RU2230398C1 - Superconductor jumper-switch with magnetically controlled inductive superc onductor energy storage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power-energy pulse engineering. SUBSTANCE: superconductor jumper-switch built of high-temperature superconductors and magnetically controlled inductive superconductor energy storage mainly of toroidal shape which is designed to feed pulse loads such as inductive ones through intermediate multiple-stage capacitive oscillator has main winding built around high-temperature superconductor film bands enclosed by low-temperature electric insulation, wound in bifilar manner on tubular former, and provided with ducts for passing coolant from cryorefrigerator communicating via heat-insulated pipelines carrying enhanced-inlet-temperature coolant with internal part of inlet and outlet coolant manifolds. It also has external winding coaxial with main one which is wound of stranded wire with high-temperature superconductor film onto heat-insulated tubular former and provided with ducts for passing coolant from cryorefrigerator communicating via heat-insulated pipelines carrying reduced-outlet-temperature coolant with external part of inlet and outlet coolant manifolds. Main and control windings are placed in cryostat. Main winding leads are connected to winding leads of inductive superconductor energy storage and to outputs of its charger in the form of mainly constant charging power converter. In addition superconductor jumper-switch has power supply for control winding incorporating storage capacitor with switches controlling its two unlike-polarity push-pull converters of practically constant output current, as well as control unit. EFFECT: reduced mass and cost of jumper-switch and associated equipment; reduced power requirement. 2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electric power pulsed technology and relates to superconducting jumper keys (SKP) from high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) with magnetic control of the operation of a superconducting inductive storage (SPIN) of predominantly toroidal type, designed to power pulsed loads, for example, inductive load through an intermediate multi-stage capacitive generator ( figure 1, 2, 3, 4).

Known superconducting jumper key with thermal control, containing the main superconducting winding, wound bifilarly on a cylindrical frame together with a heating coil of thermal control, which are placed in a cryostat and connected by heat-insulated pipelines with a cryogenic installation / 1 /.

The advantage of such SKP is its simplicity and relatively small mass and volume.

Its main drawback is the need for a relatively long time to cool the main superconducting winding after transferring it from the superconducting to the resistive state again to the superconducting state for low-power switches from one to several minutes, and for high-power high-power switches to several tens of minutes / 2, 1 / . This drawback limits the functionality of thermal control of the SPIN operation only by feeding it with current to the “frozen” flow mode.

Also known is a superconducting jumper key with magnetic control designed for superconducting diodes, thyristors and inverters based on them and containing two coaxial solenoids wound with tapes of high-temperature superconducting films.

The internal main solenoid is power, and the external - control / 2 /. The solenoids are placed in a cryostat and equipped with cooling channels connected by heat-insulated pipelines with a cryorefrigerator installation.

The advantage of such an SKP is its increased speed, since the recovery time of the superconducting properties of the main internal power solenoid after turning off the current in the control solenoid is about one millisecond / 2 /. With the parameters given in / 2 / of such an SCR from yttrium-barium HTSC films: critical magnetic induction V _cr = 12 T at zero transport current and critical current density j _cr ≈ 1 · 10 ^-9 A / m ² , which is possible only at temperature of cooling HTSC films of the order of 85 K / 3 /, the field of application of the SCR is limited only by the above goals for relatively low-power superconducting devices, designed for current of the order of 25 A or less.

However, when using bismuth-containing HTSC films in SKP solenoids, the well-known bifilar method of winding tapes of the main power solenoid / 1 / and a higher working temperature of HTSC solenoid films. Such UPC with magnetic control can be used to control the operation of the SPIN and in this case serve as the basis for the next closest analogue or prototype of the invention.

Closest to the proposed invention is a superconducting jumper key with magnetic control of the operation of a superconducting inductive energy storage device containing (see Figs. 8 and 9) a main bifilar coil 1 based on films or tapes of a high-temperature superconductor, surrounded by low-temperature electrical insulation and wound bifilarly onto a cylindrical tubular frame 2, and provided with channels 3 for the flow of the refrigerant cryorefrigerator installation, connected by insulated pipelines 4 'with the inlet m 5 and output 6 collectors of refrigerant, coaxial with the main control winding 7 of a stranded wire with high-temperature superconductors wound on a cylindrical tube frame 2 ', and equipped with channels 3 for the flow of the refrigerant refrigerant installation, coaxial main 1 and control 7 windings are placed in a cryostat 8 with internal and external walls 8.1, between which thermal insulation 8.2 and power supports are located, the conclusions of the main winding 1 are connected to the terminals a and b of the winding of the superconducting inductive the feeder 9 is mainly of the toroidal type and to the outputs of its charger 10 mainly on the basis of a converter with constant charging power, the input terminals of which are connected to the buses of the power supply 11, the terminals of the control winding 7 are connected to the outputs of the power supply device 12 through the current sensor DT, and the refrigeration unit connected by thermally insulated pipelines 4 to the winding of the superconducting inductive storage 9, and the control inputs and outputs of the power supply device 12 of the control winding 7, for yadnogo device 10 superconducting inductive storage 9 and the current sensors, voltage and temperature are connected to the respective outputs and inputs of the control unit / 4 /.

The disadvantages of such a basic prototype device / 4 /: the unacceptably large mass of the magnetic control winding 7, and hence the mass of the UPC, and the excessively large mass and cost of its high-temperature superconductors (HTSC), as well as the relatively large power consumed by it from the power supply 11.

For example, for bismuth HTSC with a critical temperature of 105,75 K and the mass density of 3790 kg / m ^3/5 / when: its operating temperature of 99 K; energy stored in the toroidal SPIN9 W _9M = 5 mJ; the minimum magnetic induction of the control winding is 7 B _YOmin = 6.8 T in the region where the main winding 1 is located, at which the HTSC films of the entire main winding pass from the superconducting to the resistive state; critical density of the transport current in HTSC films at zero magnetic induction j _plc (0) = 1 · 10 ⁹ A / m ² ; maximum magnetic induction in the control winding 7 V _muo > 10 T, which corresponds to the current density / 5 / in the VT of its HTSC films

where p = 1.36 ± 0.01 - experimentally obtained coefficient / 5 /;

working current density j _plr ≈ 1.13 · 10 ⁷ A / m ² ; the average radius of the control winding is 6.261 m and the maximum current in the control winding is 7 1000 A, the total mass of the UPC was 318.8 or 137.4 tons with the mass of the control winding 7 257.5 or 92.63 tons for the copper and aluminum matrix in it, respectively, and the mass of HTSC is 12.43 tons. At the same time, the maximum power consumed by SKP was 107.84 kW.

