RU2235301C1 - Device for testing articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing of ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: device has powder gas-generator, arrangement for testing articles connected with the gas-generator, and system for measuring and recording. The intermediate chamber communicated with the atmosphere is interposed between the arrangement and gas-generator and connected with them. The gas generator is formed by cartridge chamber provided with unitary cartridge, spring-loaded bolt with the trigger mechanism of the unitary cartridge. The baffle provided with through openings over its periphery is mounted in the cartridge chamber in front of the projectile of the unitary cartridge and butts against it.

EFFECT: enhanced safety.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the defense industry, and in particular to installations for testing the performance and strength of parts and assemblies of shells, mines, grenades, launchers (barrels, jet engines, fuses, etc.) loaded during firing. However, it can also be used in other industries where power units and assemblies are developed and manufactured that experience pulsed loads during operation, for example, brake systems in vehicles.

Modern weapons, such as grenade launchers, have a fairly large number of components that are loaded with different forces and levels of action when fired: the shafts and bodies of jet engines operate under high internal pressure of hot powder gases; grenade bodies - under conditions of axial overload, external overpressure of hot powder gases and internal pressure of military equipment; fuses - under conditions of high axial overload, etc.

Obviously, the safety and reliability of the weapon will be largely determined by the reliability of methods for monitoring the strength and performance of its individual components in the process of testing and mass production, and the simplicity and versatility of the controls.

This is especially important when working out, as At this stage, quality criteria for testing and test methods for serial production are determined.

Known methods and devices for testing the components of weapons (products) for strength and performance, according to the authors and the applicant of the proposed invention, either do not reproduce the real nature of their loading during firing, or do not have sufficient versatility both in terms of the nomenclature of the tested products and in plan types of their loads (tests).

For example, a known method of testing the strength of the chambers of jet propellant engines [1], widely used in development and in serial production and selected as an analogue. It is based on loading the products with internal hydraulic pressure created by a hydraulic pump, which slowly pumps the working fluid through the pipeline into the cavity of the tested product, and the pressure level is controlled by a pressure gauge.

Obviously, the analogue allows you to experience a wide range of products, but only with internal excess pressure of the working fluid, however, due to the use of a hydraulic pump, it does not allow reproducing the real dynamics of loading of products by the time it reaches maximum pressure, which, as a rule, is several milliseconds, the duration and the nature of the pressure change and, therefore, does not provide reliable information on the strength of the products.

The real dynamics of loading products with external excess pressure of hot powder gases allows you to reproduce the well-known installation [2], selected by the authors as a prototype.

This installation consists of a device for testing products installed on a test product with an annular radial clearance and equipped with spaced apart nodes of its fastening on the outer surface of the test product, a measuring and recording system and a pressure source made in the form of a powder gas generator, gas-dynamically connected with a device for product testing.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are:

- a narrow scope of its application and, therefore, the need to have a large range of gas generators and test devices, each pair of which can only be used to load external groups of small groups of products that are similar in nature of work, test pressure, external dimensions, configuration, etc. ;

- the need to ensure stable characteristics of each gas generator to carry out a large amount of preliminary work with them on the selection of masses of powder charges and igniters for them, depending on the batches of gunpowder, the frequency of use of gas generators, etc .;

- the need to have large production and storage facilities for the assembly, disassembly, restoration and storage of test equipment, gas generators and powder charges with means of initiation;

- the need to divert large financial and human resources to implement all of the above.

The task to which the invention is directed is to make the installation for testing products as versatile as possible both in terms of the nomenclature of the tested products and in terms of their types of loading, while reproducing the real nature of loading, simplifying the device and operation.

The problem is achieved in that in the installation for testing products containing a powder gas generator, a gas-dynamically associated device for testing products and a measurement and recording system, according to the invention:

- between the device and the powder gas generator there is an intermediate chamber gas-dynamically connected with them and the atmosphere;

- the powder gas generator is formed by a chamber with a unitary cartridge installed in it, drawn in by a bolt with a trigger of the unitary cartridge, while in the chamber in front of the projectile of the unitary cartridge and with a stop there is a partition with through holes along its perimeter passing into the intermediate chamber, the inner diameter of the chamber over the barrel of the cartridge case sleeve to the septum is made larger than the diameter of the shell of the unitary cartridge, and half of the difference in their diameters is less than the minimum size of the powder s charge element unitary cartridge.

In a particular case, an additional powder charge is placed in the intermediate chamber, and its gas-dynamic connection with the atmosphere is formed by a replaceable throttle aperture.

In the particular case, the device for testing products is formed by a smooth or rifled barrel.

In the particular case, the device for testing products is formed by a rod with thickenings at the ends, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the tested tubular products, while the gas-dynamic connection with the intermediate chamber is located between the thickenings, and the thickenings are equipped with sealing elements of their joint with the tested products.

In the particular case, the device for testing products is formed by a blank tank, the cavity of which is larger than the external dimensions of the tested products.

In the particular case, the device for testing products is formed by the test product and a hollow adapter connecting the product mechanically and gasdynamically with an intermediate chamber.

