RU224042U1 - Dispenser for solid dispersed combustible component for preparing explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the production of explosives, namely to a dispenser for a solid dispersed combustible component (SDGC) for the preparation of an explosive. The TDGK dispenser for preparing explosives includes a frame, a loading hopper, a loading hopper shutter, and a dosing hopper. The loading hopper is fixedly fixed to the frame. The lower open part of the loading hopper communicates with the sector part of the gate, spring-loaded and pivotally connected to the loading hopper. The dosing hopper is made with an open upper part and a bottom in the lower part. The dosing hopper is hinged on the frame, spring-loaded relative to the frame and has a handle on its side with the ability to move it from the initial loading position to the position of unloading the TDGK from the dosing hopper into the skip box and back to the original position using the handle. The technical result consists in increasing the safety of work on the preparation of explosives while simultaneously increasing the dosing accuracy. 5 salary f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the production of bulk, granular explosives, namely to a dispenser of a solid dispersed combustible component (hereinafter referred to as TDGC) for the preparation of explosives (hereinafter referred to as explosives), and can be used in the manufacture of explosives based on ammonium nitrate at enterprises leading blasting for the mining industry.

A TDGK dispenser for preparing explosives is known from the prior art, including a frame, a loading hopper with a loading pipe on top with the ability to load TDGK into the loading hopper from the TDGK hopper through a material pipeline, a loading hopper shutter, a dosing hopper (see RU 140155 U1, 04/27/2014, selected for the prototype).

This prototype has the disadvantage that there is a possibility of spillage. A large number of design elements (several unloading sections of the dosing hopper, the presence of several slide valves, the presence of several unloading hatches) complicates the design of the dispenser, requiring constant monitoring through inspection hatches and thereby reducing the possible dosing accuracy. If there are several unloading hatches, the dosed material is poured into different locations, which, if there is a skip box after such a dispenser, can lead to a possible spillage of the dosed material.

The purpose of the utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of the analogue by improving and simplifying the design of the dispenser, pouring the dosed material into a strictly defined location relative to the walls of the skip box, which have a relatively small but constant perimeter, preventing spillage of explosive material past the skip box and between the elements of the dispenser. The challenge is also to improve dosing accuracy without excessive operator control.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the safety of work on the preparation of explosives while simultaneously increasing the accuracy of dosing.

The inventive TDGK dispenser for the preparation of explosives includes a frame, a loading hopper, a loading hopper shutter, and a dosing hopper.

According to the utility model, what is new in the dispenser is that the loading hopper is fixedly mounted on the frame; the lower open part of the loading hopper communicates with the sector part of the gate, spring-loaded and pivotally connected to the loading hopper; the dosing hopper is made with an open upper part and a bottom in the lower part; the dosing hopper is hinged on the frame, spring-loaded relative to the frame and has a handle on its side with the ability to move it from the initial loading position, to the position of unloading the TDGK from the dosing hopper into the skip box, and back to the original loading position using the handle.

Due to the fact that the dispenser has a loading hopper with a shutter and a tilting dosing hopper, as well as due to the above-described interaction of these elements, it became possible to supply the exact calculated amount of TDGK to the skip box with the oxidizer (ammonium nitrate), and then to the mixer for preparing the explosive . Simultaneously with such an accurate supply of TDGK into the skip box by turning the dosing hopper, the rest of the doser, due to the interaction of its elements, namely, the closing of the lower open part of the loading hopper with a rotary valve from turning the dosing hopper to the unloading position, remains sealed, which, in turn, significantly reduces the likelihood of TDGK spilling past the skip box, which increases the safety of work. At the same time, the dosing hopper does not change its position of the side wall and its open part when unloading the TDGK relative to the skip box, which also reduces the likelihood of the TDGK spilling and, as a result, increases the safety of work.

In one particular preferred embodiment, in the initial loading position, the upper side of the metering hopper, by means of its spring, presses the gate to its open position and communication of the lower open part of the loading hopper with the open top of the metering hopper, while the bolt spring in this initial loading position is stretched; Moreover, in the unloading position, the dosing hopper is tilted towards the skip box by means of a handle, rotating in a hinged connection with the frame, and the shutter is released from the pressure of the dosing hopper and, under the action of the shutter spring, it covers the lower open part of the loading hopper with its sector part.

When unloading the TDGK into a skip box by rotating the dosing hopper, the rest of the dispenser, due to the interaction of its elements, namely the closing of the lower open part of the loading hopper with a rotary valve from turning the dosing hopper to the unloading position, remains sealed, which in turn significantly reduces the likelihood of the TDGK spilling past the skip box , which increases the safety of work. At the same time, the dosing hopper does not change its position of the side wall and its open part when unloading the TDGK relative to the skip box, which also reduces the likelihood of spillage of the TDGK and increases the safety of work.

