RU2239471C1 - Fire prevention system for educational institution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for fire prevention or containment.

SUBSTANCE: fire prevention system includes ignition and smoke sensing means automatically actuated by receiving-control fire alarm control panel of fire-extinguishing apparatus. Ignition and smoke sensing means are two indicators of different kinds, namely heat indicator and independent smoke indicator, cooperating with control panel. System has supplementary manual indicators generating signal and transmitting thereof to control panel, which generates sound, light, vibratory and combined alarm signals perceived by devices, transmitted to residence sites and to furniture parts. System includes individual manual means, particularly made as wireless buttons. Manual indicators, individual means and wireless buttons automatically transmit return signal to control panel which result in automatic switching on warning means indicating directions of evacuation paths and to actuation of fire-extinguishing apparatuses installed along evacuation paths. After receiving alarm signal people use individual protection means, namely protection hoods, gas-and-smoke shielding kits, and are equipped with lamps and fluorescent sticks. Evacuation means are folding ladders, hoses connected to window openings and rescue mats laid on fliers are also utilized. Modular water, powder, gas-and-powder plants are used as fire-extinguishing apparatuses. Besides, system includes self-actuating modules or aerosol generators arranged in attics and basements.

EFFECT: increased simplicity of system application and increased operational reliability.

3 cl

Description

The invention relates to the creation of methods and means designed to protect people in case of fire in educational institutions, mainly correctional institutions and boarding schools, and can be used to protect students, teachers and other people in the building of general secondary and special education, in the event of smoke , local fires and widespread fires.

Known technical solution "Inertia method to reduce the risk of occurrence and extinguishing fire in closed spaces" according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2212262, cl. A 62 C 2/00, in which the oxygen content is measured in a controlled enclosed space, and in the event of a fire, an additional rapid decrease in the oxygen content is achieved to a predetermined full inertization level by introducing an oxygen-removing gas.

However, this technical solution cannot be used in educational institutions.

Known technical solution "Method of suppressing a fire in a building" according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2129891, class. A 62 C 2/10, which consists in evacuating people from the building and blocking all the highways of the building and supplying all the highways and the internal cavity of the building with a gas medium that does not support combustion.

However, this method does not fully envisage means of protecting people during evacuation, the method does not ensure the safety of evacuating people, and therefore cannot be used as a protection system in educational institutions in the event of a fire hazard. In addition, this method is difficult to implement and expensive.

The closest technical solution for the claimed invention is a fire protection system in educational institutions, described in published application RU 94042909, cl. A 42 V 1/04, publ. 07/10/1996.

However, this system does not fully reflect the means of protecting people and their evacuation in the event of a fire or smoke, and therefore it can not be used effectively enough in case of emergency fire situations in educational institutions.

The objective of the present invention is to provide such an easy-to-use and effective in operation fire protection system in educational institutions, which would provide means for detecting tanning, timely notification of a fire, reliable protection of people, their quick and safe evacuation, and provide further initiation of fire extinguishing means.

The task is achieved in that the fire protection system in educational institutions includes means for detecting sunburn and smoke located at various points of the protected object, automatically initiated from the control and security guard and fire control panel, which generates warning signals in the form of sound, light, vibration or combined signals perceived as devices located in the premises of people, as well as on individual elements of furniture, and also once fire extinguishing means and evacuation means placed at various points of the protected object, while there are at least two different types of detection and interacting with the control panel of the detector: thermal and self-contained smoke fire, located in the premises of the longest stay of people and in auxiliary rooms, and also additional manual detectors, configured to promptly generate a signal and transmit it to the control panel, as well as manual individual media tva, moreover, manual detectors and manual individual means are configured to automatically send a return signal to the control panel to automatically turn on the alarm for the direction of evacuation routes and initiate fire extinguishing devices located on the evacuation routes, and individual protective equipment included in the system, made in the form of protective hoods, gas smoke protection kits, additionally equipped with luminous flashlights and luminous sticks, and evacuation tools include folding rescue fir-tree, hinged ladders and sleeves and rescue mattresses fixed to window openings, stacked on staircases. In particular, hand-held individual means are made, for example, in the form of a radio button, while the fire extinguishing means contain modular, water, powder, gas powder installations, as well as self-working modules or fire extinguishing aerosol generators designed for placement in attics and basements.

The fire protection system in educational institutions works as follows.