The technical result or object of the invention is to reduce the mass and cost of a superconducting jumper key with associated equipment by reducing the mass and cost of the control winding 7 and reducing the power consumed by it from the electric power source 11.

1. The technical result or object of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a superconducting jumper wire with magnetic control of the operation of a superconducting inductive energy storage device containing (see FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4) a main bifilar winding 1 based on tapes of high-temperature superconductor films surrounded by low-temperature electrical insulation and wound bifilarly on a cylindrical tube frame 2, and provided with channels 3 for the flow of the refrigerant cryorefrigerator unit connected by heat-insulated pipes 4 'with input 5 and output 6 collectors of refrigerant, coaxial with the main 1 external control winding 7 of multi-channel wire with high-temperature superconductors wound on a cylindrical frame 2', and equipped with channels 3 for the refrigerant ducts of the refrigeration unit, coaxial main 1 and control 7 windings with collectors of the refrigeration unit are placed in a cryostat 8 with inner and outer walls 8.1, between which thermal insulation 8.2 and power supports are placed, the conclusions of the main winding 1 are connected to the terminals a and b rpm the slots of the superconducting inductive drive 9 are mainly of the toroidal type and to the outputs of its charging device 10, the input terminals of which are connected to the buses of the electric power source 11, the conclusions of the control winding 7 through the current sensor DT are connected to the outputs of the power supply device 12, and the cryorefrigeration unit is connected by heat-insulated pipelines 4 s winding of the superconducting inductive storage 9 and is equipped with separate pipelines 4 'with a coolant output temperature greater than that of pipelines 4 cooling the windings of the superconducting inductive storage 9, and the control inputs and outputs of the power supply device 12 of the control winding 7, the charging device 10 of the superconducting inductive storage 9 and the current, voltage and temperature sensors are connected to the corresponding outputs and inputs of the control unit, input 5 and output 6 of the refrigerant collector are divided the diametrical partition formed by the continuation of the tubular frame 2 'with thermal insulation of the winding control 7 on the outer 5, 6 and inner 5', 6 'parts, the first of which knitted with heat-insulated pipelines 4 with a lowered outlet temperature of the refrigerant, and the other with separate pipelines 4 with an increased outlet temperature of the refrigerant, while the power supply device 12 of the control winding 7 includes a capacitive storage 12.1, the conclusions of which are connected through 12.2 and 12.2 ' fully controllable keys of one-sided conductivity are connected to the terminals of the control winding 7, shunted by blocking direct-connected direct 12.3 and reverse 12.3 'fully parallel control with single-sided conductivity keys, and two chargers 12.4 and 12.4 'of capacitive storage 12.1, the bipolar outputs of which are connected through decoupling diodes or thyristors 12.5 and 12.5' to the terminals of capacitive storage 12.1, the inputs of charging devices 12.4 and 12.4 'are connected to the buses of the electric power source 11, as well as two converters 12.6 and 12.6 'of practically unchanged output current with bipolar outputs, each of which contains a low-voltage part in the form of a bridge circuit on four low-voltage fully controllable switches double-sided conductivity 12.6.1-12.6.4 and a metering capacitor 12.6.5 in the diagonal of the bridge circuit, and the high-voltage part in the form of a diode 12.6.6, the anodes of two controlled keys 12.6.1, 12.6.3 of the bridge circuit are connected to one of the outputs of the converter 12.6 .7 the voltage of the source 11 of electric power, and the cathodes of the other controlled keys 12.6.2, 12.6.4 of the bridge circuit with the cathode of the high-voltage diode 12.6.6 and through the decoupling thyristor 12.6.8 with one of the terminals of the control winding 7, the other terminal of the converter 12.6.7 the voltage of the source of electricity 11 is connected to the anode 12.6.6-voltage diode and the other terminal of the control winding 7.

2. An additional technical result or purpose of the invention is to reduce the Joule energy losses in the main winding 1 and the associated refrigeration capacity of the cryorefrigerator installation and the power consumed by it from the power supply 11 when charging and recharging the superconducting inductive storage 9 by the fact that in the superconducting jumper wire with magnetic control of the operation of the superconducting inductive energy storage device according to claim 1, the charger 10 of the superconducting inductive energy storage device GII is made in the form of a converter of basically constant charging power, containing an adjustable converter 10.1 averaged over the period of the output voltage of a rectangular shape with a transformer output 10.2, for example, an adjustable frequency inverter, and hence the output voltage, or an inverter according to a half-bridge circuit (see Fig. .4a and 4b), the output voltage of which is regulated by pulse-width modulation, and a single-phase two-phase rectifier 10.3 on two diodes 1-.3.1 and 10.3.2, the secondary winding of the transformer 10.2 r adjustable converter 10.1 is equipped with a tap from its midpoint, the extreme terminals of the secondary winding of the said transformer through diodes 10.3.1 and 10.3.2 of a single-phase two-phase bridge rectifier 10.3 are connected to one of the terminals of the winding of the superconducting inductive storage 9, and the other terminal of the winding of the latter is connected through a decoupling thyristor 10.4 with tap from the midpoint of the secondary winding of the transformer 10.2 adjustable converter.

On figa and 1b presents a structural diagram of the proposed superconducting jumper key with magnetic control of the operation of the superconducting inductive energy storage device according to the invention.

Figure 2 shows the functional diagram of the proposed UPC with magnetic control of the operation of the SPIN according to the invention, which shows the relationship between the elements of the UPC and the latter with the winding SPIN9.

Figure 3 presents a detailed functional diagram of a device 12 for supplying the control winding 7 of the proposed UPC according to the invention.

Fig. 4a shows a detailed diagram of a SPIN9 charger 10 of a converter type 10 of substantially constant charging power based on an adjustable converter 1 of a square-shaped output voltage averaged over a period with a transformer output in which the averaged output voltage is controlled by pulse modulation.

