the presence of the specified drive complicates the design of the pulsator and increases its mass and dimensions. In turn, the lack of the ability to work in autonomous self-oscillating mode and high weight and overall parameters limit the scope of the pulsator.

An object of the invention is to provide the pulsator with autonomous self-oscillation mode without using any external drive to rotate the rotor with deflectors.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design, reduce weight and dimensions and expand the scope of the pulsator by eliminating the external rotor drive from its design.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a pulsator comprising a housing with inlet, outlet and drain channels and a working chamber in communication with a drain channel, a rotating rotor with deflectors installed in the working chamber of the housing, supply nozzles in communication with the supply channel, and coaxial with they receive nozzles in communication with the outlet channel, while the nozzles with their end holes communicate with the working chamber of the housing, and the rotor deflectors are made with the possibility of periodic interruption during In contrast to the prototype, the deflectors are made in the form of blades mounted on the side surface of the rotor with the possibility of periodic interaction with the working jet with the formation of a working torque that rotates the rotor, and the axis of the nozzles are eccentric to the rotor axis or tangential to the latter, moreover, when the axes of the nozzles are eccentric to the rotor axis, each blade of the latter is located radially and at an angle to the rotor, and when of these nozzles tangentially to the rotor, each blade of the latter has a flat shape or the shape of a trough, bowl or bucket, while the blades having a flat shape or the shape of a trough are mounted radially to the rotor, and the blades having the shape of a bowl or bucket are mounted tangentially to the rotor.

When the nozzle axes are arranged eccentrically to the rotor axis, the radial edge of each blade of the latter facing the supply nozzle can be made sharp or rounded toward its radial edge facing the receiving nozzle, and the working surface of each rotor blade interacting with the working jet can be made in the form of a trough with an arcuate cross-section, directed along the zone of interaction of the blade with the working stream.

The pulsator may be provided with at least one starting nozzle located in the peripheral part of the rotor, in which an axial channel is provided, provided with a supply channel communicating with the supply channel, and at least one radial channel communicating the axial channel with the starting nozzle while the starting nozzle is directed tangentially to the rotor in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the latter, and a spring-loaded shutter is installed in the rotor with the possibility of radial movement relative to the rotor under centrifugal action forces with radial overlapping channel after start of the pulsator.

The pulsator can be equipped with a starting nozzle installed in the housing with the possibility of periodic interaction of the starting jet formed by it with the rotor blades with the formation on the last starting torque, which coincides in direction with the working torque, and this nozzle is equipped with a supply channel in communication with a pressure source, for example with a feed channel, while in the feed channel of the launch nozzle a shut-off element is installed, and the blades are located on the rotor evenly with the possibility of interaction of each of they are alternately with the starting and working jets and the possibility of interaction of the working or starting jets, at least one of the blades in any position of the rotor. The shut-off element installed in the feed channel of the launch nozzle can be made in the form of a shut-off valve controlled by the pressure acting on the supply channel side with the possibility of blocking the feed channel of the launch nozzle after the pulsator is started.

In a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor, the latter can be equipped with an outer ring coaxial with it, fixed at the outer ends of the blades, and radial launch vanes mounted on the ring and spring-loaded relative to the latter in the radial direction, with each launch blade installed under angle to the rotor with the possibility of periodic interaction in the starting mode with the working stream with the formation of the starting torque on the rotor, which coincides in direction with working torque, and the possibility of radial movement relative to the rotor under the action of centrifugal force with the exit of the specified interaction zone after the start of the launch, and the blades and starting blades are placed on the rotor alternately and evenly with the possibility of the working jet interacting with one of the blades or with one of starting blades in any position of the rotor.

In a pulsator with a tangential arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the rotor, the latter can be equipped with radial launch vanes, each of which is mounted on radial racks attached to the side surface of the rotor with the possibility of periodic interaction in the starting mode with the working jet with the formation of a starting torque on the rotor that coincides in direction with working torque, and the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the racks under the action of centrifugal force with the exit of the decree zone nnogo interaction after startup, each launcher is spring-loaded relative to the rotor blade in the radial direction, and the blades and vanes arranged on the actuating rotor alternately and uniformly to engage the propulsion jet with one of the blades or of one of the blades starting at any position of the rotor.

In a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor, the latter can be equipped with radial launch vanes mounted on its lateral surface, located at an angle to the rotor with the possibility of periodic interaction with the working jet with the formation of a torque on the rotor that coincides with the working torque, at the same time, in each launch paddle in the zone of interaction with the working stream, an arcuate hole is made longitudinal relative to the rotor for the passage of the center the main part of the working stream, and the blades and starting blades are placed on the rotor alternately and evenly with the possibility of interaction of the working stream with one of the blades or with one of the starting blades in any position of the rotor.

In a pulsator with a tangential arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the rotor, the latter can be equipped with radial launch vanes mounted on its lateral surface with the possibility of periodic interaction with the working jet with the formation of a torque on the rotor that coincides in direction with the working torque, with each starting blade in the zone of interaction with the working stream, a slot is made radial relative to the rotor for the passage of the central part of the working stream, and the blades and starting shovels ki are placed on the rotor alternately and evenly with the possibility of interaction of the working jet with one of the blades or with one of the starting blades in any position of the rotor.

The pulsator can be equipped with a radial starting turbine with an impeller and a tangential output channel, in which the rotor with blades serves as the impeller, and the housing drain channel serves as the output channel, while the side surface of the housing’s working chamber is cylindrical in alignment with the rotor and is made on it a drain hole in communication with a drain channel of the housing, tangentially relative to the rotor and directed by its outlet in the direction of rotation of the latter, and this drain hole is located on and the side surface of the working chamber of the housing so that the angle with the apex on the axis of the rotor, measured in the plane and the direction of rotation of the latter from the center of the end hole of the receiving nozzle to the center of the specified drain hole, is 30-135 °. At the same time, a shut-off element, or a plug, or a rupture diaphragm can be installed in the outlet channel with the possibility of blocking the specified channel during the start of the pulsator and its opening after the specified start.

In the pulsator, the blades can be arranged uniformly on the rotor with the possibility of alternating interaction of each of them with at least two working jets and the possibility of interaction of at least one of the blades with at least one working jet in any position of the rotor.

The pulsator can be equipped with a rotor speed limiter and this limiter can be made:

- in the form of brake vanes mounted on the periphery of the rotor, having a flat shape or the shape of a trough and mounted radially to the rotor, or having the shape of a bowl or bucket and mounted tangentially to the rotor, while the brake vanes having the shape of a trough, bowl and bucket are turned to the side rotor rotation, and the rotor blades in such a pulsator can be combined with brake blades;

- in the form of a centrifugal mechanism containing cargo elements installed in the peripheral part of the rotor with the possibility of radial movement and interaction with the side surface of the working chamber with the creation of a braking torque on the rotor with an increase in its rotation speed over a predetermined value;

- in the form of at least one brake nozzle located in the peripheral part of the rotor, in which an axial channel is provided, provided with a supply channel communicating with the supply channel, and at least one radial channel communicating the axial channel with the brake nozzle, while the brake nozzle is directed tangentially to the rotor in the direction of rotation of the latter, and a spring-loaded shutter is installed in the rotor with the possibility of blocking the radial channel and the possibility of opening under the action of centrifugal force with increasing rotational speed tions of the rotor over a predetermined value;

- in the form of a brake nozzle mounted in the housing with the possibility of periodic interaction of the jet formed by it with the blades with the formation on the rotor of a braking moment directed in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor, while the brake nozzle is provided with a feed channel in communication with a pressure source, for example, with a supply channel, and in the supply channel is installed shut-off element.

In the case of the pulsator, an additional drain channel with an overlapping body can be made, located tangentially relative to the rotor and directed with its output opposite to the direction of rotation of the latter, and the rotor speed limiter can be made in the form of a radial turbine with a working impeller and a tangential output channel, in which the working a rotor with blades serves as a wheel, and an additional drainage channel of the housing serves as the output channel, while a lock is installed in the main drainage channel of the housing organ, and the lateral surface of the working chamber of the housing is made cylindrical in alignment with the rotor and an additional drain hole is made on it, communicating with the additional drain channel and located on the indicated surface in such a way that the angle with the vertex on the axis of the rotor, counted in the plane of rotation of the latter from the center of the end hole of the receiving nozzle to the center of the additional drain hole in the opposite direction of the specified rotation is 30-135 °. In such a pulsator, the locking member can be made in the form of a centrifugal mechanism, comprising a disk mounted on the end of the rotor shaft with at least one radial channel communicating with the axial channel made in the rotor shaft, and a spring-loaded shutter installed in the radial channel of the disk with the possibility of radial movement relative to the latter under the action of centrifugal force with partial or complete overlap of the radial channel of the disk with increasing rotor speed above a predetermined value, with this disk is placed in the cavity made in the end part of the housing in the area of the end part of the rotor shaft and provided with a drain channel, and the input channel is made in the housing, which communicates the axial channel of the rotor shaft with the outlet of the main drain channel of the housing.

In a pulsator with a rotor speed limiter, made in the form of a brake nozzle installed in the housing or in the form of a radial turbine, the shut-off element can be made in the form of an adjustable throttle and can be equipped with an adjustable drive.

In a pulsator with a starting nozzle installed in the housing, the shut-off element can also be made in the form of an adjustable throttle and can be equipped with an adjustable drive.

In any of the above options for a pulsator with an adjustable shutter drive, this drive can be equipped with a control device containing a pressure sensor connected to the outlet channel installed in the last flow meter, a medium temperature sensor installed, for example, in the outlet channel, a correction unit and a software device, the input of which is connected to a pressure sensor, a flow meter and a temperature sensor of the working medium, and the output to one of the outputs of the correction unit, the second input of which is connected to the sensor ku pressure, and the output - to the variable speed drive.

The pulsator can be equipped with a control device containing a pressure sensor connected to the outlet channel installed in the last flow meter, a medium temperature sensor installed, for example, in the outlet channel, a correction unit, one output of which is connected to an adjustable drive of a shut-off element installed in the supply brake nozzle channel or drain channel, and the second output - to an adjustable drive of a shut-off element installed in the feed channel of the starting nozzle, and a software device, the input of which By connecting the pressure transducer, flow meter and the fluid temperature sensor and an output - to one of the inputs of the correction unit, the second input of which is connected to a pressure transducer.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a pulsator comprising a housing with inlet, outlet and drain channels and a working chamber in communication with a drain channel, a rotating rotor with deflectors installed in the working chamber of the housing, supply nozzles in communication with the supply channel, and coaxial with they receive nozzles in communication with the outlet channel, while the nozzles with their end holes communicate with the working chamber of the housing, and the rotor deflectors are made with the possibility of periodic interruption during For the last working jet formed by each feed nozzle, the rotor is made in the form of a “Segner wheel” turbine with tangential nozzles, and each rotor deflector is made in the form of one of the nozzles of the specified turbine with the possibility of periodic deflection of the working jet formed by this nozzle from the end hole of the receiving nozzles, while in the rotor an axial channel is provided, provided with a supply channel in communication with a pressure source, for example, a supply channel, and at least one radial channel communicating axial channel with a turbine nozzle.