Each educational institution is equipped with means for detecting tanning and smoke, which allow timely identification of foci of tanning at its initial stage. These tools can be made in the form of sensors - thermal and self-contained smoke detectors, which, when smoke occurs, trigger and transmit information to the control panel, made in the form of a security control and fire alarm device. This device maintains its operability even in the absence of electric voltage in the network due to the availability of a backup power source. Detection tools are located in various rooms for a long stay in classrooms, dining rooms, bedrooms, games rooms, as well as in auxiliary rooms. In addition, the system provides for additional manual fire detectors, configured to quickly generate a signal for transmission to the console. These manual announcers are supplied by the on-duty teachers and guards, as they allow the first to detect any dangerous situation that threatens the health and life of people and children in the institution.

The control and fire alarm device generates a response alarm signal displayed by various sirens that give out light, sound, vibration and combined signals. The sirens are also located in places where people are staying, on evacuation routes, in the premises of duty personnel, security officers, who are additionally equipped with loud-speaking communications. Annunciators can be placed on desks, tables, and in special correctional educational institutions, vibration annunciators place tables, chairs, berths on objects of individual use. In addition, in special correctional educational institutions, students and teachers are provided with individual means of notification, for example, in the form of a radio button, configured to receive a signal from a control panel, emit a vibration or other signal, and send a feedback signal of an individual alarm message to the control panel with notification of the location of the object - the student with a radio button, which later helps to evacuate him from the fire.

Simultaneously with the inclusion of all warning means and devices, the alarm directions of the evacuation routes and the initiation of fire extinguishing devices on the evacuation routes are automatically turned on. Signaling the directions of escape routes can be made in the form of luminous, sound or other signals located in the corridors, on flights of stairs and other convenient shortest escape routes. After receiving a danger signal, people use personal protective equipment for the organs of vision, breathing and skin, made in the form of hoods, gas smoke protection kits, industrial insulating self-rescuers, and in addition, students and teachers are additionally equipped with autonomous lighting with lamps, luminous sticks, as identification tools, and direction signs for evacuation. The fire protection system in educational institutions is equipped with evacuation tools, such as folding rescue ladders, hinged ladders and sleeves, fixed to window openings, as well as rescue mattresses laid on flights of stairs and places of descent in specialized institutions, as well as a set of medical preparations necessary for first aid for victims of fire.

The system includes fire extinguishing means initiated from the control panel, such as self-actuating modules, fire-extinguishing aerosol generators, water, powder, gas-powder fire extinguishing installations, which are located in various places in the premises of the protected object.

The proposed comprehensive fire protection system in educational institutions is developed in accordance with all requirements and standards of fire safety and provides timely and reliable notification of the occurrence of foci of smoke, sunbathing or the occurrence of another dangerous emergency situation in secondary and special education institutions. It allows you to protect and protect students from danger as much as possible and allows you to timely evacuate them from dangerous places of residence.

The system is simple and convenient in operation and reliable in operation, allowing teachers and students to timely avoid the effects of fires and leave the danger zone on their own before the arrival of fire departments, as well as provide first aid to victims.

Claims (3)

1. The fire protection system in educational institutions, including means of detecting sunburn and smoke located at various points of the protected object, automatically initiated from the reception and control security and fire control panel, which generates warning signals in the form of sound, light, vibration or combined signals, perceived as protect devices located in the premises of people’s stay, as well as on individual furniture elements, and also located at various points fire extinguishing equipment and evacuation equipment, while there are at least two different types of detection and interacting with the control panel of the detector, a thermal and self-contained smoke fire, located in the premises of the longest stay of people and in auxiliary rooms, as well as additional manual detectors made with the ability to quickly generate a signal and transmit it to the control panel, as well as manual individual means, moreover, manual detectors and manual e individual means are configured to automatically feed back the signal to the control panel to automatically turn on the alarm for the direction of the evacuation routes and initiate fire extinguishing devices located on the evacuation routes, and the individual protective equipment included in the system, made in the form of protective hoods, gas and smoke protection kits, is additionally equipped with luminous lanterns and luminous sticks, and means of evacuation include folding rescue, hinged stairs, and fasten sleeves and life-saving mattresses to the window openings stacked on the flights of stairs. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the manual individual means are made, for example, in the form of a radio button. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire extinguishing means contain modular, water, powder, gas powder plants, as well as designed for placement in attics and basements, either self-generating modules or fire extinguishing aerosol generators.