On figb and 5b presents a graphical dependence of the averaged and output voltage U _{Tr of the} transformer 10.2 of the adjustable Converter 10.1 in Fig.4A and the charge current i _{9 of the} toroidal SPIN from the device 10 in Fig.4A from time t. On it are indicated:

U _TPM - maximum constant voltage output from the time t = 0 to time t = t start charge _OH SPIN9 constant charging power P = P _{TRN z9} = I _9m U _TRN = const;

i _Он and I _9m - SPIN charge current at the moment of the beginning of the charge of its constant charging power (at time t = t _о ) and the maximum SPIN charge current at the end of its charge (t = t _Зк = t _зм ) of constant charging power;

U _tk - the output voltage of transformer 10.2 of adjustable 10.1 converter 10.1 at the end of charge SPIN9 of constant charging power (at t = t _zk ), and

- the rated output voltage of the transformer at a steady maximum charge current SPIN9 i ₉ = I _9m = const from t = t _sm until the main winding 1 of the UPC passes from the resistor to the superconducting state lasting from tenths of a second to several seconds 1 at U _FM and U _FT1 - threshold voltage of the diode 10.2.1 or 10.2.2 single-phase two-phase rectifier (OTDFV) 10.3 and decoupling thyristor 10.3, and their differential resistance r _dD and r _dt, respectively.

1. The proposed SKP with magnetic control of the operation of SPIN9 of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 contains the main bifilar winding 1 based on tapes of high-temperature superconductor films surrounded by low-temperature electrical insulation, for example, polyethylene or fluoroplastic-4, and wound bifilar to a cylindrical tubular frame 2 and equipped with channels 3 for the refrigerant duct of a cryorefrigerator installation connected by heat-insulated pipelines 4 'with an increased outlet temperature of the refrigerant with the inner part of the inlet 5' and the outlet nd 6 'coolant reservoir bounded by a diametrical extension of the cylindrical metallic tube 2 of the main winding 1 and the diametral extension of the tubular outer frame 2 of the control winding 7; coaxial with the main 1 control winding 7 from a stranded wire with high-temperature superconducting films, wound on a tube frame 2 'with heat insulation, and equipped with channels for the refrigerant duct of the cryorefrigeration unit, connected by heat-insulated pipelines 4 with a lower output temperature of the refrigerant to the outer part of the input 5 and output 6 refrigerant manifolds; coaxial main 1 and control 7 windings with refrigerant collectors are placed in a cryostat 8 with internal and external walls 8.1, between which there are 8.2 thermal insulation and power supports. The terminals of the main winding 1 are connected to the terminals a and b of the winding of the superconducting inductive storage 9 of predominantly toroidal type and to the inputs of its charging device 10 predominantly based on a converter with constant charging power, the input terminals of which are connected to the buses of the power supply 11. The conclusions of the control winding 7 through a current sensor DT are connected to the outputs of the device 12 of its power supply, which includes a capacitive storage device 12.1, the conclusions of which are connected through the parallel connected direct 12.2 and reverse 12.2 'keys of one-sided conductivity with the conclusions of the control winding 7, shunted by blocking parallel connected direct 12.3 and reverse 12.3 'fully controllable keys of one-sided conductivity, and two chargers 12.4 and 12.4' of capacitive storage 12.1, the bipolar outputs of which are Res decoupling diodes or thyristors 12.5 and 12.5 'are connected to the terminals of the capacitive storage 12.1 and inputs 12.4 chargers and 12.4' are connected to source buses 11 supply. In addition, the control winding power supply device 12 contains two push-pull converters 12.6 and 12.6 'of practically unchanged output current / 5 / with bipolar outputs, each of which includes a low-voltage part in the form of a bridge circuit on four low-voltage fully controlled single-sided conductivity switches 12.6.1 -12.6.4 and metering capacitor 12.6.5 in the diagonal of the bridge circuit; and the high-voltage part in the form of a diode 12.6.6; the anodes of the two managed switches 12.6.1, 12.6.3 of the bridge circuit are connected to one of the outputs of the voltage converter 11.6.7 of the power supply 11 to a lower output voltage, and the cathodes of the remaining controlled keys 12.6.2, 12.6.4 of the bridge circuit are connected to the cathode of the high-voltage diode 12.6.6 and through a decoupling thyristor 12.6.8 - with one of the terminals of the control winding, the other terminal of the voltage converter 12.6.7 of the power supply 11 is connected to the anode of the high-voltage diode 12.6.6 and to the other terminal of the control winding 7. At the same time, the control inputs and outputsaryadnogo SPIN9 device 10, supply device 12 of the control winding 7 UPC kriorefrizheratornoy installation and current sensors, voltage and temperature, and the temperature SPC windings and back, connected to control inputs and outputs of the control unit.

2. In order to reduce the Joule energy losses in the main winding 1 of the superconducting jumper according to claim 1 and the associated decrease in refrigeration capacity of the cryorefrigerator unit and the power consumed by it when charging and recharging SPIN9, it is proposed that the charger 10 of the superconducting inductive storage 9 be implemented as a converter in basically constant charging power, containing an adjustable converter 10.1 averaged over a period of the output voltage with a transformer output, for example, an inverter adjustable frequency, and hence the output voltage (see Fig. 4a and 4b) or a half-bridge circuit (see Fig. 5a and 56), the rectangular voltage of which is regulated by pulse-width modulation, and a single-phase two-phase rectifier (OTDFV) 10.2 ( see figa) on two diodes 10.2.1 and 10.2.2; the secondary winding of the transformer Tr of the adjustable Converter 10.1 is equipped with a tap from its midpoint; the extreme terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer Tr of the aforementioned converter 10.1 are connected through diodes 10.2.1 and 10.2.2 of an OTDFV 10.2 to one of the terminals of the SPIN9 winding, and the other terminal of the SPIN9 winding is connected through a decoupling thyristor 10.3 with a tap from the secondary winding of the transformer Tr of the adjustable converter 10.1 .

The work of the proposed SKP with magnetic control of the operation of SPIN9 in various modes of operation of the latter is illustrated in figure 2; 3; 4a; 4b; 5a and 5b.

After cooling the main 1 and control 7 windings of the UPC with the refrigerant of the cryorefrigerator unit to a stable superconducting state (for example, when performing windings 1 and 7 of the UPC from bismuth-containing HTSC drives, the main winding is 1 to 99 K, and the control winding 7 to 77 K) HTSC film These wires are in a superconducting state with practically zero resistance and the following modes of functioning of SPIN9 and the proposed SKP are possible:

и перевод его в режим хранения накопленной энергии;firstly, the mode of the first charge of SPIN9 to a maximum current I _9m or energy

and putting it into storage mode of stored energy;

secondly, the discharge mode of SPIN9 to capacitive storage (EH) of a multistage capacitive generator (EG) - see Fig. 10 for their charge to the required maximum voltage U _sgm ;

thirdly, the SPIN9 precharge mode of the overcharge energy of the ЕН ЕГ underused magnetic energy in the inductive load;

fourthly, the mode of subsequent SPIN9 recharges from the power supply 11 through the charger 10.