In the feed channel of the axial channel of the rotor of this pulsator, an adjustable inductor equipped with an adjustable drive can be installed.

This pulsator can be equipped with a rotor speed limiter and this limiter can be made:

- in the form of a centrifugal mechanism containing cargo elements mounted in the peripheral part of the rotor with the possibility of radial movement and interaction with the side surface of the working chamber with the creation of a braking torque on the rotor when the speed of rotation exceeds its predetermined value, while the side surface of the working chamber is cylindrical coaxially with the rotor;

- in the form of brake vanes mounted on the periphery of the rotor, having a flat shape or the shape of a trough and mounted radially to the rotor, or having the shape of a bowl or bucket and mounted tangentially to the rotor, while the brake vanes having the shape of a trough, bowl and bucket are turned to the side rotor rotation;

- in the form of at least one brake nozzle located in the peripheral part of the rotor, in which an axial channel is provided, provided with a supply channel communicating with the supply channel, and at least one radial channel communicating the axial channel with the brake nozzle, while the brake nozzle is directed tangentially to the rotor in the direction of rotation of the latter, and a spring-loaded shutter is installed in the rotor with the possibility of blocking the radial channel and the possibility of opening under the action of centrifugal force with increasing rotational speed tions of the rotor over a predetermined value;

- in the form of a brake nozzle mounted in the housing with the possibility of periodic interaction of the jet formed by it with the brake vanes with the formation of a braking torque on the rotor directed to the side opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor, while the brake nozzle is provided with a feed channel in communication with a pressure source, for example, a supply channel, and a shut-off element is installed in the supply channel.

In this pulsator, a locking element installed in the supply channel of the brake nozzle or the drain channel of the pulsator housing can be made in the form of an adjustable throttle and can be equipped with an adjustable drive.

At the same time, in this pulsator, the adjustable drive of any of the locking elements can be equipped with a control device containing a pressure sensor connected to the outlet channel installed in the last flow meter, a medium temperature sensor installed, for example, in the outlet channel, a correction unit and software a device whose input is connected to a pressure sensor, a flow meter and a medium temperature sensor, and the output to one of the outputs of the correction unit, the second input of which is connected to a pressure sensor, and the output - to an adjustable drive.

In addition, this pulsator can also be equipped with a control device containing a pressure sensor connected to the outlet channel installed in the last flow meter, a medium temperature sensor installed, for example, in the outlet channel, a correction unit, one output of which is connected to an adjustable shut-off actuator body installed in the feed channel of the brake nozzle, and the second output to an adjustable drive locking element of an adjustable throttle installed in the feed channel of the axial channel of the rotor, and rammnoe device whose input is connected to a pressure transducer, flow meter and the fluid temperature sensor and an output - to one of the inputs of the correction unit, the second input of which is connected to a pressure transducer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is an enlarged section bB in figure 2;

figure 4 - rotor blade, made in the form of a gutter;

figure 5 is a section bb in figure 4;

in Fig.6 is a section GG in Fig.5;

7 is a longitudinal section of a pulsator with a tangential arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the rotor;

in Fig.8 and 9 - section DD in Fig.7;

figure 10 - the rotor blade, made in the form of a bowl;

figure 11 - rotor blade, made in the form of a bucket;

on Fig - rotor with a tangential starting nozzle;

Fig.13 is a cross-section EE in Fig.12;

on Fig - shutoff valve of the feed channel of the starting nozzle;

on Fig - rotor with centrifugal starting vanes in the pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor;

in Fig.16 - section FJ in Fig.15;

on Fig - rotor with centrifugal starting blades in the pulsator with a tangential arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the rotor;

in Fig.18 is a cross-section ЗЗ in Fig.17;

on Fig - rotor with radial launch vanes in the pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor;

in Fig.20 - section II in Fig.19;

on Fig - rotor with radial launch vanes in the pulsator with a tangential arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the rotor;

on Fig - section KK in Fig.21;

in Fig.23 is a radial trigger blade having the shape of a trough;

on Fig - section LL in Fig.23;

in Fig.25 is a view along arrow M in Fig.23;

on Fig is a longitudinal section of a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor and the radial starting turbine;

Fig.27 is a cross-section HH in Fig.26;

in Fig.28 is a longitudinal section of a pulsator with a tangential arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the rotor and the radial starting turbine;

in Fig.29 - a rotor with an external starting drive and an external braking mechanism;

on Fig - longitudinal section of the pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor and at least two pairs of working nozzles;

on Fig and 32 is a cross section OO in Fig.30;

on Fig is a longitudinal section of a pulsator with a tangential arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the rotor and at least two pairs of working nozzles;

on Fig - section PP, on Fig;

on Fig-42 - embodiments of the brake rotor blades of the rotor and their location relative to the rotor and its blades;

on Fig - rotor with a ball brake centrifugal element;

on Fig - section PP in Fig;

on Fig - rotor with a cylindrical brake centrifugal element;

on Fig - section CC in Fig;

in Fig.47-50 - embodiments of the brake centrifugal elements and their location relative to the rotor and its blades;

on Fig - rotor with a tangential brake nozzle;

in Fig.52 is a section of TT in Fig.51;

on Fig - brake rotor nozzle located inside the blade;

in Fig.54 is a view along arrow Y in Fig.53;

on Fig - brake rotor nozzle located behind the blade;

Fig.56 is a pressure stabilizer in the inlet channel;

on Fig - locking body of the drain channel, made in the form of a centrifugal shutter;

on Fig and 59 are variants of a control circuit for the frequency of the output pulses of the pulsator in its low range;

on Fig - scheme of controlling the frequency of the output pulses of the pulsator in its high range;

on Fig-63 - variants of the scheme of combined regulation of the frequency of the output pulses of the pulsator in its low and high range;

on Fig is a diagram of a control device for regulating low or high frequencies of the output pulses of the pulsator;

on Fig - scheme of a combined control device for regulating low and high frequencies of the output pulses of the pulsator;

in Fig.66 is a longitudinal section of a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor, made in the form of a turbine of the "Segner wheel" type with tangential working nozzles;

on Fig - section fF in Fig;

on Fig and 69 is an enlarged view along arrow X in Fig;

on Fig - longitudinal section of the pulsator with a tangential arrangement of the axes of the nozzles relative to the rotor, made in the form of a turbine of the type “segner wheel” with tangential working nozzles;

on Fig - fragment of the control circuit low or high frequency ranges of the output pulses of the pulsator with a hydrodynamic interrupter flow of the working medium;

on Fig - fragment of the scheme of combined regulation of low and high frequency ranges of the output pulses of the specified pulsator.

The pulsator comprises a housing 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) with a supply 2, a discharge 3 and a drain 4 channels and a working chamber 5 communicating with a drain channel 4, a rotating rotor 6 with deflector blades 7 on a side surface mounted in the working chamber 5, confuser feed nozzles 8, communicating with the supply channel 2, and coaxial with them and counter-directed diffuser receiving nozzles 9, communicating with the discharge channel 3. In this case, the nozzles 8 and 9 with their end holes 10 and 11 respectively communicate with the working chamber 5, and the blades 7 are made with possible the periodic interruption during the rotation of the rotor 6 of the working stream 12 (in Fig. 2, the shaded circle 12 shows the cross section of the working stream) formed by each feed nozzle 8, with the interaction of each blade 7 with the working stream 12 during the interruption of the latter with the formation of the working torque driving the rotor 6 with an angular velocity ω.

The axis II of each pair of nozzles 8 and 9 (Fig. 1) can be eccentric relative to the axis II-II of the rotor 6. Moreover, each blade 7 (Fig. 2) is located radially and at an angle α (Fig. 3) to the rotor and makes during the rotation of the rotor 6, the movement in the direction of the arrow S under the action of the working jet 12, the direction of flow of which from the supply nozzle 8 is indicated by arrow V. To exclude a frontal impact of the working stream on the blade 7, the radial edge 13 of each blade 7 facing the supply nozzle 8 is made sharp or rounded towards the radial chrome and 14 of the blade facing the nozzle 9. When receiving this blade 7 may have a shape similar to the blades (vanes) used in turbomachines (turbines, compressors, pumps, fans, etc.), i.e. can be flat, twisted, etc., and can be made integral with the rotor 6 or in the form of independent parts, fixed in the grooves made on the side surface of the rotor or directly on the side surface of the rotor. In order to increase the efficiency of the pulsator, as well as the amplitude and power of its output pulses in the outlet channel 3 by reducing the degree of deformation of the working jet by the blades 7, the working surface of each of the latter interacting with the working stream can be made in the form of a groove 15 (Fig. 4 and 5) with an arcuate cross-section (Fig.6), directed along the zone of interaction of the blade 7 with the working stream 12. The radius r of the groove 15 can be 1.0-2.5d, and the depth a 0.5-1.5d, where d is the diameter of the end hole 10 (figure 1) of the supply nozzle 8.

The axis I-I of each pair of nozzles 8 and 9 can also be located tangentially to the rotor 6 (Fig.7), the blades 7 of which can have, for example, a flat shape. In order to increase the efficiency of the pulsator, as well as the amplitude and power of its output pulses in the outlet channel 3 by reducing the degree of deformation of the working jet by the blades 7, the latter can also be made in the form of a gut (Figs. 7 and 9). If it is necessary to increase the speed of rotation of the rotor 6 (for example, to increase the frequency of pressure and flow pulses generated in the outlet channel 3) by reducing the “frontal” resistance of the rotating blades 7 in the working medium filling the chamber 5, these blades can be made with a streamlined shape for example in the form of a trough (Figs. 7 and 9), as noted above, or in the form of a bowl (Fig. 10) or a bucket (Fig. 11). While the blades 7, having a flat shape or the shape of the trough, are mounted radially to the rotor 6 (Fig.7-9), the blades 7, having the shape of a bowl or bucket (Fig.10 and 11), are installed tangentially to the rotor 6, and each blade 7, regardless of the form of its execution, is mounted on the rotor 6 with the possibility of periodically getting into it a working jet during rotation of the rotor.

