RU2231593C1 - Method of breaking ice cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; avoidance of rise of water in rivers at thawing of ice.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes making holes in ice followed by power action on ice cover. Electrodes are immersed through holes. Power action is formed by means of high-voltage discharges fed in turn between electrode pairs. When number of holes is odd, electrical discharges are fed in turn between even electrodes and adjacent odd electrodes.

EFFECT: reduced consumption of labor required for breaking ice cover; enhanced productivity; possibility of breaking ice cover of any thickness.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and can be used to prevent rising water levels in rivers when ice melts.

Known methods for the destruction of the ice cover, which have a mechanical force on the ice cover (see, for example, RF patent No. 2113580, IPC E 02 B 15/02 "Device for the destruction of ice", published on 05/20/1998, B.I. No. 33).

The known method does not allow to destroy ice of large thickness. In addition, during the destruction of ice, mechanical devices wear out. In difficult ice conditions, the failure of the working body is almost impossible to fix.

Closer in technical essence and adopted as a prototype is a method of breaking the ice cover, in which the ice is broken by placing a flexible shell under the ice and feeding a gas mixture into it (see, for example, RF patent No. 21114424, IPC E 03 B 15 / 02 "Method for the destruction of ice cover", published on 08.27.1998, BI No. 24).

The disadvantage of this method is that the destruction of ice to produce using it is difficult. A large set of special tools is required, in particular a flexible cavity, an apparatus for creating pressure. To enter the cavity under the ice, it is necessary to drill large holes, which also requires a special drilling rig. In the presence of under-ice currents, the shell is difficult to hold in place. In addition, for the destruction of ice requires a long period of time, and the result of exposure may be negative.

The aim of this invention is to reduce the complexity of the destruction of ice, increase productivity and provide the ability to guarantee the destruction of ice jams of any thickness.

To achieve this result in the known method of breaking the ice cover, which consists in making holes in the ice with subsequent force acting on the ice cover, according to the invention, the electrodes are lowered into the holes below the water level, and the force action is created using high-voltage electric discharges alternately supplied between the pairs electrodes.

In an embodiment of the method, an odd number of holes is performed at an equal distance from each other, and the discharges are alternately supplied between the even electrodes and adjacent odd holes.

The process of destruction of the ice cover, which consists in making an even number of holes in the ice, followed by lowering the pairs of electrodes below the water level, and the force action, which is created using high-voltage electric discharges alternately between the pairs of electrodes, reduces the diameter of the holes, which eliminates the need to use special drilling equipment and speed up the drilling process. Since it does not take a lot of effort to lower the electrodes under the ice, this also allows you to increase the pace of work. The number of pulses can be arbitrarily large, and the intervals between pulses are several seconds, which also helps to increase the speed of work. Pulse energy is also relatively simple to adjust by changing the voltage and current magnitude. This determines the guaranteed destruction of ice of almost any thickness.

When performing an odd number of holes at an equal distance from each other, with alternate supply of pulses between even electrodes and adjacent odd ones, the appearance of gaps between areas with destroyed ice is eliminated.

The claimed invention is illustrated by two drawings.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an ice sheet destruction system with an even number of electrodes.

Figure 2 shows a fragment of a circuit diagram with an odd number of electrodes.

The destruction of the ice cover according to the above method is as follows. In the ice cover 1 (Fig. 1), pairs of small diameter holes 2 located close to each other are drilled, sufficient to insert electric conductors 3 into them, ending with bare electrodes 4. The electrodes are lowered into the water under ice. Conductors 3 are connected to a source of high-voltage pulses 5 through a pulse distributor 6. Using a voltage regulator 7, a voltage is set, the magnitude of which depends on the thickness of the ice 1. Using a switch 8, the repetition rate of the high-voltage pulses is set. Then turn on the installation. When turned on, the voltage is distributed between the pairs of wires 3 by the pulse distributor 6. Each time between one of the pairs of electrodes 4 a high voltage pulse appears, causing an electric arc between them. The duration of the pulse is a fraction of a second, the voltage can reach, for example, 150 kV or more, and the current from 10 to 100 A and is set depending on the thickness of the ice. An electric arc instantly creates local heating of water with the formation of steam. As a result, the pressure in the region between the electrodes increases rapidly.

An explosive underwater wave forms that destroys ice. The pulse power and the power of the blast wave can be adjusted during operation. Impulses follow in a certain order. As a result, the destruction of ice occurs along the entire length between the extreme electrodes.

The energy consumed in the destruction of ice is small, and the set of electrical equipment can be placed on a small mobile installation. A high-voltage pulse generator can be formed on the principles of ballasts used for gas discharge lamps, for example, xenon lamps (see: A reference book on lighting engineering / Aisenberg AE - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1983, p. 148). True, the power and voltage of the installation should be higher.

In an embodiment of the method, the holes are drilled at an equal distance from each other. The number of holes is an odd number (figure 2). High voltage pulses are alternately applied between the even electrodes 9 and the odd 3. This forms a continuous strip of destroyed ice.

Claims (2)

1. The method of destruction of the ice cover, which consists in making holes in the ice cover with subsequent force impact on the ice cover, characterized in that the electrodes are lowered into the water through the holes under the ice, and the force effect is created using high-voltage electric discharges alternating between the pairs electrodes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an odd number of holes are made at an equal distance from each other, and electrical discharges are alternately supplied between even electrodes and adjacent odd ones.

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