за время его разряда t_p12.1 порядка десятых долей секунды - несколько секунд передается в управляющую обмотку 7 СКП, заряжая ее практически по синусоиде током i₇≈ I_7msinω ₂t до требуемого максимального тока (при круговой частоте

The mode of the first charge of SPIN9 to the maximum current I _9m or energy W _9m is as follows. Approximately 90-300 s before the start of its charge, SPIN9 from the power source 11 through the charger 12.4, for example, of the type of a two-phase constant power converter (DPIM) / 8 / charge (see Fig. 3) a capacitive storage device (EN) 12.1 to the required maximum voltage U _12.1m . Then open the direct controlled key 12.2 and the energy stored in EN 12.1

during its discharge, t _{p12.1 of the} order of tenths of a second, it is transferred to the control winding 7 of the SKP for several seconds, charging it practically in a sinusoid with current i ₇ ≈ I _7m sinω ₂ t to the required maximum current (at a circular frequency

where L ₇ is the inductance of the control winding 7, and C _12.1 is the capacitance of EN 12.1, along the circuit: upper terminal of EN 12.1 - key 12.2 - current sensor DT - winding 7 - lower terminal of EN 12.1. When the current i ₇ reaches its maximum value I _7m , open the direct blocking key 12.3 and at the same time close the controlled direct key 12.2. Then, through the converter 12.6.7, the voltage of the power supply source 11 reduced by it is supplied to the push-pull converter 12.6 / 5 / s with a practically unchanged output current I _12.6.7 = I _7m ≈ const. This current I _12.6.7 = I _7m along the circuit: cathodes of low-voltage switches 12.6.2 and 12.6.4 of the bridge circuit - open decoupling thyristor 12.6.8 - current sensor DT - winding 7 - anode of the high-voltage diode 12.6.6 - output terminal of the converter 12.6 .7 is supplied to the control winding 7 of the UPC, and the blocking direct key 12.3 is closed by the control unit. At current i ₇ = I _7m, the magnetic induction of the control winding 7 created by him in the entire area of the main winding 1 of the UPC exceeds its critical value and the latter passes from the superconducting to the resistive state with a relatively large active resistance of the order of several thousand ohms - several tens of thousands of ohms. After that, charge SPIN9 from the power supply 11 through the charger 10 is carried out basically unchanged charging power, taking into account the expression (2), defined by the expression:

and which is illustrated by the example of figa and 5b.

A half-bridge circuit of an adjustable converter 10.1 with a transformer output 10.1.3 by alternately switching its two transistors 10.1.1 10.1.2 converts the output voltage of the voltage divider (on two capacitors 10.1.4.and 20.1.5) of a constant value U _10.1.4 = U _{10.1. 5} U _11/2 in bipolar rectangular pulses of constant amplitude _tr.vh U = U _11/2 and the frequency f, but different duration t _n, the primary winding of the transformer 10.1.3. The pulse duration is determined by the duty cycle q = T _n / (2t _n ), where T _n = 1 / f is the length of the repetition period of bipolar pulses. Since the duration of each bipolar pulse t _n = T _n / (2q) = l / (2qf) is much shorter than the time constant of the charging circuit SPIN9 τ _zu9 = L ₉ / r _zu9 , amounting to several thousand seconds (where r _zu9 is reduced to the secondary winding transformer 10.1.3 active resistance of the charging circuit SPIN9), then these bipolar voltage pulses create in the primary winding of the transformer 10.1.3 alternately linearly increasing in absolute value current pulses of different polarity, and hence the same magnetic flux pulses in the core of the transformer 10.1.3. These magnetic flux pulses induce in rectangular halves of the secondary winding of the transformer 10.1.3, rectangular bipolar pulses of different durations t _n , but of constant amplitude U _{mp 2} = U _{mp 3} W ₂ / W ₁ , where W ₂ and W ₁ is the number of turns in the halves secondary winding and in the primary winding of the transformer and frequency f. The average voltage for the period on each half of the secondary winding of the transformer 10.1.3 is determined by the obvious ratio:

where k _tr = w ₂ / w ₁ - transformation ratio of the transformer.

At the beginning of the first charge of SPIN9, the control unit sets the maximum value of the average voltage over a period at q = 1 u _tr. = U _tr.m = U _tr.input k _{Tp of the} order of ten volts and keeps it unchanged during charge time t from t = 0 to time t = t _it starts to charge TSPIN9 with constant charging power (see Fig.4b). When u _Tr. = U _{Tr m} = const current i ₉ of the SPIN9 charge increases exponentially.

which at t _it ≤ 0.2 τ _zu9 with a relative error of less than 2.14% will take a simpler form

When the charge time in the range t _OH ≤ t≤ t _sk = t _gp when U _{dispenser Tp} ≤ u ≤ U _TPM SPIN9 charge carried constant charging power P _z9 = P = const _TRN in accordance with the expression (4), and the current i _{9 of} its charge is determined by the expression:

where L ₉ is the inductance of SPIN9, and τ _zu9 = L ₉ / r _zu9 is the time constant of its charging circuit.

In this case, the output voltage of the transformer 10.1.3 should be changed in accordance with the ratio:

The start time of the charge with a constant charging power t _ons , the corresponding current i ₉ = i _оn and the maximum output voltage of the transformer 10.1.3 are determined by the joint solution of expressions (6 and 7), (8) and (9).

At the end of the SPIN9 charge, at t = t _sk = t _sm , the charge current i ₉ reaches its maximum value I _9m , and the final output voltage of the transformer corresponding to this moment taking into account expression (2)

With a short-term shelf of constant current i ₉ = I _9m = const EMF of self-induction SPIN9 L ₉ di ₉ / dt = 0, P _s9 = 0 and the output voltage of the transformer U _tr is equal to the voltage drop across the diode 10.2.1 or 10.2.2 and the decoupling thyristor 10.3 Δ U _{d, t} = r _{d, t} I _9m , where

- their average active resistance.

Since the RMS self-induction voltage at SPIN9 is always less than the maximum output voltage of the transformer 10.1.3.

then, with the active resistance of the main winding 1 adopted by us in its resistive state r _1p = 4000 Ohms, the Joule power loss in it Δ P _1J and the additional refrigeration capacity of the cryorefrigeration unit Q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{ku}}{\text{1 J}}$ for their removal from the cryostat, the SKP is always less than their maximum possible value

or negligible, since for the proposed SKP less than one percent of the required total refrigerating capacity of the cryorefrigerator installation is.