To enable triggering of the pulsator having one pair of working nozzles 8 and 9 (Fig. 1), from the initial position at which the working jet does not hit the blade 7, the pulsator can be equipped with a starting device configured to rotate the rotor 6 when the pulsator starts while the starting torque created on the rotor by the starting device coincides in the direction with the working torque. In the pulsator, both with an eccentric (Fig. 1) and with a tangential (Fig. 7) arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor 6, the starting device can be made in the form of at least one starting nozzle 16 (Fig. 12) and 13) located in the peripheral part of the rotor 6, in which an axial channel 17 is provided, provided with a supply channel 18 connected to a supply channel 2, and at least one radial channel 19 communicating the axial channel 17 with a start nozzle 16, which directed tangentially to the rotor 6 in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation p the last one. The rotor 6 is equipped with a shaft 20 coaxial with it, the end of which, facing the supply channel 18, is hollow with the continuation of the axial channel 17 of the rotor. To prevent leakage of the working medium from the supply channel 18 to the working chamber 5, the shaft 20 is equipped with a seal 21, and to eliminate the irrational flow of the working medium through the starting nozzle 16, after the pulsator is started, a spring-loaded centrifugal shutter 22 mounted in the rotor 6 can be used with a radial displacement relative to the latter under the action of centrifugal force with the overlap of the radial channel 19 after the start of the pulsator. In this case, the mass and dimensions of the shutter 22, as well as the stiffness and pre-compression force of its return spring 23 are selected so that the shutter closes before the pulsator reaches the operating mode. At the same time, the starting device can be made in the form of a starting nozzle 24 (Figs. 1 and 7) installed in the housing 1 with the possibility of periodic interaction of the starting jet 25 formed by it (Fig. 2, on which the cross section of the starting jet is shown by a shaded circle 25) ) with blades 7 with the formation of a starting torque on the rotor that coincides in direction with the working torque and is equipped with a supply channel 26 that communicates with a pressure source, for example, a supply cable cash 2. In this case, the blades 7 are located on the rotor 6 evenly with the possibility of interaction of each of them alternately with the starting 25 and working 12 jets and the possibility of interaction of the working 12 or starting 25 jets with at least one of the blades 7 in any position of the rotor 6 occupied in the process of its rotation. To eliminate the irrational flow of the working medium through the starting nozzle 24, after the pulsator is started up, a shut-off element 27 can be installed in the supply channel 26 (Figs. 1 and 7) (for example, a valve, valve, gate valve, shutter, etc.). The shut-off element 27 can be made in the form of a shut-off valve 28 installed in the supply channel 26 (Fig. 14) with openings 29 for the passage of the working medium and a spring 30 controlled by pressure acting on the side of the supply channel 2 with the possibility of blocking the supply channel 26 after starting the pulsator up to the moment of pressure rise in the inlet channel 2 to the operating level.

In the pulsator with the eccentric arrangement of the nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the axis of the rotor 6 (Fig. 1), to ensure the possibility of starting, the rotor can be equipped with an outer ring 31 coaxial with it (Fig. 15), mounted on the outer ends of the blades 7, and radial launch blades 32 mounted on the ring 31 at an angle β (Fig. 16) to the rotor 6 with the possibility of radial movement and provided with springs 33 located in the cavities 34 of the ring 31. Similarly, in a pulsator with a tangential arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor 6 (Fig. 7 ) to provide The possibility of starting the rotor can be equipped with radial launch vanes 32 (Fig. 17 and 18) of a flat (as in Fig. 7 and 8) or gutter-shaped (as in Fig. 9) shape, each of which is mounted on a radial attached to the side surface of the rotor 6 racks 35 with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the latter and is pressed in the initial position to the rotor 6 by the springs 36. To reduce the radial movement of the blades 32 relative to the rotor 6, a radial slot 37 can be made in each of them. on Fig-18 options for the implementation of the pulsator to the starting blades 32 can be attached centrifugal cargo elements 38 to increase the centrifugal force acting on these blades and each starting blade 32 is mounted on the rotor 6 with the possibility of periodic interaction in the starting mode of the pulsator with the working jet 12 ( along the entire cross section of the latter or with a part thereof — as shown in FIGS. 15 and 18) with the formation of a starting torque on the rotor that coincides in direction with the working torque, and the possibility radial movement together with freight element 38 relative to the rotor 6 by the centrifugal force to the outlet of said zone of interaction after startup closure. In a simpler design, the radial launch vanes 32 of the pulsator rotor with an eccentric arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the axis of the rotor (Fig. 1) may have a shape and arrangement relative to the rotor, similar to the shape and arrangement of the blades 7, and may differ from the latter by the presence of arcuate longitudinal relatively the rotor 6 of the holes 39 (Fig. 19 and 20) located on the circle 40 passing through the axis II (Fig. 1) of the nozzles 8 and 9, and the blades 32 of the pulsator rotor with the tangential arrangement of the nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor (Fig. 7) my the gut can have a flat (Fig.21 and 22) or gutter-shaped (Fig.23-25) shape and a slot 41 radial relative to the rotor. The holes 39 and the slots 41 in the starting blades 32 serve to pass the central energy-carrying part (core) of the working jet 12, marked on Fig and 25 one-sided hatching. Moreover, the radial width b of each hole 39 or longitudinal with respect to the rotor 6, the width from each slot 41 does not exceed the diameter d of the end hole 10 (Fig. 1) of the supply nozzle 8, and the blades 32 with holes 39 or slots 41 are mounted on the rotor 6 s the possibility of periodic interaction with sections of the peripheral zone of the working jet 12, marked in FIGS. 19 and 25 by cross-hatching, with the formation of a torque on the rotor that coincides in direction with the working torque. Each blade 32 with a slot 41 is divided last into two symmetrical halves (Fig. 25), the peripheral ends of which can be connected by a narrow jumper 42 (for example, if necessary, to provide the required rigidity and strength of the blades 32), and in the rotor 6 with blades 32 located at an angle β to the rotor (Fig.16 and 20), the specified angle is equal to or close in magnitude to the angle α. Moreover, in any of the pulsator embodiments of FIGS. 15-25, the blades 7 and the launch blades 32 are placed on the rotor 6 alternately and evenly with the possibility of the interaction of the working jet 12 with one of the blades 7 or with one of the launch blades 32 in any position of the rotor . The starting device can also be made in the form of a radial turbine with an impeller and a tangential output channel (Figs. 26-28), in which the rotor 6 with blades 7 serves as the impeller, and a drain channel 4 is the output channel. In this case, the side surface 43 the working chamber 5 has a cylindrical shape, made coaxially with the rotor 6 and has a drain hole 44, communicating with the drain channel 4, which is located tangentially to the rotor 6 and its output is directed towards the rotation of the rotor. The drain hole 44 is located on the surface 43 so that the angle γ with the vertex on the axis of the rotor 6, counted in the plane and the direction of rotation of the latter from the center of the end hole of the receiving nozzle 9 to the center of the drain hole 44, is 30-135 °. This variant of the starting device is advisable to use when the pulsator load (the consumer of the pulses generated in the outlet channel 3) has a large hydraulic resistance (for example, a hydraulic drive cylinder with a small stroke and a small area of the piston or rod), at which a large part of the flow rate of the working medium supplied to the pulsator through channel 2, goes into the drain channel 4, providing rotation of the rotor 6 when starting the pulsator and additional torque on the rotor during operation of the pulsator. In the case of connecting to the outlet channel 3 loads with a small hydraulic resistance and a high flow rate of the working medium (for example, a chamber for washing any parts and products; a nozzle generating a pulsating jet, etc.) to increase the specified resistance in channel 3 can be a locking member 45 is installed (Fig. 26), and in the case when the locking member cannot be used (for example, when using a pulsator to perform various technological processes in wells), to increase the hydraulic resistance of dyaschego channel 3 at startup period pulsator therein can be mounted self-acting locking element, made for example in the form of a plug 46 (Figure 28) or rupture of the diaphragm (membrane) (not shown). To enable the installation of the locking element at the outlet of the outlet channel 3, a cavity 47 may be provided with a sealed removable cover (not shown) that closes the mounting hole through which the locking element is installed before the pulsator is started. When used as a locking element of the plug 46, the diameter and length of the cavity 47 exceed the diameter and length of the specified plug, respectively, which ensures free passage of the working medium through channel 3 after starting the pulsator.

It is also possible to perform a pulsator with an external starting device, including a drive shaft 48 (Fig. 29), one end of which is equipped with a drive 49 (for example, manual, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.), and the other with a coupling 50 made with the possibility of connecting it to the shaft 20 of the rotor with the drive shaft 48 when starting the pulsator and the subsequent separation of these shafts at the end of the start.

A pulsator having at least two pairs of working nozzles 8 and 9 (Figs. 30-32 are a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the axis of the rotor 6; Figs. 33 and 34 are a pulsator with a tangential arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to rotor 6), can be performed without a starting device, and to ensure the possibility of starting in it, the blades 7 are located on the rotor 6 evenly with the possibility of alternating interaction of each of them with at least two working jets 12 and the possibility of interaction, at least one of the blades 7 s, in shey least one working stream 12 in any position of the rotor 6.

If it is necessary to reduce the frequency of the pressure pulses and / or the flow rate of the working medium generated in the outlet channel 3 of the pulsator by reducing the number of blades 7, any of the pulsators shown in FIGS. 1 and 30 can be made with one blade 7 having a half-ring shape in plan ( Fig. 32). Moreover, in the pulsator shown in Fig. 1, the starting nozzle 24 is diametrically opposed to the supply nozzle 8, and in the pulsator shown in Fig. 30, two pairs of working nozzles 8 and 9 are diametrically opposed to each other. With this mutual position of the nozzles and such a design of the blade 7, the initial portion of the latter, starting from the radial edge 13 (Fig. 3), interacts with the working jet 12 until the end of the interaction with the end portion of the specified blade of the second working jet 12 (Fig. 32) or starting jet 25 (FIG. 2), and thus the jet 7 is constantly affected by the jet of the working medium, which creates a torque on the rotor 6, which causes it to rotate. The pulsator with an external starting device (Fig. 29) can also be made with one blade 7, which after turning off the starting device at the end of the pulsator start, continues to rotate, leaving the “dead zone” in which there is no interaction of the blade with the working stream, due to the force own inertia acquired in the process of this interaction.

