RU2232367C1 - Water cooling tower - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: contact heat-exchange apparatuses.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertinent to the contact heat-exchange apparatuses, and may be used in the systems of circulating water supply. The water cooling tower contains: a housing with the air-intake windows, a system of distribution of a cooled heat-transfer agent, a sprinkler with a top and a bottom stages having a volumetric lattice-type structure, a tank for collection of the cooled heat-transfer agent and placed in the lower part of the housing. Each of stages of the sprinkler has a hackle-type form, and the system of distribution of the cooled heat-transfer agent provides its delivery upward with the help of sprinkling members, which are placed under apexes of the heckles of the upper stage of the sprinkler and above pits of the lower stage of the sprinkler. At that under the pits of the lower stage of the sprinkler some verticals with the sprinkling members there are launders for collection of the cooled heat-transfer agent. A ventilating fan may be installed in the upper part of the housing. The invention allows to improve the heat exchange by enlarging of the surface of sprinkling and exclusion of saturation of the air participating in the heat exchange with a moisture at the expense of the cooled heat-transfer agent (water) collected in the launders, and also to increase productivity of the water-cooling tower at the expense of installation of the ventilating fan in its upper part.

EFFECT: the invention allows to increase heat-exchange and productivity of the water-cooling tower, to exclude saturation of the working air with water.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to contact heat exchangers, and can be used in water recycling systems of thermal power plants, enterprises of various industries.

From (1), a cooling tower is known that contains a housing in the form of a vertical tower with an air intake window, a water distribution system, water trapping elements in the form of perforated ribs, through which pipes for the circulation of refrigerant are passed through the porous coating material. Gutters for collecting moisture are installed under adjacent corners of the water-catching elements, which communicate with the pipeline for draining the liquid into the tank; a fan is located in the upper part of the tower of the cooling tower, which creates a vacuum in the tower of the tower. The water supply from the water distribution system is carried out downward, which leads to mixing of the cooled water flows and the collected moisture entering the gutters, which reduces the performance of the cooling tower. At the same time, its main purpose is to capture moisture drops, and not intensive cooling of the water coming from the water distribution system.

From (2), a counterflow fan tower is known, comprising a casing with two irrigation tiers, with a central air supply pipe and with air intake windows. A tray for collecting chilled water is placed in the lower part of the casing, and a fan and a water-spraying device are placed in the upper part of the casing above the irrigation tiers, which supplies the cooled water down to the upper tier sprinkler.

This cooling tower virtually eliminates the mixing of flows supplied to the cooling and chilled water flowing into the pan, however, has a rather complicated design.

From (3), a small-sized cooling tower is known that contains a housing with air intake windows and with upper and lower tiers of the sprinkler, between which a distribution system for the cooled coolant is located. In the lower part of the housing there is a reservoir for collecting the cooled coolant, and a fan is installed in the side wall of the housing. This cooling tower implements a scheme for supplying water from a water distribution system, in which the nozzle spray torch is directed to the upper tier of the irrigator located above the water distribution system. At the same time, part of the prism of the upper tier of the irrigator, located above the upper point of the spray jet, serves as a droplet eliminator, due to which the water loss caused by drip entrainment does not exceed 0.01%.

It should be noted that in this cooling tower, water droplets pass a double path in the sprinkler during multiple crushing and have a zero speed at the upper point, essentially freezing in the air. Such a water supply scheme increases the mass transfer coefficient by at least 1.5 times. This cooling tower is characterized by simplicity of design.

This decision was taken as a prototype of the present invention as the closest to it in terms of the number of common features and achieved technical result.

The disadvantages of the cooling tower, taken as a prototype, are as follows. The water distribution system in such a cooling tower is hidden inside the housing and visually inaccessible, which prevents its control during operation, for example, in the event of clogging. In addition, blowing from the bottom due to the installation of a fan on the side of the tower body reduces its performance. The air supplied by the fan to the sprinkler is saturated with moisture in front of the sprinkler, which reduces the efficiency of evaporative cooling. The air supplied by the fan to the sprinkler is saturated with moisture in front of the fan, which reduces the efficiency of evaporative cooling.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to improve heat transfer by increasing the irrigation surface and eliminating the saturation of the air involved in heat exchange with moisture by collecting cooled coolant (water) in the gutters.