по цепи: обмотка 7 - EH 12.1-управляемый ключ 12.2 - датчик тока ДТ - обмотка 7 возвращается в емкостной накопитель (ЕН) 12.1 и заряжает его обратной полярностью напряжения, ток (7) уменьшается практически по косинусоиде i₇≈ I_7mcosω ₇t от i₇≈ I_7m при w₇t= 0 до i₇= 0 при ω ₇tπ _/2=π /2 за время tπ _/2 порядка нескольких десятых долей секунды - нескольких секунд, и при приближении тока i₇ к нулю прямой управляемый ключ 12.2 естественным образом закрывается. При уменьшении тока в управляющей обмотке 7 уменьшается создаваемая ей в области расположения основной обмотки 1 магнитная индукция и при уменьшении последней ниже критического значения за время порядка 1 мс /1, 3/ основная обмотка 7 СКП снова переходит в сверхпроводящее состояние и замыкает через себя максимальный ток I_7m СПИН9, а блок управления скачком уменьшает выходное напряжение трансформатора 10.1.3 до нуля. После этого включается зарядное устройство 12.4’ и ЕН 12.1 периодически дозаряжается до требуемого максимального напряжения –U_10.1m обратной полярности, компенсируя его саморазряд и потери энергии в ключе 10.2 во время описанного выше перезаряда ЕН 12.1 магнитной энергией управляющей обмотки.To put SPIN9 into storage mode of magnetic energy storage in it at the moment of reaching the required maximum charging current i ₉ = I _9m , the jump control unit reduces the output voltage of the transformer 10.1.3 from its final (V _three ) to the nominal (U _tr ) value, which sets a short-term shelf of constant current I _9m = const (see figs. 4b and 5b), stops the flow of almost constant current i ₇ = I _7m ≈ const through the low-voltage bridge circuit of converter 12.6 to the control winding and at the same time opens a direct controlled key 12.2 block and 12 power control winding 7 SKP. Magnetic energy stored in winding 7

along the circuit: winding 7 - EH 12.1-controlled switch 12.2 - current sensor DT - winding 7 returns to the capacitive storage (ЕН) 12.1 and charges it with reverse voltage polarity, current (7) decreases almost by the cosine i ₇ ≈ I _7m cosω ₇ t from i ₇ ≈ I _7m for w ₇ t = 0 to i ₇ = 0 for ω ₇ tπ _{/ 2} = π / 2 for a time tπ _{/ 2 of the} order of several tenths of a second - several seconds, and when the current i ₇ approaches zero the straight line managed key 12.2 naturally closes. With a decrease in the current in the control winding 7, the magnetic induction created by it in the region of the main winding 1 decreases, and when the latter decreases below a critical value in a time of the order of 1 ms / 1, 3 /, the main winding 7 of the UPC returns to the superconducting state and closes the maximum current through itself I _7m SPIN9, and the jump control unit reduces the output voltage of transformer 10.1.3 to zero. After that, the charger 12.4 'is turned on and EN 12.1 is periodically recharged to the required maximum voltage –U _{10.1m of} reverse polarity, compensating for its self-discharge and energy loss in the key 10.2 during the overcharge of ЕН 12.1 described above with the magnetic energy of the control winding.

The discharge mode SPIN9 on capacitive storage (EH) of a multistage capacitive generator (EG) Arkadyev-Marx (see _figure 10), for their charge to the required maximum voltage U _sgm as follows. The control unit opens the reverse controlled key 12.2 'and the energy accumulated in ЕН 12.1 is transferred to the control winding 7 through the circuit: lower terminal ЕН 12.1 - winding 7 - current sensor ДТ - return switch 12.2' the winding 7 feeds it through the above-described way for tπ _{/ 2} during tπ _{/ 2} almost in a sinusoid from i ₇ = 0 to the maximum current - I _{7m of the} opposite direction. Then, the control unit includes a converter 12.6 'of a practically unchanged output current of the reverse direction and, as described above, this current i ₇ = I _7m ≈ const is transmitted to the control winding 7 and is kept constant throughout it over time

и составят порядка нескольких сотен ватт и несколько тысяч джоулей соответственно. После этого блок управления открывает сверхмощные быстродействующие ключи КК односторонней проводимости (преимущественно тиристорного типа) в каскадах емкостного генератора, емкостные накопители каскадов С_к ЕГ соединяются последовательно-согласно друг с другом и с импульсной индуктивной нагрузкой (ИН) и к последней прикладывается максимальное разрядное напряжение ЕГ U_prm=n_kU_згm порядка нескольких десятков вольт. Следует разряд ЕН ЕГ на импульсную индуктивную нагрузку, при котором энергия разряда ЕГ

с кпд, например, порядка η _иин≈ 5-10 процентов, преобразуется в полезную энергию, а основная доля недоиспользованной магнитной энергии ИН возвращается в ЕН ЕГ, перезаряжая их напряжением обратной полярности.of the order of several tens of seconds, where C _zg is the charging capacity of a multi-stage EN. The main winding 1 of the UPC, as described above, passes into a resistive state, which is maintained by current I _7m for a time tπ _{/ 2 (EG)} , and the magnetic energy stored in SPIN9 when the decoupling controlled key T3 EG is opened at the beginning of this time is transmitted through blocking inductances L _b a capacitive storage of all EG _to n stages, charging them substantially cosinusoidal current variable i ₉ ≈ i _9m cosω t _9d over time tπ _{/ 2 (Er)} to a desired maximum charging voltage U ~ _zgm about 1000 V. When approaching the discharge current i ₉ SPIN9 to zero, the decoupling thyristor T3 EG naturally closes, then, as described above, when the return key 12.2 'is opened, the magnetic energy of the control winding 7 is returned to EN 12.1, recharging it with a direct voltage polarity, and the main winding 1 of the UPC, as described above, is transferred again to superconducting state, and EN 12.1 is periodically recharged from the power supply 11 through the charger 12.4. In this mode, the average Joule losses of power and energy in the main winding 1 of the UPC over the time tπ _{/ 2 (EG) are} determined by the relations

and amount to several hundred watts and several thousand joules, respectively. After that, the control unit opens the heavy-duty high-speed keys KK single-sided conductivity (mainly thyristor type) in the stages of the capacitive generator, the capacitive storage of stages C _{to the} EG are connected in series with each other and with a pulsed inductive load (IN) and the maximum discharge voltage EG is applied to the latter U _prm = n _k U _{Згm of the} order of several tens of volts. It follows the discharge ЕН ЕГ for a pulsed inductive load, at which the discharge energy ЕГ

with an efficiency of, for example, of the order of η _iin ≈ 5-10 percent, it is converted into useful energy, and the main part of the underused magnetic energy IN is returned to the ЕН ЕГ, recharging them with reverse polarity voltage.