In a particular case, the intermediate chamber is hermetically separated from the device for testing products with an elastic partition, and the cavity of the device for testing products to an elastic partition is filled with working fluid.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, which presents:

- figure 1 installation for testing products, in which the device for testing products is formed by a smooth or rifled barrel;

- figure 2 - callout A in figure 1;

- figure 3, 4, 5 - fragments of installation options with a device for testing products formed by a hollow adapter, a rod with thickenings at the ends and a blank capacity, respectively;

- figure 6 is a fragment of the installation with an elastic partition and a dull tank, providing loading of the test product with pulsed hydraulic pressure.

Installation for testing products (Fig. 1) according to the invention consists of a chamber 1, in which a unitary cartridge 2 is mounted, pushed by a shutter 3 with a trigger mechanism 4 of a unitary cartridge: a striker for a shock capsule or an electric voltage supply device for an electrocapsule of a cartridge.

The projectile 5 of the unitary cartridge 2 abuts against the partition 6 with through holes 7 along its perimeter, passing into the cavity 8 of the intermediate chamber 9, gasdynamically, through the holes 10 connected to the cavity 11 of the device for testing products.

The inner diameter of the chamber 1 above the barrel of the sleeve 12 of the unitary cartridge 2 to the partition 6 is made larger than the outer diameter of the barrel of the sleeve, but the annular gap 13 between them is less than the minimum size of the powder charge elements 14 of the unitary cartridge 2.

An additional powder charge 15 can be installed in the cavity 8 of the intermediate chamber 9 and it is equipped with a replaceable throttle hole 16 connecting it to the atmosphere and made in a threaded plug 17 screwed into the wall of the intermediate chamber.

Depending on the type and nature of loading of the tested products, a device for testing them can be formed:

- smooth or rifled barrel 18, from which a projectile is fired (grenade, mine or their overall weight simulators with the tested product, such as a fuse) 19 (figure 1). In this device, the barrel is loaded with real internal overpressure of hot powder gases, and the projectile 19 and its elements are loaded with axial load and external overpressure of hot powder gases;

- a hollow adapter 20 connecting the test product 21 in the form of a power cylinder with a bottom with an intermediate chamber 9 (figure 3). In this device, the test product is loaded with real internal overpressure of the hot powder gases;

- rod 22 with bulges 23 and 24 at the ends (figure 4). In this device, the tubular test article 25, for example, the barrel, is mounted on the thickenings 23 and 24, sealed with rubber rings 26 and loaded with real internal excess pressure of the hot powder gases entering through openings 27, for example, made in the thickening 24 adjacent to the intermediate chamber 9, from the cavity 8 of the intermediate chamber 9;

- deaf capacity 28, which houses the test product 29, which is loaded with real external excess pressure of the hot powder gases (figure 5);

- a deaf container 28, in which the test product 29 is placed, which is loaded with real external excess hydraulic pressure from the side of the working fluid, poured into the cavity 11 and held in it by an elastic, for example, rubber partition - diaphragm 30, which tightly separates the cavity 11 of the container 28 from the cavity 8 of the intermediate chamber 9 (Fig.6). The use of a working fluid and an elastic diaphragm makes it possible to more accurately determine the time and level of fracture pressure of the tested product.

Obviously, the elastic diaphragm and the working fluid can be used in the devices shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In these embodiments, the elastic diaphragm will be located between the intermediate chamber 9 and the hollow adapter 21 and between the intermediate chamber 9 and the bulge 24, respectively.

The system for measuring and recording the loading parameters of the tested products in the installation is represented mainly by pressure sensors 31 located on the intermediate chamber 9 and the device for testing products (they can also be installed on the tested product). The sensors are electrically connected through a matching device to a registrar, for example, a computer complex based on an IBM PC computer (not shown).

Installation for testing products can be mounted on a gun carriage or test slip using clamps covering the gas generator 1 or the intermediate chamber 9 (not shown).

Preparation of the installation for operation consists in sequential connection, for example, by threading, to the intermediate chamber 9 of the chamber 1 and one of the devices for testing products: 18 (Fig. 1), 20 and 21 (Fig. 3), 22 (Fig. 4) and 28 (FIGS. 5 and 6).

Before that:

- in the cavity 8 of the intermediate chamber 9, if necessary, place an additional powder charge 15 and screw the screw plug 17 with the necessary throttle hole 16 corresponding to the test mode;

- install the projectile 19 in the barrel 18 (Fig. 1) or attach the hollow adapter 21 (Fig. 3) to the test product 20, or put on the barrel (pipe) 25 on the thickenings 23 and 24 of the shaft 22 (Fig. 4), or in the cavity 11 of the blank container 28 place the test article 29 (FIGS. 5 and 6);

- in the intermediate chamber 9 from the side of the deaf container 28 (FIG. 6), an elastic partition - diaphragm 30 is installed. After screwing the deaf container 28 into the intermediate chamber 9 through the hole for the sensors 31 (6), the working fluid is poured into the cavity 11.