With a large power of the working jet formed by the supply nozzle 8, the angular velocity ω of the rotor 6 can exceed the required value, at which a given value of the frequency of the output pulses in the discharge channel 3 of the pulsator is provided. To exclude the indicated excess of the rotor 6 rotational speed and, accordingly, the frequency of the pressure pulses and the working medium flow rate generated by the pulsator, the pulsator can be equipped with a rotor speed limiter, which can be made in the form of brake blades 51 mounted on the periphery of the rotor 6 (Fig. 35; shown the cross section of the blades 51 and blades 7), having a flat shape or the shape of a trough (Fig. 36) and mounted radially to the rotor 6. The brake vanes 51 can also be made in the form of a bowl (Fig. 37) or a bucket (Fig. .38) and are mounted tangentially to the rotor 6. In contrast to the similarly shaped blades 7 shown in Figs. 9-11, brake vanes 51, having the shape of a trough, bowl or bucket, are directed (turned) in the direction of rotation of the rotor 6, marked arrow ω. In a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the axis of the rotor 6 (Fig. 1), the brake vanes 51 can be mounted on the lateral surface of the latter (Figs. 35 and 36). To enable placement of the brake vanes 51, the rotor 6 can be made two-stage with the arrangement of steps along its axis. At the same time, blades 7 are installed on one rotor stage located closer to the feeding nozzle 8 between the cross sections 1-1 and 2-2 of the rotor, and at the second stage, located closer to the receiving nozzle 9 between the cross sections 2-2 and 3-3 rotor, brake blades 51 are installed, closed on the side of the feeding nozzle 8 by the blades 7. To reduce the distance between the ends 10 and 11 (Fig. 1) of the working nozzles 8 and 9 in order to reduce the energy loss of the working jet in the chamber 5 and, accordingly, with the aim increase the efficiency of the pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative Finally, the rotor 6 brake blades 51 can be mounted on the ring 52 (Fig.37 and 38), mounted on the ends of the blades 7 coaxially with the rotor 6. In the pulsator with a tangential arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor 6 (Fig.33 and 34) brake vanes 51 of any form of execution (flat, in the form of a trough, bowl or bucket; Figs. 33 and 34 show the last of these forms of execution of the brake vanes 51) can be mounted on the side surface of the rotor 6, which has two steps located along its axis. At one of these stages, located between the cross sections of the rotor 1-1 and 2-2, the blades 7 are installed, and at the other stage, located between the cross sections 2-2 and 3-3 of the rotor, brake vanes 51 are installed. To simplify the design of the pulsator brake vanes 51 of any form can be structurally combined with the vanes 7. As an example of this alignment in the pulsator with the eccentric arrangement of the nozzles 8 and 9 (Fig. 1) relative to the axis of the rotor 6, Fig. 39 shows a cross section of the vanes 7 and a flat brake vanes Attack 51, made as a whole, and in Fig.40 is a cross section of the blade 7, combined with the brake blade 51, having the shape of a trough. Examples of similar alignment in the pulsator with the tangential arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 (Fig. 7) relative to the rotor 6 are shown in Fig. 41, where the blade 7, made, for example, in the form of a groove (the cross section of the blade is shown), is aligned with a flat brake blade 51 , and in Fig. 42, where the specified blade is aligned with the brake blade 51, made in the form of a gutter. Moreover, in the pulsator with both an eccentric and a tangential arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor 6, the brake vanes 51 are located on the side of the blade 7 facing the direction of movement of the latter (Figs. 39-42), marked by arrow S.

The speed limiter of the rotor 6 can also be made in the form of a centrifugal mechanism with cargo elements 53 (Fig. 33) installed in the peripheral part of the rotor 6 with the possibility of radial movement under the action of centrifugal force and interaction with the side surface 43 of the working chamber 5 with the creation on the rotor braking torque with an increase in its rotation speed over a predetermined value. Moreover, the lateral surface 43 of the working chamber 5 is cylindrical in shape coaxially with the rotor, and the load elements 53 can be mounted radially to the rotor and have a ball (Fig. 43 and 44) or cylindrical (Fig. 45 and 46) shape. These elements can also be made in the form of a sector coaxial with the rotor 6 of a circular ring (Fig. 47) having a round or rectangular cross section. To enable placement of the cargo elements 53, the rotor 6 can be made two-stage with the arrangement of steps along its axis (Figs. 34 and 43). At the same time, blades 7 are installed on one stage of the rotor 6, located between its cross sections 1-1 and 2-2, and cargo elements 53 are installed on the second stage, located between the cross sections 2-2 and 3-3 of the rotor. .47 shows a cross section of a pulsator with a tangential arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor 6 (Fig. 33), which is made two-stage, while the load elements 53 are located inside the second stage of the rotor 6, and Fig. 48 is a cross section of a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement nozzles 8 and 9 relative B of the rotor 6 (Figure 1), which is also made a two-step, the cylindrical freight items 53 are located on the second rotor stages 6 and closed against ingress of the working stream 12 (Figure 1) vanes 7 arranged on the first stage rotor. However, the cargo elements 53 can be placed in a single-stage rotor 6 inside the blades 7 (Figs. 45 and 46) or on the outer side surface of the ring 52 (Fig. 49), mounted on the ends of the blades 7 coaxially with the rotor 6. Cargo elements 53 can also be placed inside the specified ring 52 in the same way as they are placed inside the rotor 6 (Fig). To keep the cargo elements 53 from touching the side surface 43 of the working chamber 5 until the rotational speed of the rotor 6 exceeds a predetermined value, the cargo elements 53 can be provided with spiral 54 (Fig. 34 and 48) or arc 55 (Fig. 49 and 50) springs. At the same time, the cargo elements 53, made in the form of a sector of a circular ring, can be fixed on the end of the arc spring 55 (Fig. 49), the second end of which is fixed on the ring 52 or on the rotor 6. To reduce the working medium flow generated by the load running on the cargo element 53 forces that prevent its radial movement towards the brake cylindrical surface 43 of the working chamber 5, the end 56 of the specified element, facing the rotation direction of the rotor 6, may have a streamlined aerodynamic shape (for example, the shape of a cone, hemisphere and etc.). When using arc springs 55 (Fig. 50), the rotor 6 can be braked by friction against the surface 43 of the cylindrical outer surface of the spring 55 or of the load element 53 interacting with the surface 43 through a slot (window) made in the spring 55 (not shown). In a pulsator with centrifugal starting blades 32 (Fig. 15-18), the load elements 38 can be equipped with brake rods (not shown) that interact with the side surface 43 of the working chamber 5, if necessary, to limit the speed of rotation of the rotor. Under conditions when the cargo elements 53 or 38 are small in size, these elements, if necessary, increase their mass can be made of a material with a high specific gravity (for example, lead, etc.).

The rotor speed limiter in the pulsator with both an eccentric (Fig. 1) and tangential (Fig. 7) arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor can also be made in the form of at least one brake nozzle 57 (Fig. 51 and 52) located in the peripheral part of the rotor 6, in which an axial channel 17 is provided, provided with a supply channel 18, and at least one radial channel 19, communicating the axial channel 17 with the brake nozzle 57, which is directed tangentially to the rotor 6 in the direction of rotation of the latter. The feed channel 18 communicates the axial channel 17 with a pressure source, for example, a feed channel 2, and the rotor 6 is provided with a shaft 20 coaxial with it, the end of which facing the feed channel 18 is hollow with the continuation of the axial channel 17 of the rotor. To eliminate the irrational flow of the working medium through the brake nozzle 57 until the start of braking of the rotor 6, a spring-loaded centrifugal lock 58 can be used installed in the rotor 6 with the possibility of blocking the radial channel 19 and radial movement in the direction of the periphery of the rotor under the action of centrifugal force with the opening of the radial channel 19. The mass and dimensions of the shutter 58, as well as the stiffness and pre-compression force of its return spring 59 are selected so that the shutter opens p the adial channel 19 with an increase in the rotational speed of the rotor 6 above a predetermined value. If necessary, the brake nozzle 57 can be placed in the blades 7 (Figs. 53 and 54) or in the second stage of the rotor 6 located between sections 2-2 and 3-3 of the latter (Figs. 34 and 35). In the latter case, the brake nozzle 57 may be located behind the blade 7 (Fig.55), which covers it from the impact of the working jet 12 (Fig.2). Similarly, the starting nozzle 16 (FIGS. 12 and 13) can be placed on the rotor 6.

The rotor speed limiter can also be made in the form of a brake nozzle 60 (Figs. 7 and 26) installed in the housing 1 with the possibility of periodic interaction of the brake jet formed by it with the blades 7 with the formation of a braking torque on the rotor 6, directed in the direction opposite to rotor rotation. In this case, the brake nozzle 60 is equipped with a supply channel 61, which communicates the specified nozzle with a pressure source, for which, for example, a supply channel 2 can be used, and the blades 7 can have, for example, the shape shown in Fig. 3 for a pulsator with an eccentric the location of the nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the axis of the rotor 6 (Fig. 26) or in Fig. 8 - for a pulsator with the tangential arrangement of the nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor 6 (Fig. 7). To enable the brake jet to interact with the blade 7, shown in figure 3, with the creation of the braking torque on the rotor against the torque created by the working jet 12, the side 62 of the specified blade facing the brake nozzle 60 is made at an angle δ to the rotor 6, close to or equal in magnitude to the angle α, and to exclude a frontal impact of the brake jet moving in the direction of arrow N on the blade 7, in the latter the radial edge 14 facing the brake nozzle 60 can be made sharp or rounded (along the dashed line) towards the radial edge 13, just as the latter is made sharp or rounded towards the radial edge 14. To eliminate unproductive flow of the working medium through the brake nozzle 60 until the start of braking of the rotor 6, a shut-off element 63 is installed in the supply channel 61 .

The flow rate of the working medium through the brake nozzle 57 (Figs. 51 and 52) or 60 (Figs. 7 and 26) can cause an undesirable change in the amplitude of the pulses generated in the outlet channel 3. To exclude the indicated change in the pulses at the output of the pulsator of any of the supply channels 18 or 61 can be connected to its own pressure source, not connected to the supply channel 2. In the case of connecting each of these supply channels to the supply channel 2, the latter can be equipped with a pressure regulator of the working medium, made, for example, in the form of relivnogo valve comprising a housing 64 (fig.56) and placed therein a spring-loaded valve 65 with a throttle hole 66, intended for damping axial vibrations of the shutter. In the housing 64, a cavity 67 is provided, provided with a drain channel 68 and an inlet channel 69 communicating with the inlet channel 2 and closed by a shutter 65 from the side of the cavity 67. The predetermined pressure value in the inlet channel 2 is adjusted by selecting the diameter of the shutter 65 and the diameter of the inlet channel 69, as well as the rigidity and pre-compression forces of the spring 70 of the shutter 65. The stabilizer maintains a constant pressure in the supply nozzle 8 when opening the shutter 58 (Fig. 51) or the shut-off member 63 (Fig. 7 and 26) by changing the stroke the shutter 65 and, accordingly, the flow rate of the working medium bypassed from the supply line 2 through the valve to drain.