The mode of recharging SPIN9 by the energy of recharging the ЕН ЕГ underused energy in a pulsed inductive load (IIN) is as follows. By the method described above, the energy of the capacitive storage 12.1 for a time tπ _{/ 2} is transferred to the control winding 7 of the SKP, feeding it to the maximum current i ₇ = I _7m . Then, the control unit includes a converter 12.6 of practically constant output current i ₇ = I _7m ≈ const and keeps this current unchanged during the discharge time ЕН ЕГ СПИН9 t _pг9 = tπ _{/ 2 (ЕГ)} - see expression (13) - of the order of several tens of seconds . At the beginning of this time, when the main winding 1 of the UPC switches to the resistive state, the control unit opens the decoupling thyristor T3 EG and the recharge energy ЕН ЕГ

where η _iin is the efficiency of converting the EG energy by an inductive pulse load into useful energy (work);

τ _cf is the self-discharge time constant of pulsed capacitive storage devices of the order of 3000 s;

Δ t _aw is the waiting time between the end of the overcharge ЕН ЕГ by the excess energy of the magnetic field IMI;

η _sr and η _rpg - the efficiency of the _{ЕН ЕГ} charge from SPIN9 and the efficiency of the ЕГ charge-discharge ЕГ to IIN and vice versa IIN to ЕГ of the order of 0.99 and 0.983, respectively, is transferred to the SPIN with an efficiency of η _{pr9 of the} order of 0.99 and recharges it with energy W _pr9 = W _pzg η _pr9 . For example, at W _9m = 5 MJ; η _IIN = 0.05; tπ _{/ 2 (EG)} = 16.6; Δ t _wait ≈ 103 s; η _p ≈ η _zg ≈ 0.99 and η _rgg ≈ 0.983 and τ _cf = 3000 taking into account expression (14) we obtain W _pr9 ≈ 4.14 mJ. Then follows the transfer of SPIN9 described above to the stored energy storage mode.

до требуемого максимального тока I_9m (энергии W_9m) осуществляется следующим образом. Описанным выше путем основная обмотка 1 СКП переводится из сверхпроводящего в резистивное состояние. Затем бок управления включает регулируемый преобразователь 10.1 и устанавливает соответсвующее начальному току дозаряда I_од9 выходное напряжение трансформатора 10.1.3 и путем уменьшения выходного напряжения трансформатора u_тр (см. фиг.4б и 5б) в соответствии с выражением (9) осуществляет дозаряд СПИН9 в режиме неизменной мощности Р_з9=Р_трн=const от начального тока дозаряда i₉=I_од9 до требуемого максимального тока i₉=I_9m. После описанным выше путем СПИН9 переводится в режим хранения накопленной в нем энергии W_9m. И так далее циклически.The mode of subsequent SPIN9 recharges from the initial current

to the required maximum current I _9m (energy W _9m ) as follows. As described above, the main winding 1 of the UPC is transferred from the superconducting to the resistive state. Then, the control side includes an adjustable converter 10.1 and sets the output voltage of the transformer 10.1.3 corresponding to the initial charge current I _od9 and, by reducing the output voltage of the transformer u _tr (see fig. 4b and 5b), in accordance with expression (9), performs SPIN9 charging in the mode constant power P _s = P _tr = const from the initial charge current i ₉ = I _od9 to the required maximum current i ₉ = I _9m . After that, as described above, SPIN9 is transferred to the storage mode of the energy W _9m accumulated in it. And so on cyclically.

The time of the subsequent recharge of SPIN9 with a constant charging power P _tr = const is determined by the following obvious relation

and for the example considered above at P _tr = 3120 W will be 279 s. Since, when discharging SPIN9 on the ЕН ЕГ and pre-charging SPIN9 from ЕН ЕГ in the main winding 1 of the ACS, the energy of joule losses over time tπ _{/ 2 (ЕГ)} will be

and the time of removal of the energy from the cryostat kriorefrizheratornoy installation _oxl.1 t = t + Δ t _{dz9 standby} + 2tπ _{/ 2 (EG),} the additional power kriorefrizheratornoy installation in its shape the operation for discharging the Joule losses of energy in the primary winding 1 is defined as follows UPC expression

For example, for the parameters of the above example: at U _Згm = 945 V; tπ _{/ 2 (EG)} = 16.6 s; r _1p = 4000 Ohms; t _oxl. 1 = 399 s and U _trOD ≈ 7V according to expression (17) we obtain Δ Q _{ku cooling 1} ≈ 26.3 W.

To prove the fulfillment of the technical result or the purpose of the invention, comparative calculations were made of the main characteristics of the proposed and basic / 1, 4 / SKP with magnetic control of the operation of a toroidal superconducting inductive drive with the following initial parameters:

- the operating temperature of the main 1 and 7 control windings of 99 K and 77 K for the proposed SKP, and for the base SKP - 99 K and 99 K, respectively;

- electrical resistivity of HTSC films of the main winding 1 ρ _PL = 1 · 10 ^-7 Ohm / m / 1, 4 /;

- the minimum magnetic induction of the control winding 7 in the area of the main winding 1, in which the entire winding 1 goes into a resistive state at a zero transport current of 6.8 T - see figa and 7b - built according to / 3, 9 /;

- critical and working current density in HTSC films of the main winding and 1 from the transport current in the absence of current in the control winding j _μ ≈ 1.1 · 10 ⁹ A / m ² and j _plr ≈ 0.7 · 10 ⁹ A / m ² ( at a temperature of 99 K);

- characteristics of the toroidal SPIN9: maximum operating current in the winding I _9m = 1000 A; magnetic energy stored in it at I _9m W _9m = 5 MJ; inductance L ₉ = 10 H; the maximum and minimum refrigerating capacity required for cooling the SPIN9 winding to a temperature of 77 K is Q _cryo refrigerator installation Q _ку9м = 2,288 W and Q _ку9м = 1,655 W;