In one of the specific preferred options, the loading hopper is made with a loading pipe on top with the ability to load the TDGK into the loading hopper from the TDGK hopper through a material pipeline.

This additionally contributes to the tightness of the transported flammable material at the entrance to the dispenser and, as a result, prevents the occurrence of spillage of material and increases the safety of work on the preparation of explosives while simultaneously increasing the accuracy of dosing.

In one particular preferred embodiment, the bottom of the dosing hopper is made movable and lockable so that the volume of the dosing hopper can be adjusted.

Due to the fact that the dispenser has an adjustable bottom of the dosing hopper, it became possible to supply the exact calculated amount of TDGK to the skip box with the oxidizer (ammonium nitrate), and then to the mixer for preparing the explosive. Simultaneously with such an accurate and controlled supply of the dispersed component into the skip box by turning the dosing hopper, despite its adjustable volume, it does not change its position of the side wall and its open part when unloading the TDGK relative to the skip box, which also reduces the likelihood of spillage of the dispersed component and increases work safety.

In one particular preferred embodiment, the bottom of the metering hopper is configured to adjust its position relative to the walls of the metering hopper by means of a key inserted into it.

This, in addition to the main design features outlined above, also helps to increase the tightness of the dosing hopper, control accuracy, reduce the likelihood of spills, and maintain the location of the dosed material spill relative to the walls of the skip box.

In one particular preferred embodiment, the spring of the metering hopper has a tensioner with the ability to regulate the force of pressing the metering hopper by the spring against the shutter.

Such reliable, adjustable pressing of the metering hopper by a spring to the shutter contributes to the reliable interaction of these elements, which leads to effective operation of the valve mechanism of the shutter: in the initial loading position it communicates with the cavities of the loading and metering hoppers, and in the unloading position it reliably closes the cavity of the loading hopper, allowing the metering hopper to unload into the skip box.

The utility model is illustrated with figures. Figure 1 shows a side view of the dispenser in the initial position of loading TDGK. Figure 2 shows a side view of the dispenser in the TDGK unloading position. Figure 3 shows the location of the elements of the complex for the preparation of explosives, including the inventive dispenser. In Fig. 4, the dispenser is shown in the position where the position of the bottom of the dosing hopper is adjusted. The figures show one of the best options (for maximum manifestation of the technical effect, designated as a technical result) of making a dispenser with an adjustable bottom, tensioner, etc., while to ensure (manifest) the technical result, these elements may not be present, according to an independent clause formulas of the stated solution.

The following notations are used in the figures:

1 – TDGK bunker,

2 – material pipeline,

3 – TDGK dispenser,

4 – skip box,

5 – frame,

6 – loading hopper,

7 – loading hopper shutter,

8 – spring between the loading hopper shutter and the loading hopper,

9 – dosing hopper,

10 – spring between the dosing hopper and the frame,

11 – spring tensioner between the dosing hopper and the frame,

12 – movable bottom of the dosing hopper,

13 – loading pipe of the loading hopper,

14 – handle of the dosing hopper,

15 – wall of the skip box,

16 – stopper,

17 – key of the movable bottom of the dosing hopper.

The technological process for the production of granular explosives (GEV) based on an oxidizer is reduced to its mechanical mixing with liquid and solid combustible components. Mixed explosives fundamentally consist of an oxidizer (for example, mainly ammonium nitrate) and fuel. In the simplest composition, the fuel is represented by a liquid combustible component (LFC) - for example, an oil product; in more complex compositions, in addition to the LFC, the fuel also contains a solid dispersed combustible component (SDGC) - for example, aluminum (aluminum granules), coal, sawdust.

One of the most critical components in the complex for the production of hot water from the oxidizer, TDGK and LGK is the inventive TDGK dispenser, which is necessary for dosed supply of TDGK into the skip box with the oxidizer for their further joint lifting in the skip box and pouring into the mixer. The declared dispenser is capable of supplying the skip box with the oxidizer, and then into the mixer for preparing explosives, the exact calculated amount of TDGK. Simultaneously with such an accurate and controlled supply of TDGK into the skip box by turning the dosing hopper, the rest of the doser, due to the interaction of its elements, namely, the closing of the lower open part of the loading hopper with a rotary valve from turning the dosing hopper to the unloading position, remains sealed, which in turn significantly reduces the likelihood of TDGK spilling past the skip box, which increases the safety of work. The dosing hopper, despite its adjustable volume, does not change its position of the side wall and its open part when unloading the TDGK relative to the skip box, which also reduces the likelihood of the TDGK spilling and increases the safety of work.