The rotor speed limiter can be made in the form of a radial turbine with an impeller and a tangential output channel, in which the impeller is a rotor 6 with blades 7 or a rotor 6 with blades 7 and brake blades 51, and an additional channel made in housing 1 a drain channel 71 (Figs. 27 and 28) with an overlapping (locking) body 72 located tangentially relative to the rotor and directed by its outlet in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the latter. At the same time, a locking member 73 is installed in the main drain channel 4, and the lateral surface 43 of the working chamber 5 is made cylindrical in alignment with the rotor 6 and an additional drain hole 74 is made on it, communicating with the channel 71 and located on this surface so that the angle φ with a vertex on the axis of the rotor, measured in the plane of rotation of the latter from the center of the end hole of the receiving nozzle 9 to the center of the drain hole 74 in the direction opposite to the direction of said rotation, is 30-135 °. The locking body 73 may be made in the form of a centrifugal mechanism comprising a disk 75 fixed to the end part of the shaft 20 (FIG. 57) of the rotor 6 with at least one radial channel 76 communicating with the axial channel 77 made in the shaft 20 and spring-loaded a shutter 78 mounted in a radial channel 76 with the possibility of radial movement relative to the disk 75 under the action of centrifugal force with a decrease in the area of the passage section of the radial channel 76 up to its complete overlap with an increase in the speed of rotation of the rotor 6 over given value. In this case, the disk 75 is placed in the cavity 79 made in the end part of the housing 1 in the area of the end part of the shaft 20 and provided with a drain channel 80, and in the case 1 an input channel 81 is made, which communicates the axial channel 77 of the shaft 20 with the outlet of the drain channel 4.

If necessary, the rotor 6 can be equipped with a combined speed limiter containing both brake blades 51 and / or centrifugal load elements 53, and brake nozzles 67 or 60 or a radial brake turbine with blades 7 and a tangential output channel 71 (Figs. 27 and 28 ), in which the overlapping body 72 is installed.

The speed limiter of the rotor 6, both with an eccentric and with a tangential arrangement of the nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor 6, can also be made in the form of an external braking mechanism 82 (Fig. 29) (for example, disk, shoe, tape, etc. ), interacting during the braking of the rotor with the brake disc 83 installed on its shaft 20.

Locking bodies 27 (Figs. 1 and 7), 45 (Figs. 26), 63 (Figs. 7 and 26), 73 (Figs. 27 and 28) and an overlapping organ 72 (Figs. 27 and 28) can be made in in the form of a crane, valve, flap, etc., and if necessary, provide remote control of these bodies and the brake mechanism 82, any of these bodies and the brake mechanism 82 can be equipped with a control drive (for example, mechanical, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc. item) (not shown).

The pulsator may be configured to control low and / or high frequencies of its output pulses. To ensure the possibility of regulating the frequency of these pulses only in its low range, the locking elements 63 and 73 can be made in the form of adjustable chokes 84 (Fig. 58) and 85 (Fig. 59, respectively), each of which is equipped with an adjustable drive 86. With the same The brake mechanism 82 (Fig. 29) can also be equipped with an adjustable drive 86, which changes the amount of force with which the brake mechanism interacts with the brake disc 83. To ensure the possibility of regulating the frequency of the pulser output pulses only in In a wide range, the starting nozzle 24 (Fig. 1) can be made with an adjustable flow rate of the working medium supplied to it, for which the shut-off element 27 can be made in the form of an adjustable throttle 87 (Fig. 60) and is equipped with an adjustable drive 86. If necessary, expand functional the capabilities of the pulsator in order to ensure the possibility of its use with a load that requires the pulsator to produce both low and high adjustable frequencies of the output pulses (for example, in test benches, various technological devices, etc. .), in the pulsator can be used all of the above functional elements 84-87. As adjustable chokes 84, 85 and 87, crane, spool, needle, and the like can be used. throttles, and as an adjustable drive 86 can be used manual, mechanical, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc. drive unit. In this case, the drive 86 of the chokes 84, 85 and 87 is made with the possibility of moving the working body (for example, a shutter, a slide valve, a throttle needle, etc.) of each of these chokes to change the area of their bore in the process of controlling the frequency of the output pulses of the pulsator. When connecting the supply channel 61 (Fig. 58 and 61) of the brake nozzle 60 and / or the feed channel 26 (Fig. 60 and 61-63) of the start nozzle 24 to the inlet channel 2, the latter can be equipped with a pressure stabilizer made, for example, in the form overflow valve (Fig) and ensuring the maintenance of a stable pressure in the supply nozzle 8 and, accordingly, a stable amplitude of the pulses in the outlet channel 3 when controlling the flow rate of the working medium through the throttle 84 or 85 and / or throttle 87 in the process of regulating the frequency of these pulses.

The pulsator can be made with the ability to control low and / or high frequencies of its output pulses according to a given optimal program. In order to be able to regulate the output pulses of low or high frequencies according to a given optimal program, the adjustable drive 86 (Fig. 58) of the throttle 84 of the brake nozzle 60, or the throttle 85 of the drain channel 4 (Fig. 59), or the brake mechanism 82 (Fig. 29) can be equipped with a control device 88 containing a pressure sensor 89 (Fig. 64) connected to the outlet channel 3, a flow meter 90 installed in the channel 3, a correction unit 91 and a software device 92, one input of which is connected through a converter 93 to the pressure sensor 89, and the second input d - through the converter 94 to the flow meter 90. In the case of the dependence of the frequency of the pulser output pulses on the temperature t ° of its working medium, the program device 92 may have a third input connected through the converter 95 to the temperature sensor 96 of the working medium installed, for example, in channel 3, and if the indicated frequency also depends on the viscosity ν of the pulsator medium, the software device can have one more input connected to the temperature sensor 96 through a converter 97, which converts the signal t ° coming from the sensor 96 into the signal ν. The output of the software device is connected to one of the inputs of the correction unit 91, the second input of which is connected through the converter 98 to the pressure sensor 89, and the output is connected to the adjustable drive 86 through the converter 99. The converter 97 can be configured to configure its operating characteristic ν = F ( t °) for various working fluids that may be used for operation of the pulsator and the programming device 92 may be arranged to enter therein set values of design parameters k _1, k ₂ ... k _n pulsator (nap example, the diameters of the end holes 10 and 11 (Fig. 1) of the working nozzles 8 and 9, the installation angle α of the blades 7 (Fig. 3) relative to the rotor 6, the distance between the ends of the nozzles 8 and 9, the diameter of the rotor 6 and the side surface 43 (Fig. .26) of the working chamber 5, the width of the rotor 6, etc.), as well as the pressure p and the flow rate Q of the working medium in the supply channel 2. When connecting the output of the correction unit 91 to the adjustable drive 86 of the throttle 84 or 85 or to the adjustable drive 86 of the brake mechanism 82, the software device 92 is configured to generate a signal at its output reflectively the optimal value of the frequency of the pulsator output pulses in its low range, and when the output of the correction unit 91 is connected to the adjustable drive 86 of the inductor 87, the software device 92 is configured to generate a signal at its output that reflects the optimal value of the indicated frequency in its high range.

To enable combined regulation of the output pulses at the given optimal program of low and high frequencies, the pulsator can be equipped with a control device 100 (Fig. 61), to which an adjustable drive 86 of the throttle 87 of the starting nozzle 24 and an adjustable drive 86 of the throttle 84 of the brake nozzle 60 or throttle are connected 85 drain channel 4 (Fig.62) or an adjustable drive 86 of the brake mechanism 82 (Fig.63). The device 100 differs from the control device 88 in that its software device 101 (Fig. 65) is configured to generate an output signal that reflects the optimal value of the frequency of the output pulses of the pulsator in both low and high ranges of the specified frequency, and its correction unit 102 it has two working outputs, one of which is connected via a converter 103 to an adjustable drive 86 of a throttle 84 or 85 or a brake mechanism 82, which changes the pulse frequency in its low range, and the second through a converter 104 to an adjustable drive 86 of the inductor 87, which changes the frequency of the pulses in its high range. It is also possible to execute a control device 100 with two correction blocks and a software device having two outputs, each of which is connected to one of the correction blocks, while one of these blocks serves as a low-frequency correction block and is connected to an adjustable drive 86 of the inductor 84 or 85 or brake mechanism 82, and the second one is connected to a high frequency correction unit and is connected to an adjustable drive 86 of the inductor 87 (not shown) by its output.

In another embodiment of the pulsator with an eccentric (Fig.66-69) or tangential (Fig.70) arrangement of the working nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the rotor 6, the latter is made in the form of a turbine of the “Segner wheel” type with at least one tangential working nozzle 105 and each rotor deflector is made in the form of a working nozzle 105 of the specified turbine with the possibility of periodic deviation of the working jet 12 formed by this nozzle from the end hole 11 of the receiving nozzle 9. At the same time, the axial channel 17 provided with a supply channel 18 is made in the rotor 6, and me at least one radial channel 19, which communicates the axial channel 17 with the working nozzle 105. The supply channel 18 communicates the axial channel 17 with a pressure source, for example, a supply channel 2, and the end of the shaft 20 of the rotor 6 facing the feed channel 18, is made hollow with the continuation of the axial channel 17 of the rotor and is equipped with a seal 21. To enable the frequency of the pulses generated in the output channel 3 to be regulated, an adjustable choke 106 can be installed in the feed channel 18, which can The unit is equipped with an adjustable drive 86 (for example, manual, mechanical, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.). If necessary, increase the period of time during which the working jet deviates from the receiving nozzle 9, in the pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of the nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the axis of the rotor 6 (Fig.66), the outlet 107 of each nozzle 105 can be made in the form of a rectangle (Fig. 68) or an ellipse (Fig. 69). While the smaller side 108 of the specified rectangle or the short axis 109 of the specified ellipse is directed parallel to the axis of the rotor 6.