An additional technical result is to increase the power of the tower due to the installation of a fan in its upper part

The technical task is solved due to the fact that in the tower containing the housing with air intake windows, the distribution system of the cooled coolant, the upper and lower tiers of the sprinkler having a volumetric lattice structure, and a reservoir for collecting the cooled coolant located in the lower part of the housing, each according to the invention a comb shape is made of the irrigation tiers, the distribution system of the cooled coolant is made to ensure its upward flow using spray elements, which placed under the tops of the crests of the upper tier of the sprinkler and over the troughs of the lower tier of the sprinkler, while under the troughs of the lower tier of the sprinkler, gutters for collecting the cooled coolant are installed along vertical lines with spray elements. A fan may be located at the top of the chassis.

The spraying elements are made in the form of nozzles of a jet-spraying type.

The irrigator tiers are made of prisms located at an angle from 0 to 90 ° to the irrigator ridges.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the proposed tower in a vertical section.

The cooling tower comprises a housing 1, in which the upper and lower tiers 2 and 3 of comb-shaped irrigators are placed, having a volumetric lattice structure, between which the distribution system 4 of the cooled coolant with spray elements 5 is placed. The spray elements can be made in the form of spray-type nozzles. Under the depressions 6 of the lower tier 3 of the irrigator, grooves 7 are installed to collect the cooled coolant after it passes through the irrigator. In the lower part of the housing there is a reservoir 8 for collecting the cooled coolant, and air intake windows 9 are made in the walls. A fan 10 can be installed in the upper part of the housing.

Each layer of the sprinkler is made of prisms 11, which are stacked at an angle to the ridges of the sprinkler. This angle can be 0-90 ° (FIG. 2).

The cooling tower works as follows. Heated coolant (water) using the system 4 of its distribution and spraying devices 5 is fed to the upper tier 2 of the sprinkler, made, for example, of regular hollow trihedral prisms 11 with a lattice side surface. Since water is supplied from bottom to top, in the upper tier 2 of the irrigator, water droplets reach zero velocity at the upper point of the trajectory of their movement, and then begin to move down the inclined surfaces of the upper tier 2 of the irrigator, condensing in its “ridges”. Further, water droplets fall on the lower tier 3 of the sprinkler and flow down the inclined surfaces of its “ridges” into the gutter 7 with a “narrow” flow rather than “rain”, and therefore the air entering through the air ducts 9 is not saturated with moisture, which increases the cooling efficiency coolant. In the grooves 7 holes are made for the removal of the cooled coolant (water) into the reservoir 8. The fan 10 creates a vacuum in the casing 1 of the tower through the intake windows 9.

The cooling tower can operate without fan in ejector mode. The best result is achieved if the heat transfer water distribution system has a pressure of 2-3 kg / cm ² and the distribution system has spray elements made in the form of jet-centrifugal nozzles.

The advantages of this invention in comparison with the known solutions are in increasing the cooling efficiency and in reducing the aerodynamic drag with the same dimensions of the tower due to the implementation of the tiers of the comb irrigation shape, which leads to an increase in the irrigation surface (evaporation) and to a decrease in the amount of coolant per unit area of the sprinkler, as well as an increase in the contact time of the cooled coolant (water), since with an oblique movement of the “films” of water along inclined surfaces m of the sprinkler, the path for the dripping drops increases and the speed of their movement decreases. In addition, as noted above, the air supplied to the lower tier 3 of the sprinkler has lower humidity due to the concentration of the flow of cooled coolant (water) flowing into the trough 7.

Sources of information

1. SU 1086343 A, 04/15/1984.

2. SU 1673817 A1, 08.30.1991.

3. Small-sized cooling tower “Dewdrop”. TU 3113-001-400745.92-99.

Claims (5)

1. A cooling tower comprising a casing with air intake windows, a distribution system of a cooled coolant made to ensure its supply upward using spray elements, the upper and lower tiers of the sprinkler having a volumetric lattice structure, and a reservoir for collecting the cooled coolant located in the lower part of the casing, characterized in that each of the tiers of the irrigator is comb-shaped, the spray elements are located under the tops of the ridges of the upper tier of the irrigator and over the troughs of the lower tier of ositelya, the troughs beneath the lower tier of one sprinkler verticals with the spray elements mounted trough for collecting the cooled coolant. 2. The cooling tower according to claim 1, characterized in that a fan is located in the upper part of the housing. 3. The cooling tower according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spray elements are made in the form of nozzles of a jet-spray type. 4. Cooling tower according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the irrigator tiers are made of prisms. 5. Cooling tower according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the prisms are located at an angle of 0-90 ° to the ridges of the sprinkler.

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