- characteristics of the pulsed inductive load (IIN): energy of 4900 kJ transmitted from the EH to the IIN; the efficiency of converting this energy into useful work (energy) η _iin = 0.05; inductance L _iin = 1,562 · 10 ^-6 H; the time of energy transfer from the EH to IIN 0.001 s;

- the capacitive characteristics of the generator: the required discharge capacity and discharge voltage of C _p = 0.06485 F and U _prm = 12290 B; maximum charging voltage _{ЕН ЕГ} U _згm = 945 V; the charging capacity of the EN EG With _eG = 11.17 F; energy transfer time from SPIN9 to the ЕН ЕГ tπ _{/ 2 (ЕГ)} = 16.6 s;

- the active resistance of the main winding 1 in the resistive state r _1p = 4000 Ohms;

- the average radius and length of the main winding 1 R ₀₀₁ = 0.25 m and l ₀₀₁ = 0.34 m;

- the electrical insulation of the HTSC tape of the main winding with a standard thickness h _of = 0.05 mm is made of polyethylene with a mass density of 940 kg / m ³ , and the electrical insulation of the control winding 7 is made of high-strength organoplastics with a mass density of 1350 kg / m ³ ;

- the thickness of the multilayer screen-vacuum thermal insulation of the SKP cryostat 0.5 cm thick, calculated according to the data / 10 / specific heat gain into the cryostat through its surface, taking into account edge effects 0.17 W / m ² and its average mass density of 120 kg / m ³ ;

- the walls of the cryostat (SKP) and its supports 0.5 cm long are made of high-strength carbon fiber, and each support is a stack of carbon-plastic disks with a thickness of each 0.02 mm and with a specific thermal conductivity of the supports of 0.0026 W (see deg) / 10 / at which the calculated in accordance with the procedure / 10 / specific heat leakage into the cryostat UPC through its support when the temperature difference of 300 K to 77 K will be q = Q _{OP OP} / _OP F = 1.444 × 10 ^-5 W / H, where F _oп - force acting on the supports;

- the specific energy of the pulse capacitive storage 12.1, 2 kJ / kg / 11 /;

- a mass density vismutosoderzhaschey HTS film 3790 kg / m ^3/9 /;

- the ratio of the width of the HTSC tape in the wire of the main winding 1 to its thickness is 10;

- maximum and minimum specific heat gain through thermodynamically optimized copper or aluminum current leads 3.0 cm long to the SKP cryostat with their average thermal conductivity and conductivity of 0.045 W / (see deg) or 0.0205 W in the temperature range from 300 K to 77 K / (see deg) and (1 or 1.45) · 10 ^-8 Ohm · m was q _tvm = Q _tvm / I _tv = (6.33 or 5.15) · 10 ^-4 W / A and q _tpm = Q _TVM / I _TV = (3.16 or 2.575) · 10 ^-4 W / A;

- as the memory 10 of SKPB, the well-known three-phase memory of constant power / 12 / with a maximum output voltage of U _{10 out} = 150 V is used.

Using the method developed by us, the following characteristics of the proposed SKP and the base SKP (SKPB) were obtained:

- the length of the tape of the main winding 1 57200 m and its mass m _ml = 310 kg for SKPP and SKPB;

- the mass of the winding wire of the main winding 1 m _CR1 = 330.4 kg for SKPP and SKPB;

- overheating of the main winding 1 by Joule energy losses during the discharge of the SPIN9 overcharge for 16.6 s and 16.6 s (total time 33.2 s) was only 0.0806 K, which is negligible;

- the average radius of the main winding is 10.25 m and its length is 0.34 m for SKPP and SKPB;

- the average radius of the control winding is 7 0.4715 m for SKPP and 6.261 m for SKPB;

- the mass of the control winding is 7,989.3 kg or 396.3 kg for SKPP and 257.5 tons or 92.63 tons for SKPB with a copper and aluminum matrix in it, respectively;

- the mass of the capacitive storage (ЕН) 12.1 with its specific energy of 2 kJ / kg / 11 /) 599 kg for SKPP and 12080 kg for SKPB;

- the mass of two chargers 12.4 and 12.4 ’EN 12.1 20.7 kg for SKPP and 805.3 kg for SKPB with their output charging power of 2.07 kW for SKPP and 80.54 kW for SKPB;

- weight of cryostat SKP 81.9 kg for SKPP and 20110 kg for SKPB;

- the total refrigerating capacity of the general cryo-refrigeration unit for cooling UPC windings and SPIN9 winding 10.38 W or 9.95 W with SKPP and 221.6 W or 198.1 W with SKPB for copper and aluminum matrices;

- the mass of the total cryorefrigerator installation is 8.9 kg or 8.9 kg for SKPP and 108 kg for SKPB, and the maximum power consumed by it is 1.4 kW or 1.35 kW for SKPP and ~ 13.1 kW for SKPB with copper and aluminum matrix;

- the total mass of SKP with associated equipment is 2253 kg or 1546 kg for SKPP and 318.8 tons or 137.4 tons for SKPB with a copper and aluminum matrix, respectively;

- the mass of high-temperature superconductors in SKP is 440.7 kg for SKPP and 1243 kg for SKPB;

- the maximum power consumed by SKP with associated equipment from source 11 of electricity 3.28 kW for SPKP and 107.84 kW for SKPB.

Therefore, firstly, the total mass of the proposed UPC with related equipment with the above characteristics is 141.5 times or 88.9 times less than that of the base UPC - prototype / 4 /, and secondly, the mass of high-temperature superconductors in the proposed UPC and their cost is 28.2 times less than that of the base UPC; thirdly, the maximum power consumed by the proposed SKP with related equipment is almost 32.4 times less than that of the basic SKP with related equipment.

Thus, the distinctive features of the superconducting jumper key with magnetic control of the operation of the superconducting inductive storage indicated in the claims and description of the application, significantly distinguishing the proposed UPC from the base prototype object / 4 /, allows: firstly, tens of times to reduce the total mass of the UPC with related equipment mainly due to a corresponding reduction in the mass of the magnetic control winding 7; secondly, to reduce the mass and cost of high-temperature superconductors in UPCs by more than 20 times; thirdly, to reduce by several dozen times the maximum power consumed by the UPC with associated equipment from the 1.1 power source.

Sources of information taken into account when preparing the application

1. The study of superconducting jumper keys /B.C. Vysotsky, V.R. Karasik, A.A. Konyukhov, V.A. Malikov; Proceedings of the Physics Institute. P.N. Lebedev Academy of Sciences of the USSR and "Issues of Applied Superconductivity. -M .:" Science ", 1980, Volume 121, p. 76-82.