In this embodiment of the pulsator, with an increase in the power of the working jet formed by the nozzle 8, it is necessary to increase the power of the deflecting jet formed by the nozzle 105. Moreover, the rotational speed of the rotor 6 and, accordingly, the frequency of the output pulses of the pulsator can exceed a predetermined value. To eliminate this excess, the pulsator can be equipped with a rotor speed limiter, which can be made in the form of brake vanes 51 (Figs. 33-38, 66, 67 and 70) and / or centrifugal braking elements 53 (Figs. 33, 34, 43 -50 and 66). In order to prevent collision of the brake elements 51 and 53 with the working jet 12 in the pulsator with the eccentric arrangement of the nozzles relative to the axis of the rotor 6 (Fig.66 and 67), the brake vanes 51 can be placed on the peripheral zone of at least one end surface of the rotor, and centrifugal elements 53 are on one of the stages of the rotor (as shown in Fig. 43), the second stage of which contains tangential nozzles 105, while in the zone of rotation of the elements 53, the side surface 43 of the working chamber 5 is cylindrical in alignment with the rotor 6 and with a smaller distance from the axis of the rotor to the end hole 11 of the receiving nozzle 9, and in the pulsator with the tangential location of the nozzles relative to the rotor (Fig. 70), the brake elements 51 and / or 53 can be placed on one of the stages of the rotor (as shown in Fig. 34), on the second stage of which tangential nozzles 105 are placed, or on the two extreme end steps of a three-stage rotor 6, on the middle stage of which nozzles 105 are placed. However, in a pulsator with an eccentric arrangement of nozzles 8 and 9 relative to the axis of the rotor Other brake vanes 51 can be located on the side surface of the rotor 6 at one of its stages together with nozzles 105. Moreover, the height of the vanes 51 in the radial direction is taken to be minimal so as to prevent their unwanted collision with the working jet 12 and not to remove the nozzles 105 far from the working jet, since an increase in the distance between each nozzle 105 and the jet 12 forces to increase the power of the jet formed by the specified nozzle, and this, in turn, increases the flow rate of the working medium through the nozzle 105 and the rotation speed I am a rotor that needs to be limited. Together with the brake elements 51 and / or 53 or instead of them, at least one brake nozzle 57 (Figs. 51 and 52) located in the rotor 6 and provided with a centrifugal valve 58, or can be used as a speed limiter of the rotor 6; or a brake nozzle 60 (Figs. 67 and 70) placed tangentially to the rotor 6 in the housing 1 with the possibility of interaction of the brake jet formed at its exit with the brake vanes 51 and provided with a supply channel 61 communicating with a pressure source, for example, with a supply channel 2. In the supply channel 6 1, a locking member 63 can be installed. At the same time, the rotor speed limiter in this pulsator embodiment, like in the first embodiment, can be made in the form of a radial brake turbine with an impeller, as shown in Figs. 27 and 28 At the same time, brake blades 51 can be used instead of the blades 7 as the blades of the specified turbine, and the locking element 73 installed in the drain channel 4 can be made in the form of a centrifugal mechanism, shown in Fig. 57. In this pulsator, the locking element 63 can be made in the form of an adjustable choke 84 (Fig. 58), and the locking body 73 - in the form of an adjustable choke 85 (Fig. 59). The speed limiter of the rotor 6 in this embodiment of the pulsator can also be made in the form of an external braking mechanism 82 (Fig.29).

A pulsator with a hydrodynamic interrupter of the flow of the working medium (Fig.66-70) can be made with the ability to control the frequency of the output pulses in its low and / or high range, including according to a given optimal program, for which it can be equipped with the control system described above shown in Fig.29 and 58-65, where instead of the starting nozzle 24 with an adjustable throttle 87 (Figs. 60-63 and 65), when controlling the indicated frequency of this pulsator in its high range, a tangential nozzle 105 with an adjustable throttle 10 is used 6 (Fig. 66, 70-72). If it is necessary to exclude changes in the amplitude of the output pulses in the outlet channel 3 when the flow rate of the working medium through the nozzles 60 and 105 changes during the regulation of the frequency of these pulses using chokes 84 and 106, the supply channels 18 and 61 can be connected to their own pressure source, which is not connected to the supply channel 2, and in the case of connecting these supply channels to the supply channel 2, the latter can be equipped with a pressure stabilizer 110, the design of which is described above and is presented in Fig. 56. The pressure stabilizer 110 maintains a constant level of pressure in the supply nozzle 8 when changing the flow rate of the working medium through the nozzles 60 and 105.

The pulsator can be equipped with a set of interchangeable nozzles 8 and 9 with different diameters of the end holes 10 and 11 (figure 1). If there are several pairs of nozzles 8 and 9 in the pulsator design, they can be made with different eccentricities relative to the axis of the rotor and different diameters of the end holes 10 and 11 of each pair, and such a pulsator can be equipped with a set of removable plugs (not shown) installed in each idle pair nozzles 8 and 9 at the inlet of nozzle 8 and at the exit of nozzle 9, which allows a simple rearrangement of the plugs from one pair of nozzles 8 and 9 to another pair to change the amplitude of pressure, flow rate and power of the pulsator output pulses in the outlet channel e 3 by changing the diameter of the end holes 10 and 11 of the nozzles 8 and 9, provided with the specified permutation of the nozzles, and the change in the specified amplitude is carried out without changing the parameters (pressure and flow) of the working fluid flow in the inlet channel 2. The housing 1 of the pulsator can be made, with at least one drain channel 4, which can be located in the longitudinal (Fig. 1 and 34), radial (Fig. 7, 30 and 70) or tangential (Fig. 27 and 28) directions relative to the rotor 6. Rotor 6 can be rigidly mounted on the shaft 20 (figure 1, 12, 30, 34, 51, 57, 66 ) or made in one piece with it, while the shaft 20 can be equipped with bearings 111 and 112 (figure 1). At the same time, the rotor 6 can be mounted on a fixed axis 113 fixed in the housing 1 (Fig. 26) with the possibility of rotation relative to the latter and provided with support bearings 114 and 115. The bearings 111, 112, 114 and 115 can be made in the form of friction bearings rolling or sliding friction. To exclude increased wear of the bearings and uneven rotation, the rotor 6, having one blade 7, is balanced by a load (not shown), mounted on it diametrically opposite to the blade 7, and the rotor 6, having one radial channel 19 (Fig.12, 51, 67 and 70 ), is balanced by a hole (not shown) made diametrically opposite to the indicated radial channel in it.

The pulsator operates as follows.

The working medium (liquid, gas, gas-liquid mixture, compressed air, etc.) is supplied under pressure through the inlet channel 2 (Figs. 1 and 7) to each feed nozzle 8, at the outlet of which a working jet 12 is formed (Fig. 2) flowing into the working chamber 5 in the direction of arrow V in the direction of the receiving nozzle 9. The rotor 6 is launched into rotational motion using the starting torque that is created on the rotor due to the reaction of the tangential starting jet formed by the nozzle 16 (Fig. 13), or due to the alternate impact on the blades 7 of the starting jet 25 (FIG. 2) formed by the starting nozzle 24 (FIGS. 1 and 7) with the shut-off body 27 open and the working jet 12, or due to the alternating action of the working jet 12 on the starting blades 32 (FIGS. 15-25) and blades 7, or due to the impact on the latter and / or on the brake vanes 51 of a circular drain flow of the working medium formed on the periphery of the working chamber 5 (Figs. 27 and 28) after the working stream 12 collides with the end of the receiving nozzle 9 with the closed shut-off body 45 ( Fig.26), an open locking body 73 and a closed shutoff body 72, or due to the rotation of the shaft 20 (Fig.29) p 6 from the drive shaft 48 of the external starting drive 49. The locking member 63 (FIGS. 7 and 26) of the brake nozzle 60 is in the closed position during the starting period. In a pulsator containing at least two pairs of nozzles 8 and 9 (Figs. 30-34), the rotor 6 is launched into rotational motion due to the alternate action of at least two working jets 12 on the blades 7. After the start the flow of the working medium to the starting nozzle 16 (Fig.13) is stopped due to the overlap of the radial channel 19 (Fig.12) in the rotor 6 by the shutter 22, which moves to the closed position under the action of centrifugal force, increasing as a result of an increase in the speed of rotation of the rotor 6, and working environment to launcher the nozzle 24 (FIGS. 1 and 7) is stopped by closing the shut-off member 27 or shut-off valve 28 (FIG. 14), which is triggered to close as a result of the increase in pressure after the start of the pressure in the supply channel 2 to the operating level. In this case, the starting blades 32 (Fig. 15-18) under the action of centrifugal force move in the radial direction and leave the zone of interaction with the working jet 12, providing its free passage to the receiving nozzle 9.

After the pulsator reaches the operating mode, the rotor 6 gains a predetermined rotation speed due to the interaction of the working stream 12 with the blades 7 periodically intersecting the specified stream, as a result of which a pulsating flow of the working medium with a pulse change in pressure is formed in the receiving nozzle 9 and the associated outlet channel 3 , flow and power with a frequency determined by the speed of rotation of the rotor 6 and the number of its blades 7. If necessary, the speed of rotation of the rotor 6 is limited to a predetermined value using the brake blade current 51 (Figs. 33-42) and / or centrifugal freight elements 53 (Figs. 33, 34, 43-50) interacting with the lateral cylindrical surface 43 of the working chamber 5. Along with or instead of the braking bodies 51 and / or 53 the indicated speed can be limited by a brake jet formed when the set rotational speed of the rotor 6 is exceeded by the nozzle 60 (Figs. 7 and 26) with the shut-off body 63 open or the nozzle 57 (Figs. 51-55) with the shutter 58 open, moved to the open position under the influence of centrifugal force. However, the rotational speed of the rotor 6 can be limited to a predetermined value due to the impact on the blades 7 and / or brake blades 51 of the circular drain flow of the working medium moving with the shut-off body 72 open (Figs. 27 and 28) from the end of the receiving nozzle 9 the periphery of the working chamber 5 in the direction of the drain channel 71 with a partially or completely closed shut-off element 73 or using an external brake mechanism 82 (Fig. 29) interacting with the brake disk 83 of the shaft 20 of the rotor 6. In this case, the set value of the rotational speed of the rotor 6 and, from responsibly, the frequency f of the pulsator output pulses in its low range can be adjusted by adjusting, with the aid of the inductor 84 (Fig. 58), the power of the brake jet generated by the nozzle 60, or by adjusting, with the aid of the inductor 85 (Fig. 59), the flow rate of the working medium in the drain channel 4 with the open shutoff body 72 (Figs. 27 and 28), or by adjusting the interaction force of the brake mechanism 82 (Fig. 29) with the brake disc 83, and the specified frequency in its high range can be adjusted by adjusting with draw mudflow 87 (Fig. 60) of the power of the starting jet formed by the nozzle 24, and the frequency setting in the low range is performed with the throttle 87 closed, and in the high range with the closed throttle 84 and the open throttle 85. If you need to increase the frequency of the pulser output pulses, the area is reduced the cross-section in the choke 84, the area of the cross-section in the chokes 85 and 87 increases and the frictional force of the brake mechanism 82 on the brake disc 83 decreases, and if necessary, the indicated frequency is reduced the reverse change in the flow area of the chokes 84, 85 and 87 and the interaction forces of the brake mechanism 82 with the brake disc 83.

