RU2229797C2 - Method for cold-type keeping in animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal science. SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with animals' indoor housing, their feeding, milking, development of microclimate, that is maintenance of temperature mode, lighting and ventilation, storage and removal of manure. Animals should be housed in unheated departments and divided into several technological groups. Temperature mode in all compartments, in birth ones, among them, should be maintained in winter period to be not less than -20 C, and in milking hall both in hot and cold period it is necessary to maintain constant temperature of +18 - +22 C. Animals are fed with single-type fodders all year round. Animals are milked in milking hall supplied with musical accompaniment. The whole group passes milking procedure, this group should be preliminarily collected in the tambour of milking hall, and after milking, depending upon the milk yield obtained, they should be transferred from one group into another. Animals go inside their housing - to milking hall and back - along a gallery, and under this gallery manure is collected and stored. The present innovation provides comfortable conditions in case of cold-type keeping. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, and in particular to the loose housing of dairy cows, and can be used in cold conditions for keeping animals with year-round feeding of the same type in a continuous-flow shop system for milk production with milking in the milking parlor.

A known method of keeping dairy cows according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1711742, class. And 01 K 1/00, 1992, including artificial lighting of cows in the active period of the day, corresponding to milking, at 300 lux and maintain at this level throughout the milking period, and passive - at 10 lux.

This method relates to the stall keeping of animals and is aimed only at creating a favorable regime of illumination of dairy cows during the day, i.e. There is no comprehensive solution for keeping animals in cold conditions.

A known method of autumn-winter keeping cows according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1588334, class. And 01 K 1/00, 1990, adopted by the applicant for the prototype. It includes placement of animals in the room and artificial lighting of the room. In order to increase the milk productivity of cows, a periodic change in the level and duration of artificial lighting is carried out: in the first period of the autumn-winter maintenance for two months, artificial lighting of the room is maintained within 50-150 lux by daily increasing the lighting level by 1-2 lux, starting with the minimum values, and the duration of artificial lighting is within 10-16 hours / day by increasing it every 10 days by 1 hour, starting from the minimum value, in the second period the level of artificial lighting In the third period, the level of artificial lighting is gradually increased during the month from 90 to 150 lux, in the fourth period until the end of the autumn-winter content, the duration of artificial lighting is gradually reduced from 16 to 10 hours / day with the level of artificial lighting achieved in the previous period.

However, this method unilaterally solves the problem of cold keeping animals, does not affect the main areas of maintenance such as feeding and milking.

The technical task of the invention is to create comfortable conditions for the cold keeping of animals, covering the whole complex from placement, feeding, watering, milking to ventilation and lighting, as well as the storage and cleaning of manure, ensuring high productivity and economy of milk production and herd reproduction.

The problem is solved in that in the proposed solution, animals are placed in an unheated room and divided into technological groups, and the temperature in all rooms, including the maternity, in the winter is maintained at not lower than -20 ° C, and in the milking parlor hot and cold times maintain a constant temperature from +18 to + 22 ° С, feed animals with the same type of food year-round, milk animals in the milking parlor with musical accompaniment, and send the entire milking group as a whole, which is preliminarily collected in the vestibule drive milking parlor and, after milking, depending on the milk yield obtained, are transferred from one group to another, the movement of animal indoors, in the milking parlor and is carried back through the gallery, and a gallery is collected and stored manure.

In addition, musical accompaniment is carried out simultaneously in the milking parlor and in the detention area of the group of animals that are sent for milking.

In addition, animals are transferred from group to group daily.

Figure 1 shows a plan of a livestock complex; figure 2 - internal layout of the housing of dairy livestock.