The claimed dispenser 3 of a solid dispersed combustible component (SDGC) for preparing an explosive includes a frame 5, a loading hopper 6, a loading hopper shutter 7, a dosing hopper 9.

The loading hopper 6 is fixedly fixed on the frame 5.

The lower open part of the loading hopper 6 communicates with the sector part of the shutter 7, spring-loaded by a spring 8 and pivotally connected to the loading hopper 6.

The dosing hopper 9 is made with an open upper part and a bottom 12 in the lower part.

The dosing hopper 9 is hinged on the frame 5, spring-loaded by a spring 10 relative to the frame 5 and has a handle 14 on its side with the possibility of moving it from the initial loading position to the position of unloading the TDGK from the dosing hopper 9 into the skip box 4, and back to the original position loading via handle 14.

It is preferable that in the initial loading position, the upper side part of the metering hopper 9, through its spring 10, presses the shutter 7 for its open position and communication of the lower open part of the loading hopper 6 with the open upper part of the metering hopper 9, while the spring 8 of the shutter 7 is in this initial position loading is in a stretched state. In this case, it is preferable that in the unloading position the dosing hopper 9 is tilted towards the skip box 4 by means of the handle 14, turning in a hinged connection with the frame 5, and the shutter 7 is released from the pressure by the dosing hopper 9 and so on under the action of the spring 8 of the shutter 7 it covers with its sector part the lower open part of the loading hopper 6.

It is preferable that the loading hopper 6 is made with a loading pipe 13 on top with the possibility of loading TDGK into the loading hopper 6 from the TDGK hopper 1 through the material pipe 2 (see Fig. 3).

It is preferable that the bottom 12 of the metering hopper 9 is made movable and fixed with the ability to adjust the volume of the metering hopper 9. In this case, the bottom 12 of the metering hopper 9 can be configured to adjust its position relative to the walls of the metering hopper by means of a key 17 inserted into it.

It is preferable that the spring 10 of the metering hopper 9 has a tensioner 11 with the ability to regulate the force of pressing the metering hopper 9 by the spring 10 to the shutter 7.

The operating principle of the proposed dispenser is as follows.

The dispenser of the dispersed component is made of a volumetric, flag type. In the upper position of the dosing hopper 9 of the dispenser 3, with its influx it opens the sector gate 7 and the dispersed component from the material pipeline 2 enters the dosing hopper 9.

When unloading a portion of the dispersed component from the dosing hopper 9 into the skip, the sector shutter 7, under the action of weights and springs, blocks the cross-section of the bottom of the loading hopper 6.

The dispersed component dispenser elements, as an option, can be made of stainless steel 12Х18Н10Т.

An adjustable dispenser 3 (Fig. 3) of a dispersed component (dispersed energy additive, for example aluminum powder) is used for dosed supply of the dispersed component coming from the dispersed component supply hopper 1 through the material pipeline 2 into the skip box 4 of the skip hoist, in which it is together with ammonium nitrate Then it goes into the mixer for preparing the explosive.

In fig. Figure 3 shows the line of entry under the influence of gravity of the dispersed component from the hopper 1, into which the dispersed component is poured from transport containers, to the skip box 4, for the subsequent preparation of the explosive. Figure 1 shows the design of the inventive dispenser in the position of loading material into the dispenser, figure 2 shows the design of the inventive dispenser in the position of unloading material into the skip. In Fig. 4, the dispenser is shown in the position where the height of the bottom 12 is adjusted.

The adjustable dispenser consists of two hoppers:

- a loading hopper 6 mounted on a frame 5, the upper part of which is open and the loading pipe 13 of the material pipeline 2 is inserted into it, and the lower open part is blocked by a sector gate 7, spring-loaded by a spring 8 in the “open” position; And

- dosing hopper 9 with an open top.

The lower part of the dosing hopper 9 has a movable bottom 12, which moves in the grooves when adjusting its volume and is fixed in the desired position with nuts. The dosing hopper 9 is pivotally mounted on an axis on the frame 5 and in the “loading” position is spring-loaded by a servo spring 10 with a tensioner 11. The handle 14 of the dosing hopper is attached to the side of the dosing hopper 9.

The dispenser works as follows.

The required portion volume is adjusted by moving the movable bottom 12 and fixing it in the desired position, for example with nuts.

In the initial “loading” position, the material from the material pipeline through the loading pipe 13 enters the loading hopper 6 and then through the open sector gate 7 into the dosing hopper 9 until it is completely loaded, the spring 8 is stretched in this position.

The position of the dosing hopper 9 in this position is fixed by a servo spring 10, the pressing force of which is regulated by the tensioner 11.