2. Powerful thin-film superconducting switches. Ref. Journal of Electrical Engineering, Issue 21 & Electrical Machines and Transformers. - M .: VINITI, 1990, No. 4, abstract 4I271.

3. Special electric cars. Sources and converters of energy .: Textbook. manual for universities. - In 2 book. Book 2 (A.I. Bertinov, D.A. Booth, S.R. Mizyurin et al .; Edited by B.L. Alievsky - 2nd ed. Revised and enlarged - M .; Energoatomizdat , 1993. - 368 p.: Subsection 9.4 High-temperature superconducting materials on p.121-133.

4. Thin film suhtrcondacting power switch / Gattozzi A.L. // Proc. 24th Interoc. Energy Convrs. Eng. Conf., Washington, D.C. Aug. 6-11, 1989. Vol 1. - New York (N.Y), 1989 .-- pp. 465-470. (see. Powerful thin-film superconducting switches. Ref. VINITI Electronics journal, issue 21 I Electric machines and transformers. - M .: 1990, No. 4, abstract 4I271) - PROTOTYPE.

5. Thyristor-capacitor power supplies for electrical technology / O.G. Bulatov, A.I. Tsarenko, V.D. Poles. - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1989 .-- 200 p.: Fig. 2.3 on p. 29.

6. Thyristor generators and inverters. - L.: Power Publishing House. Leningra. Department, 1982.- 223 p.: Fig. 3.1 on p. 52 and p. 68.

7. Switching power supplies / A. Goreslav, A. Bakhmetyev // SNIR NEWS, 1996, No. 8-9, p. 2-9 .: Fig. 2, in on p. 2.

8. Knysh V.A. Semiconductor converters in storage capacitor charge systems. - L .: Energy Publishing House, Leningrad. Department, 1981. - 160 p.: Fig. 4.11 on p. 145.

9. Transport critical current of gnanular high-temperature superconductors / N.A. Bogolyubov // "Low Temperature Physics", 1999. - Vol. 25, No. 12. - p. 1223-1250.

10. Superconducting magnetic systems / E.Ya. Kazovsky, V.P. Karuev, V.N. Shakhtarin; Under the total. ed. E.I. Kazovsky. - L .: "Science", Leningrad. Branch, 1967. - 320 p.: p. 192 and 193.

11. High tntrgy density capaciters of spac power conditioning / Rose M. Frank // IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Sienc Magasin. - 1989. - Vol. 4, No. 11. - p. 17-22.

12. The power system of a pulsed inductive storage; RF patent 2030101, MKI ⁶ 3/53 / Dodotchenko V.V., Nikolaev A.G .; VIKI them. A.F. Mozhaisky, No. 4928143/21, decl. 04/16/91, publ. 02/27/95. Bull. No. 6.

Claims (2)

1. A superconducting jumper key with magnetic control of the operation of a superconducting inductive energy storage device, comprising an inner main winding based on tapes of high-temperature superconductor films surrounded by low-temperature electrical insulation and wound bifilar to a cylindrical tubular frame, and equipped with channels for the flow of a refrigerant refrigerated cryorefree with inlet and outlet collectors of refrigerant, coaxial with the main external control winding from a stranded wire with high-temperature superconductors, wound on a tubular frame, and equipped with channels for the flow of refrigerant cryorefrigerator installation, coaxial main and control windings with collectors of refrigerant are placed in a cryostat with internal and external walls, between which there is insulation, main supports the windings are connected to the inputs of the winding of a superconducting inductive storage mainly of the toroidal type and to the outputs of its charging device A device whose input terminals are connected to the buses of the power source, the terminals of the control winding through a current sensor are connected to the outputs of its power supply device, and the cryorefrigerator installation is connected by heat-insulated pipelines to the winding of a superconducting inductive storage and is equipped with separate pipelines with a coolant output temperature higher than that of the winding cooling pipelines superconducting inductive storage, and the control inputs and outputs of the power device control winding and a charger of a superconducting inductive energy storage device, a refrigeration unit, and current, voltage, and temperature sensors are connected to the respective outputs and inputs of the control unit, characterized in that the input and output collectors of the refrigerant are separated by a diametrical partition formed by the continuation of the tubular frame with thermal insulation of the control winding, on the external and internal parts, the first of which is connected with thermally insulated pipelines with a low temperature cold a, and the other with separate pipelines with an elevated coolant temperature, while the control winding power supply device includes a capacitive storage device, the conclusions of which are connected through direct and reverse fully controllable keys of single-sided conductivity to the terminals of the control winding, shunted by blocking direct-connected and parallel connected parallel and reverse fully controlled keys of one-sided conductivity, and two capacitive storage chargers, bipolar outputs of which x through decoupling diodes or thyristors connected to the terminals of the capacitive storage, the inputs of the chargers are connected to the buses of the power supply, as well as two converters of practically constant output current with different polar outputs, each of which contains a low-voltage part in the form of a bridge circuit on four low-voltage fully controlled single-sided keys conductivity and a metering capacitor in the diagonal of the bridge circuit, and the high-voltage part in the form of a diode, anodes of two controlled keys of the bridge circuit connected are connected to one of the outputs of the voltage converter of the power source, and the cathodes of the other controlled keys of the bridge circuit are connected to the cathode of the high voltage diode and through the decoupling thyristor to one of the terminals of the control winding, the other terminal of the voltage converter of the power supply is connected to the anode of the high voltage diode and to the other terminal of the winding management. 2. The superconducting jumper key with magnetic control of the operation of the superconducting inductive energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the joule energy loss in the main winding and the associated decrease in refrigerating capacity of the cryorefrigerator installation and the power consumed by it when charging and charging the superconductor an inductive storage device, a charger of a superconducting inductive storage device is made in the form of a converter with basically constant charging power, with containing an adjustable converter of averaged over the period value of the output voltage of a rectangular shape with a transformer output, for example, an adjustable frequency inverter, and therefore an output voltage, or a half-bridge converter, the output rectangular voltage of which is regulated by pulse-width modulation, and a single-phase two-phase rectifier on two diodes, secondary the transformer winding of the adjustable converter is equipped with a tap from its midpoint, the extreme leads of the secondary winding the aforementioned transformer is connected through diodes of a single-phase two-phase rectifier to one of the terminals of the winding of the superconducting inductive storage, and the other terminal of the winding of the latter is connected through an isolation thyristor to the outlet from the midpoint of the secondary winding of the transformer of the adjustable converter.

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