Then, the sensors 31 are screwed into the intermediate chamber (Fig. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6) and into the device for testing products: into the barrel 18 (Fig. 1), or into an adapter 21 (Fig. 3), or into a thickening 23 rod 22 (figure 4), or in a blank container 28 (figures 5 and 6) and install the unitary cartridge 2 in the chamber 1 and fasten it with a shutter 3.

The operation of the installation is as follows.

When the trigger mechanism 4 of the shutter 3 is activated, the powder charge 14 of the unitary cartridge 2 is ignited and presses (deforms) the barrel 12 of the sleeve of the unitary cartridge by pressing it against the inner surface of the cartridge chamber 1 and opening the annular gap 13 (Fig. 2) between it and the projectile 5, through which the powder gases flow into the chamber and through the openings 7 in the partition 6 enter the cavity 8 of the intermediate chamber 9, where the additional powder charge 15 is ignited. Then the powder gases from the combustion of both powder charges 14 and 15 partially discharge sucked into the atmosphere through the throttle hole 16, and in the bulk through the holes 10 in the intermediate chamber 9 enter the cavity 11 of the barrel 18 (figure 1), or the test product 20 and the hollow adapter 21 (figure 3), or the test product 25 and the rod 22 with bulges 23 and 24 (figure 4), or a blank tank 28 (figure 5), where they carry out the loading of the tested parts 19, 20, 25 and 29 overpressure.

In the device of FIG. 6, the powder gases first act on the diaphragm and, through it, pressure is first transferred to the working fluid, and then, under the hydraulic pressure, it is applied to the test article 29.

During installation operation, operating parameters in cavities 8 and 11 are measured by pressure sensors or other, for example, strain gauges, recorded by recording equipment, and then a conclusion is made on the quality of the tested products.

Installation for testing products according to the invention favorably differs from known devices used for the same purpose:

- it uses the same gas generator, the powder charge of which is formed by the powder charge of the unitary cartridge, paired with test devices that provide different types of loading for the tested products: external and internal pressure of hot powder gases and working fluid, axial overload, etc. d .;

- the powder charge of a standard unitary cartridge provides the installation with high stability characteristics, because these cartridges are airtight, mass-produced in specialized enterprises, and the charge mass is selected from the condition of providing them with a strict demand for energy intensity;

- the radial clearance between the chamber and the outer surface of the cartridge shell (or projectile and the inner surface of the cartridge shell) is smaller than the minimum size of the powder elements of the charge of the unitary cartridge, allows you to maintain the stability of its combustion, because prevents the removal of powder elements from the liner into the chamber to their reliable ignition or combustion to the desired value;

- the intermediate chamber with an adjustable (interchangeable) throttle hole allows you to place an additional powder charge in the installation and reliably ignite it and this ensures the necessary level and nature of the change in the loading parameters of the tested products, which is especially important for the destruction of the latter and determination of their strength reserves, as well as for large volumes of devices for testing products and small volumes of tested products;

- the use of a working fluid as a medium for transferring the loading parameters from hot powder gases to the test product due to the incompressibility of the fluid allows more accurately determine the failure parameters of the test product (pressure and fracture time) and causes the use of an elastic partition between the product testing device and the intermediate chamber.

Sources of information

1. V.D. Kurov, Yu.M. Dolzhansky. The basics of the design of powder rocket shells. - M .: Oborongiz, 1961, p. 276.

2. RF patent No. 2106613, cl. G 01 M 7/00, F 42 V 35/00, 1998.

Claims (7)

1. Installation for testing products containing a powder gas generator, a gas-dynamically associated device for testing products and a measurement and registration system, characterized in that between the powder gas generator and device for testing products there is a gas chamber dynamically associated with them and the atmosphere, and a powder gas generator formed by a chamber with a unitary cartridge installed in it, a preloaded shutter with the trigger of the unitary cartridge, while in the chamber in front of the projectile and with an emphasis in it, a baffle is placed with through holes along its perimeter extending into the intermediate chamber, and the inner diameter of the chamber above the barrel of the cartridge case of the unitary cartridge to the baffle is made larger than the diameter of the shell of the unitary cartridge, and half of the difference in their diameters is less than the minimum powder size charge elements of a unitary cartridge. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for testing products is formed by a smooth or rifled barrel. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for testing products is formed by a blank capacity, the internal volume of which is greater than the external volume of the tested products. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for testing products is formed by a rod with thickenings at the ends, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the test tubular product, while its gas-dynamic connection with the intermediate chamber is located between the thickenings, and the thickenings are equipped with sealing elements of their joint with the test product. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for testing products is formed by a hollow adapter connecting the test product with the intermediate chamber mechanically and gasdynamically. 6. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an additional powder charge is placed in the intermediate chamber, and its gas-dynamic connection with the atmosphere is formed by a replaceable throttle aperture. 7. Installation according to any one of claims 1, 3-6, characterized in that the intermediate chamber is hermetically separated from the device for testing products with an elastic partition, and the cavity of the device for testing products to an elastic partition is filled with a working fluid.

Images