The speed control of the rotor 6 and, accordingly, the frequency of the output pressure pulses and the flow rate of the working medium in the discharge channel 3 can be carried out according to the specified optimal program using the control device 88 (Fig.29, 58-60 and 64) - when controlling the specified frequency in it low or high range or using a control device 100 (Fig.61-63 and 65) - in the case of controlling the frequency of the output pulses in its low and high range. When you initially configure the control device 88 or 100 to work with any particular pulsator having specified structural parameters and specified characteristics of the working medium flow supplied to it, as well as in case of changing these parameters and characteristics during operation of the pulsator in a software device 92 or 101 the design parameters k ₁ , k ₂ , ... k _{n of the} pulsator and the value of pressure p and flow Q in the inlet channel 2 are introduced. Also during initial setup of the specified control device or when replacing p The working environment of the pulsator, the Converter 97 is configured so that it generates an output signal that reflects the dependence ν = F (t °), corresponds to the working environment that will be used for the pulsator. In the process of operation of the pulsator, information about the pressure p ₀ , flow rate Q ₀ , temperature t °, and viscosity ν of the working medium in the outlet channel 3, respectively, from the pressure sensor 89 through the converter 93, from the flow meter 90 through the converter 94, is received into the software device 92 or 101 from the temperature sensor 96 through the converters 95 and 97. In the software device 92 or 101, the received information is processed according to the specified program and the optimal frequency value of the output x pulsator pulses, as a function of a number of parameters:

f _(opt) = F (k ₁ , k ₂ , ... k _n , p, Q, A _p , A _Q , t °, ν),

where A _p and a _q - respectively, the amplitude of the pulse pressure and flow rate of the working medium in the discharge channel 3.

In the control device 88 (Fig. 64), information on the value of f _{(opt) is} received from the output of the software device 92 to the input of the correction unit 91, through the second input of which information on the current value of the frequency f of the output pulses in channel 3 from the pressure sensor 89 through the converter 98. In the correction unit 91, the current value of the frequency f is compared with its optimal value f _(ort), and after comparison, a correction signal ± Δ f is generated at the output of the block, which reflects the difference between the indicated values:

Δ f = f _(opt) -f.

Moreover, if the value of f _(opt) exceeds f, the signal Δ f has a positive value, reflecting the need to increase the current value of the frequency f until the value f _{(opt) is} reached, and if the value f is less than f _(opt) , the signal Δ f has a negative a value reflecting the need to reduce the current value of the frequency f to achieve f _(opt) . From the output of the correction unit 91, the signal ± Δ f through the converter 99 is supplied to the adjustable drive 86 of the inductor 84 (Fig. 58), or 85 (Fig. 59), or 87 (Fig. 60), or to the adjustable drive 86 of the brake mechanism 82 ( Fig.29). Upon receipt of a signal + Δf from the correction unit 91, the adjustable drive 86 reduces the orifice area of the inductor 84, or increases the orifice area of the inductor 85 or 87, or reduces the frictional force of the brake mechanism 82 on the brake disk 83 until the current value f is not equal to f _(opt), as well as taken from the block 91 the signal -Δ f steering actuator 86 performs an inverse change in the throttle passage area 84, or 85, or 87, or the magnitude of said force as long as the current value of f is not cf. etsya with the value f _(opt).

Similarly, in the control device 100 (Fig. 65), information about the value f _{(opt) is} supplied from the output of the software device 101 to the input of the correction unit 102, at one of the outputs of which a correction signal ± Δ f is generated. When adjusting f in its low range, the specified signal through the converter 103 is fed to an adjustable drive 86 that controls the inductor 84 or 85 or the brake 82, and when adjusting f in its high range, the signal ± Δ f through the converter 104 enters the adjustable drive 86 of the inductor 87 . The signal ± Δ f coming from the correction block 102 is processed by the adjustable drive 86 in the same manner as when using the control device 88, until the current f is equal and the output frequency is optimal f _(opt) and pulses.

In another embodiment of the pulsator (Figs. 66-70), the rotor 6 is rotated due to the reaction of the jet flowing out of the tangential nozzle 105 into the working chamber 5 and periodically deviating during the rotor rotation the working jet formed by the feeding nozzle 8 from the receiving nozzle 9, behind due to which, a pulsating flow of the working medium is formed in the outlet channel 3, the frequency of which is determined by the rotor speed and the number of nozzles 105 in the rotor 6 and can be controlled within specified limits by the throttle 106, which changes the jet power at the nozzle exit 105 and, accordingly Actually, the rotor speed of 6. If necessary, increase the frequency of the output pulses in channel 3, increase the power of the jet at the output of the nozzle 105 by increasing the area of the orifice of the throttle 106. Under conditions when the power of the jet formed by the nozzle 105 cannot be reduced below a predetermined limit, to which provides the required force of its impact on the working jet formed by the nozzle 8, the rotational speed of the rotor 6 is limited to a predetermined value using the brake blades 51 (Figs. 33-38, 66, 67 and 70) and / or centrifugal trucks elements 53 (Figs. 33, 34, 43-50 and 66). Together with the brake bodies 51 and 53 or instead of them, the rotation speed of the rotor 6 can be limited under the indicated conditions using a brake jet formed by a nozzle 57 (Figs. 51 and 52) or 60 (Figs. 67 and 70), or using a drain flow the working medium against the movement of the brake vanes 51 (in accordance with Fig.27 and 28, on which instead of the vanes 7 on the rotor 6 mounted brake vanes 51), or using the brake mechanism 82 (Fig.29). As in the previous version of the pulsator, the speed control of the rotor 6 and, accordingly, the frequency of the output pulses in this embodiment of the pulsator can be carried out according to a given optimal program using the control device 88 (Fig.29, 58-60, 64, 66, 70 and 71) - when regulating the specified frequency in its low or high range or using a control device 100 (Fig.61-63, 65 and 72) - when combining the regulation of the indicated frequency in its low and high range. In this case, unlike the first pulsator variant, in this embodiment, the control of the frequency of the output pulses in its high range is carried out not due to the change in the throttle 87 (Figs. 60-63) of the jet power generated by the starting nozzle 24, but due to the change in the throttle 106 (Fig. 66 and 70) the power of the jet formed by the tangential nozzle 105.

The implementation in the proposed pulsator of the rotor in the form of a turbine driven by a working jet interacting with the rotor deflector blades, or from a jet formed by the tangential rotor nozzle, makes it possible to operate the pulsator in a self-oscillating mode, which eliminates the external rotor drive from its design and due to this, to simplify the design and reduce the weight and dimensions of the pulsator. In turn, providing the possibility of working in autonomous self-oscillating mode and reducing the weight and overall parameters of the pulsator allows you to expand the field of its practical application. The proposed pulsator can be used in conditions where it is not possible to use an external drive to rotate its rotary chopper due to the impossibility of laying the power line of the specified drive (electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) or due to the limited space to accommodate the pulsator and / or restrictions on its overall and weight parameters (for example, in conditions of wells, pipelines, compact and light machines and plants for various purposes, etc.).

In comparison with the known pulsators of self-oscillating action with a turbine drive of the flow interrupter (for example, according to ed. St. USSR No. 1783179), the proposed pulsator has higher reliability due to the exclusion of “dead” rotor zones in it, which prevent the pulsator from starting, and also due to more uniform rotation of the rotor and eliminating the possibility of seizing and jamming. At the same time, the proposed pulsator has higher durability due to the exclusion of increased mechanical wear of its working parts, which is ensured by the absence of direct mechanical contact in it of the parts of the flow interrupter (blades 7 and nozzles 8 and 9). In addition, the proposed pulsator eliminates dangerous pressure overshoots at the time of interruption of the flow of the working medium and provides the ability to control the working purity of the output pulses of the pulsator without changing their amplitude.

Claims (35)