The livestock complex includes building 1 with a maternity ward, a division of heifers and dead wood; case 2 - the room for repair of young animals; case 3 - calf; buildings 4 and 5 - premises for dairy livestock; building 6 - where the milking parlor 7 is located with a storage platform 8 and a utility room 9 for staff. Cases 1, 2 and 4, 5 are of the same type. All the buildings of the complex are interconnected by a gallery 10, which approaches the tambour-drive 8 of the milking parlor 7. Walking platforms are organized between the buildings. 11. In each housing 1-5 there are stalls 12 for cows, a feed table 13 and a channel 14 for a scraper for collecting manure in the gallery 10, as well as the door 15 for the exit of the cows to the milking and return back.

Cold keeping of animals is as follows.

Animals, regardless of age, are placed in an unheated room of a particular housing of the livestock complex, where they are divided into technological groups, for example, a dairy herd is divided into four groups: 1 - highly milked, 2 - highly milked, 3 - medium milk and 4 - low milk. They also separate dead cows and heifers, calving and milking, insemination and breeding, calves and heifers, feeding and culling. The temperature regime in all rooms, including the maternity, in winter is maintained at not lower than -20 ° C, while there is no drafts, low humidity, uninterrupted watering and feeding of animals, as well as dry litter, which helps to identify newborn calves in general regime of the livestock complex. And in milking parlor 7, during hot and cold times, a constant temperature is maintained from +18 to + 22 ° С, for which an air conditioner and an air heater are provided. The ventilation here is artificial supply and exhaust. This temperature contributes to a better delivery of milk by cows who are milked in milking parlor 7 with musical accompaniment. Moreover, the entire milking group is sent for milking, which is pre-assembled in the tambour-drive 8 of the milking parlor 7, where they wait their turn, and after milking, depending on the milk yield received, they are transferred, sorted from the group to the group daily. Musical accompaniment of the milking is carried out simultaneously in the milking parlor 7 and in the area of keeping the group of cows that are sent to the milking. Animals are fed the same type of food year-round strictly in groups, but the distribution of feed and additives in the milking parlor 7 is not provided. And heating and circulation of water for watering animals in winter conditions are provided. Feeding animals is carried out from the feed table. Distribution of feed is carried out using a feed mixer-feeder. The aft table 13 is separated from the room for stray animals with a fencing with a self-locking mechanism. Cleaning is carried out during milking, when the room is free from cows.

The movement of animals indoors, in the milking parlor 7 and vice versa, is carried out through the gallery 10, which is also not heated. Under gallery 10, manure is collected and stored. In gallery 10, slit floors are installed to remove manure. Manure with the help of animal hooves, while moving to the milking parlor 7 and back, falls through the slatted floor into the manure storage bin, where augers for mixing manure are installed, which are pumped into a special hose for transporting it to the manure storage lagoon. Departure to gallery 10 from the side of the feed table is not blocked. A number of pipes are laid on the width of the feed table 13 so that the cow cannot step over and step through it. And the exit to the gallery from the side of manure removal is blocked by a tubular corridor with doors 15.

The use of the present invention allows for the free cold keeping of animals with the same year-round feeding and a flow-line shop system for the production of milk with milking in the milking parlor, where free movement, sunlight and fresh air have a beneficial effect on the general health of animals.

The animal moves with little or no human participation in the room between places of feeding, watering, milking.

Claims (3)

1. The method of cold keeping animals, including placing animals in the room, feeding, milking, creating a microclimate, namely, supporting the temperature regime, lighting and ventilation, storing and cleaning manure, characterized in that the animals are placed in an unheated room and divided into technological groups moreover, the temperature in all rooms, including the maternity, in winter is maintained at -20 ° С, and in the milking parlor during hot and cold times a constant temperature is maintained from +18 to + 22 ° С, they are fed alive of the same type of food all year round, animals are milked in the milking parlor with musical accompaniment, and the entire milking group is sent for milking, which is pre-assembled in the tambour-drive of the milking parlor, and after milking, depending on the milk yield received, they are transferred from the group to the group, moving animals indoors, to the milking parlor and back are carried out through the gallery, and manure is collected and stored under the gallery. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the musical accompaniment is carried out simultaneously in the milking parlor and in the area of detention of the group of animals that are sent for milking. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the animals are transferred from group to group daily.

Images