The dosing hopper 9 is moved to the “unloading” position by the handle 14, while it is tilted by turning around its axis. The material from the dosing hopper 4 is poured into the skip box of the skip hoist. When the dosing hopper 9 is tipped over, the sector shutter 7 is released and under the influence of the spring 8 it closes the bottom of the loading hopper 6. As an example, as shown in Fig. 2, the angle A of the dosing hopper overturning can be determined from the initial angle of 270 degrees between the side wall of the dosing hopper hopper and the horizontal part of the frame, up to 130 degrees in an overturned state, for guaranteed pouring of the dispersed component from the dosing hopper 9 into the skip box 4.

After unloading the material from the dosing hopper 9 into the skip, it is moved by handle 14 to the “loading” position, and the cycle is repeated.

In Fig.4, the dispenser is shown in the position where the height of the bottom 12 is adjusted. Regulation of the bottom, and accordingly, the volume of powder (disperse component), can alternatively be carried out as follows: install the stopper 16, as shown in Fig.4, blocking supplying powder to the dosing hopper 9; insert the key 17 into the holes in the bottom 12 of the dosing hopper 9; turn key 17 90 degrees; the bottom 12 will be unlocked, it can be moved to another position higher or lower by changing the volume of the dosing hopper 9; then turn the key back 90 degrees, locking the bottom 12; When operating dispenser 3, remove key 17 and stopper 16 and put in spare parts (spare parts, tools and accessories).

Thus, the use of the claimed TDGK dispenser for the preparation of explosives makes it possible to increase the safety of work on the preparation of explosives while simultaneously increasing the dosing accuracy. Among the advantages of the stated solution, one can also highlight increased safety, improved environmental and technical and economic indicators of the production of bulk (granular and powdery) explosives through the selection of safe equipment, its optimal location, improved working conditions, and increased operating time of the installation for the production of explosives as a whole.

It should be noted that any of the ranges or intervals mentioned in the presented materials includes its boundary values. The obtained ranges of values, specific values, quantities given in the text, as well as examples of implementation, are the most optimal for the implementation of the claimed dispenser and were found both through theoretical justification and in the process of modeling, design, various experiments and pilot tests.

It should also be noted that since the claimed solution can be produced, for example, by methods of machining, welding, manufacturing standard elements at the manufacturer with subsequent machining, welding, casting, articulation, the dispenser has various standard technological elements (for example, roundings, smooth transitions etc.), may not be specified in the patent materials, and these additional elements do not in any way limit the scope of the claims.

The solution described above is not limited precisely to the specified details of its implementation and can be improved by many means and methods without deviating from its basic concept.

Claims (11)

1. Dispenser (3) of a solid dispersed combustible component (SDGC) for preparing an explosive, including a frame (5), a loading hopper (6), a loading hopper shutter (7), a dosing hopper (9), characterized in that the loading hopper (6) is fixedly fixed to the frame (5), the lower open part of the loading hopper (6) communicates with the sector part of the gate (7), spring-loaded by a spring (8) and pivotally connected to the loading hopper (6), the dosing hopper (9) is made with an open upper part and a bottom (12) in the lower part, the dosing hopper (9) is hinged on the frame (5), spring-loaded by a spring (10) relative to the frame (5) and has a handle (14) on its side with the possibility of moving it from the initial loading position to the position of unloading TDGK from the dosing hopper (9 ) into the skip box (4) and back to the original loading position using the handle (14). 2. The dispenser according to claim 1, characterized in that in the initial loading position, the upper side part of the dosing hopper (9) by means of its spring (10) presses the shutter (7) for its open position and communication with the lower open part of the loading hopper (6) the upper part of the dosing hopper (9) is open, while the spring (8) of the shutter (7) is stretched in this initial loading position; Moreover, in the unloading position, the dosing hopper (9) is tilted towards the skip box (4) by means of a handle (14), turning in a hinged connection with the frame (5), and the shutter (7) is freed from being pressed by the dosing hopper (9) and under by the action of the spring (8) of the shutter (7), it covers with its sector part the lower open part of the loading hopper (6). 3. Dispenser according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the loading hopper (6) is made with a loading pipe (13) on top with the possibility of loading TDGK into the loading hopper (6) from the TDGK hopper (1) through a material pipeline (2) . 4. A dispenser according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the bottom (12) of the dosing hopper (9) is movable and fixed with the ability to regulate the volume of the dosing hopper (9). 5. The dispenser according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom (12) of the dosing hopper (9) is configured to adjust its position relative to the walls of the dosing hopper by means of a key (17) inserted into it. 6. Dispenser according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the spring (10) of the metering hopper (9) has a tensioner (11) with the ability to regulate the force of pressing the metering hopper (9) by the spring (10) to the shutter (7).