1. A pulsator comprising a housing with inlet, outlet and drain channels and with a working chamber in communication with the drain channel, a rotating rotor with deflectors installed in the working chamber of the housing, supply nozzles in communication with the supply channel, and receiving nozzles coaxial with them, in communication with a discharge channel, while the nozzles through their end holes communicate with the working chamber of the housing, and the rotor deflectors are made with the possibility of intermittent interruption during rotation of the last working jet formed by each pit with a nozzle, characterized in that the deflectors are made in the form of blades mounted on the side surface of the rotor with the possibility of periodic interaction with the working jet with the formation of a working torque that drives the rotor, and the axis of the nozzles are eccentric to the rotor axis or tangential to the latter, the location of the nozzle axes is eccentric to the rotor axis, each blade of the latter is located radially and at an angle to the rotor, and when the nozzle axes are located tangentially to the rotor, each blade of the last th has a flat shape or the shape of the trough, bowl or bucket, the blade having a flat shape or trough mounted radially to the rotor, and the blades having a shape of a cup or bucket, mounted tangentially to the rotor. 2. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that when the nozzle axes are eccentric to the rotor axis, the radial edge of each blade of the latter facing the supply nozzle is sharp or rounded towards its radial edge facing the receiving nozzle. 3. The pulsator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when the axis of the nozzles is eccentric to the rotor axis, the working surface of each blade of the latter, interacting with the working stream, is made in the form of a trough with an arcuate cross section directed along the zone of interaction of the blade with the working stream. 4. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with at least one starting nozzle located in the peripheral part of the rotor, in which an axial channel is provided, provided with a supply channel in communication with the supply channel, and at least one radial channel communicating the axial channel with the starting nozzle, while the starting nozzle is directed tangentially to the rotor in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the latter, and a spring-loaded shutter is installed in the rotor with the possibility of radial movement relative to the rotor under ystviem centrifugal force with a radial channel overlap after the start of the pulsator. 5. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a starting nozzle installed in the housing with the possibility of periodic interaction of the starting jet formed by it with the rotor blades with the formation at the last of the starting torque, which coincides in direction with the working torque, and this nozzle equipped with a feed channel in communication with a pressure source, for example, with a feed channel, while a shut-off element is installed in the feed channel of the launch nozzle, and the blades are evenly located on the rotor with the possibility of mutual odeystviya each of them alternately with starting and working streams and to engage a working jet or launcher, at least one of the rotor blades in any position. 6. The pulsator according to claim 5, characterized in that the shut-off element is made in the form of a shut-off valve controlled by pressure acting on the side of the supply channel with the possibility of blocking the supply channel of the starting nozzle after starting the pulsator. 7. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that when the nozzle axes are eccentric to the rotor axis, the latter is equipped with an outer ring coaxial with it, fixed to the outer ends of the blades, and radial launch vanes mounted on the ring and spring-loaded relative to the latter in the radial direction, in this case, each starting blade is installed at an angle to the rotor with the possibility of periodic interaction in the starting mode with the working jet with the formation of a starting torque on the rotor that matches the pressure with a working torque, and with the possibility of radial movement relative to the rotor under the action of centrifugal force with the exit of the specified interaction zone after the start of the launch, and the blades and starting blades are placed on the rotor alternately and evenly with the possibility of interaction of the working jet with one of the blades or with one from the starting blades in any position of the rotor. 8. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that when the nozzle axes are located tangentially to the rotor, the latter is equipped with radial launch vanes, each of which is mounted on radial racks attached to the side surface of the rotor with the possibility of periodic interaction in the starting mode with the working jet with formation on rotor starting torque, coinciding in direction with the working torque, and the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the racks under the action of centrifugal force with the exit of the zone this interaction after the start of the launch, with each starting blade spring-loaded relative to the rotor in the radial direction, and the blades and starting blades are placed on the rotor alternately and evenly with the possibility of interaction of the working jet with one of the blades or with one of the starting blades in any position of the rotor. 9. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that when the axes of the nozzles are arranged eccentrically to the rotor axis, the latter is equipped with radial launch vanes mounted on its side surface and arranged at an angle to the rotor with the possibility of periodic interaction with the working jet with the formation of a torque on the rotor that matches in the direction with the working torque, while in each launch paddle in the zone of interaction with the working stream an arcuate hole is made longitudinal relative to the rotor for passage of cent the real part of the working jet, and the blades and starting blades are mounted on the rotor alternately and evenly with the possibility of interaction of the working stream with one of the blades or with one of the starting blades in any position of the rotor. 10. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that when the nozzle axes are tangential to the rotor, the latter is equipped with radial launch vanes mounted on its side surface with the possibility of periodic interaction with the working jet with the formation of a torque on the rotor that coincides with the working torque moment, while in each launch paddle in the zone of interaction with the working stream, a slot is made radially relative to the rotor for the passage of the central part of the working stream, and the blades and launch l sheaths are mounted on the rotor alternately and evenly with the possibility of interaction of the working jet with one of the blades or with one of the starting blades in any position of the rotor. 11. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a radial starting turbine with an impeller and a tangential output channel, in which the rotor with blades serves as the impeller, and the drain channel of the housing, and the side surface of the working chamber of the housing made of a cylindrical shape coaxially with the rotor and a drain hole is made on it, communicating with the drain channel of the housing, tangentially relative to the rotor and directed by its outlet in the direction of rotation of the latter, and this drain from the hole is located on the side surface of the working chamber of the housing in such a way that the angle with the vertex on the axis of the rotor, measured in the plane and in the direction of rotation of the latter from the center of the end hole of the receiving nozzle to the center of the specified drain hole, is 30-135 °. 12. The pulsator according to claim 11, characterized in that a shut-off element or a stopper or a bursting diaphragm is installed in the outlet channel with the possibility of blocking the specified channel during the start of the pulsator and its opening after the specified start. 13. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are located on the rotor evenly with the possibility of alternating interaction of each of them with at least two working jets and with the possibility of interaction of at least one of the blades with at least , with one working stream in any position of the rotor. 14. The pulsator according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is equipped with a rotor speed limiter. 15. The pulsator according to 14, characterized in that the speed limiter of the rotor is made in the form of brake blades mounted on the periphery of the rotor, having a flat shape or shape of a trough and mounted radially to the rotor, or having the shape of a bowl or bucket and mounted tangentially to the rotor, while the brake vanes, having the shape of a trough, bowl and bucket, are turned in the direction of rotation of the rotor. 16. The pulsator according to clause 15, wherein the rotor blades are aligned with the brake blades. 17. The pulsator according to 14, characterized in that the rotor speed limiter is made in the form of a centrifugal mechanism containing cargo elements mounted in the peripheral part of the rotor with the possibility of radial movement and interaction with the side surface of the working chamber with the creation of a braking torque on the rotor when increasing its rotation speed over a given value. 18. The pulsator according to 14, characterized in that the speed limiter of the rotor is made in the form of at least one brake nozzle located in the peripheral part of the rotor, in which an axial channel is provided, equipped with a supply channel in communication with the supply channel, and at least one radial channel communicating the axial channel with the brake nozzle, while the brake nozzle is directed tangentially to the rotor in the direction of rotation of the latter, and a spring-loaded shutter is installed in the rotor with the possibility of blocking the radial channel and the possibility of opening under the action of centrifugal force with increasing rotor speed above a predetermined value. 19. The pulsator according to 14, characterized in that the rotor speed limiter is made in the form of a brake nozzle mounted in the housing with the possibility of periodic interaction of the jet formed by it with the blades with the formation of a braking torque on the rotor directed in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor, wherein the brake nozzle is provided with a feed channel in communication with a pressure source, for example, with a feed channel, and a shut-off member is installed in the feed channel. 20. The pulsator according to claim 14, characterized in that the housing has an additional drain channel with an overlapping body located tangentially relative to the rotor and directed with its output opposite to the direction of rotation of the latter, and the rotor speed limiter is made in the form of a radial turbine with an impeller and a tangential output channel, in which the rotor with blades serves as the impeller, and an additional drain channel of the housing serves as the output channel, while in the main drain channel of the housing n is a locking member, and the side surface of the working chamber of the housing is cylindrical in shape coaxially with the rotor and an additional drain hole is made on it, communicating with the additional drain channel and located on this surface so that the angle with the apex on the axis of the rotor, counted in the plane of rotation of the latter from the center of the end hole of the receiving nozzle to the center of the additional drain hole in the opposite direction of the specified rotation is 30-135 °. 21. The pulsator according to claim 20, characterized in that the shut-off element is made in the form of a centrifugal mechanism comprising a disk fixed to the end of the rotor shaft with at least one radial channel communicating with the axial channel made in the rotor shaft and a spring-loaded shutter installed in the radial channel of the disk with the possibility of radial movement relative to the latter under the action of centrifugal force with partial or complete overlap of the radial channel of the disk with an increase in the rotor speed above a predetermined value In this case, the disk is placed in the cavity made in the end part of the housing in the region of the end part of the rotor shaft and provided with a drain channel, and the input channel is made in the housing, which communicates the axial channel of the rotor shaft with the outlet of the main drain channel of the housing. 22. The pulsator according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the locking element is made in the form of an adjustable throttle and is equipped with an adjustable drive. 23. The pulsator according to claim 5, characterized in that the locking element is made in the form of an adjustable throttle and is equipped with an adjustable drive. 24. The pulsator according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the adjustable drive is equipped with a control device comprising a pressure sensor connected to the outlet channel installed in the last flow meter, a medium temperature sensor installed, for example, in the outlet channel, a correction unit and a software device, the input of which is connected to a pressure sensor, a flow meter and a temperature sensor of the working medium, and the output to one of the inputs of the correction unit, the second input of which is connected to a pressure sensor, and the output to an adjustable drive. 25. The pulsator according to paragraphs 22 and 23, characterized in that it is equipped with a control device comprising a pressure sensor connected to the outlet channel installed in the last flow meter, a medium temperature sensor installed, for example, in the outlet channel, a correction unit, one the output of which is connected to an adjustable drive of the locking element installed in the feed channel of the brake nozzle or in the drain channel, and the second output to the adjustable drive of the locking element installed in the supply channel of the brake nozzle, and programmatically e device, the input of which is connected to a pressure sensor, a flow meter and a medium temperature sensor, and the output to one of the inputs of the correction unit, the second input of which is connected to a pressure sensor. 26. A pulsator comprising a housing with inlet, outlet, and drain channels and with a working chamber in communication with a drain channel, a rotating rotor with deflectors installed in the working chamber of the housing, supply nozzles in communication with the supply channel, and receiving nozzles coaxial with them, in communication with a discharge channel, while the nozzles through their end holes communicate with the working chamber of the housing, and the rotor deflectors are made with the possibility of periodic interruption during rotation of the last working jet formed by each pi a nozzle, characterized in that the rotor is made in the form of a turbine of the “Segner wheel” type with tangential nozzles, and each rotor deflector is made in the form of one of the nozzles of the specified turbine with the possibility of periodic deflection of the working jet formed by this nozzle from the end hole of the receiving nozzle, in this case, an axial channel is provided in the rotor, provided with a supply channel in communication with a pressure source, for example, with a supply channel, and at least one radial channel communicating with the axial channel with the turbine nozzle. 27. The pulsator according to p. 26, characterized in that an adjustable choke is provided in the supply channel, equipped with an adjustable drive. 28. The pulsator according to p. 26 or 27, characterized in that it is equipped with a rotor speed limiter. 29. The pulsator according to p. 28, characterized in that the rotor speed limiter is made in the form of a centrifugal mechanism containing cargo elements mounted in the peripheral part of the rotor with the possibility of radial movement and interaction with the side surface of the working chamber with the creation of a braking torque on the rotor when increasing its rotation speed is above a predetermined value, while the lateral surface of the working chamber is cylindrical in shape coaxially with the rotor. 30. The pulsator according to p. 28, characterized in that the rotor speed limiter is made in the form of brake blades mounted on the periphery of the rotor, having a flat shape or shape of a trough and mounted radially to the rotor, or having the shape of a bowl or bucket and mounted tangentially to the rotor, while the brake vanes, having the shape of a trough, bowl and bucket, are turned in the direction of rotation of the rotor. 31. The pulsator according to claim 28, characterized in that the rotor speed limiter is made in the form of at least one brake nozzle located in the peripheral part of the rotor, in which an axial channel is provided, provided with a supply channel in communication with the supply channel, and at least one radial channel communicating the axial channel with the brake nozzle, while the brake nozzle is directed tangentially to the rotor in the direction of rotation of the latter, and a spring-loaded shutter is installed in the rotor with the possibility of blocking the radial channel and the possibility of opening under the action of centrifugal force with increasing rotor speed above a predetermined value. 32. The pulsator according to claim 28, characterized in that the rotor speed limiter is made in the form of a brake nozzle mounted in the housing with the possibility of periodic interaction of the jet formed by it with the brake vanes with the formation of a braking torque on the rotor directed in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor wherein the brake nozzle is provided with a feed channel in communication with a pressure source, for example, with a feed channel, and a shut-off member is installed in the feed channel. 33. The pulsator according to p, characterized in that the shut-off element is made in the form of an adjustable throttle and is equipped with an adjustable drive. 34. The pulsator according to item 27 or 33, characterized in that the adjustable drive is equipped with a control device containing a pressure sensor connected to the outlet channel installed in the last flow meter, a medium temperature sensor installed, for example, in the outlet channel, a correction unit and software device, the input of which is connected to a pressure sensor, a flowmeter and a temperature sensor of the working medium, and the output to one of the outputs of the correction unit, the second input of which is connected to a pressure sensor, and the output to an adjustable drive . 35. The pulsator according to paragraphs 27 and 33, characterized in that it is equipped with a control device comprising a pressure sensor connected to the outlet channel installed in the last flow meter, a temperature sensor for the working medium installed, for example, in the outlet channel, a correction unit, one the output of which is connected to an adjustable drive of the locking element installed in the feed channel of the brake nozzle, and the second output to the adjustable drive of an adjustable throttle installed in the feed channel of the axial channel of the rotor, and a software device a device whose input is connected to a pressure sensor, a flow meter, and a medium temperature sensor, and the output - to one of the inputs of the correction unit, the second input of which is connected to a pressure sensor.

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