RU222925U1 - Device for heating liquid in fire hoses - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to fire-fighting equipment, in particular to technical means that increase the efficiency of using hose systems when extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency control in low-temperature conditions. The technical objective of the claimed utility model is to develop an effective and economical, compact design of a heat generator designed to reduce the rate of ice formation in hoses and ensure the required intensity of supply of fire extinguishing liquid during the entire time of fire extinguishing, increasing the reliability and service life of pressure hoses in low-temperature conditions by heating the flow, providing an increase in their length without freezing, and which is achieved by implementing the physical phenomenon of cavitation in its design and without significant material costs. The “device...” is mounted in the housing of a G-600A fire-fighting hydraulic elevator, which has a completely plugged filter grid and a cascade of four cavitating elements, i.e. it is a 4-stage cavitator-type static heat generator. To increase the efficiency of heating the fire extinguishing liquid, the body of the apparatus is effectively insulated. At the first stage of “Device...”, i.e. on two helical cavitating steel plates with identical twist angles, but with spirals directed in opposite directions, the turbulent vortex-like movement of the liquid increases significantly. Then the non-stationary hydromechanical processes in it are further intensified in the steeply bent elbow - the essence of the second stage of the “Device...”. Next, the flow flows out of the spray nozzle with a diameter of 25 mm, where there is a local increase in its speed as the pressure decreases. Thus, cavitation already becomes hydrodynamic. The fourth stage of the “Device…” is a sharp expansion of the flow. Thus, the task was solved by the fact that the design of a static 4-stage cavitator-type “Device...” was developed, manufactured in metal, tested, approved and proposed for use with a fire pump of standard size PN-40 , which ensures increased extinguishing efficiency and preservation of the life of firefighters pressure hoses, reducing the labor intensity of disassembling hose lines in low-temperature conditions. The technological advantage of the “Device...” is the elimination of the need to use special equipment for the implementation of external heating of hose fittings and, accordingly, the associated preliminary operations for igniting external heating heat sources - blowtorches, burners, etc., necessary to minimize efforts during disassembly hose lines in low-temperature conditions after the end of hostilities to extinguish fires or carry out emergency control operations. This non-volatile heat-generating “Device...” has small weight and size characteristics. It is supposed to be permanently placed in the pumping or adjacent compartments of the fire truck. The presented technical solutions are structurally and technologically simple and can be easily implemented on the main fire fighting vehicles, both newly produced and in service. The proposed “Device...” can be widely used in the practice of fire and rescue units in the northern regions of the country.

Description

The utility model relates to fire-fighting equipment, in particular to technical means that increase the efficiency of operation of fire pressure hoses in low-temperature conditions.

The water supply through hose lines does not remain constant in winter. It is gradually decreasing. From the practice of fire extinguishing in low temperature conditions, it is known that in large fires, after 1.5...2 hours, the water supply sharply decreases due to the formation of ice on the metal parts of the hose line fittings, as well as on the internal surfaces of the hoses [see. Plekhanov V.I. Organization of logistics work during a fire. M.: Stroyizdat, 1987. 128 p.].

The water in the hose lines freezes as it releases heat to the surrounding space. The amount of heat lost is proportional to the temperature difference between the water and the surrounding air and increases with a decrease in the speed of water movement. Thus, as water moves along the hose line, its temperature decreases. From a thermophysical point of view, to prevent water from freezing in hose systems in low-temperature conditions, it is obviously necessary to supply hot water through them.

When dismantling frozen hose lines in the process of winding down forces and means after the end of combat operations to extinguish fires or eliminate emergencies, the effort and time required to disconnect the hose heads sharply increases. In addition, pressure hoses cannot be rolled up, which greatly complicates their transportation to the unit. This is one of the reasons that in areas with low temperatures, up to 35% of hoses are written off earlier than scheduled [see. Aleshkov M.V. Increasing the performance of pressure hose lines when extinguishing fires at low temperatures: dis... cand. tech. Sciences / M.V. Aleshkov M.: VIPTSH Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1990. 293 p.].

Thus, the issues of ensuring the thermal stability of fire pump-hose systems (PNRS) in low-temperature conditions are very, very relevant.

The practice of fire extinguishing at low temperatures greatly requires the development of effective and economical designs of devices for heating water in hoses, as well as a set of operational measures in addition to those already known. Experimental studies have established [see. Aleshkov M.V. Increasing the performance of pressure hose lines when extinguishing fires at low temperatures: dis... cand. tech. Sciences / M.V. Aleshkov M.: VIPTSH Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1990. 293 p.] that heating the flow for every 0.1 ° C allows you to lengthen the fire pressure hose line by 50 linear meters without freezing.

Currently, to prevent defrosting of the PNRS, water is heated in one way or another. For example, by inserting into breaks in sleeve lines [see. A.S. 1586722 USSR], using temperature-activated water (TAW) [see. RF Patent No. 2030194], by means of protective covers placed on the branches and supplying flames from blowtorches or gas burners, etc., into the existing gap. [cm. Iskhakov Kh.I., Lozhkin V.N., Savin M.A. Effective operation of basic fire fighting vehicles at low temperatures: monograph. Ekaterinburg: URI State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia, 2010. – 355 p.].

Heat generators Yu.S. are also known for heating water. Potapova [Potapov Yu.S., Fominsky L.P. Vortex energy and cold nuclear fusion from the perspective of the theory of motion. – Chisinau - Cherkassy “OKO-Plus”. 2000. – 387 p.]. Heat generator Yu.S. Potapova “Yusmar” [see. RF patent for invention No. 2045715] is a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube through which water circulates and is heated in it. These vortex devices with power from 3 to 65 kW are produced commercially.

Heat generators Yu.S. Potapov for heating liquids are economical, have environmentally friendly characteristics, and, due to the absence of moving and rotating parts, have a long service life. However, these devices have certain weight and size characteristics; in addition, water enters the device tangentially, moves in it along a helical path, and therefore its hydraulic resistance and pressure drop in it are quite large.

Also known is the hydrodynamic cavitation heat and steam generator A.G. Kochurov brand VTG-110 [see. RF Patent No. 2277681]. It is used to feed fire hose lines with hot water, as well as to heat water in a tank. At the emergency site, the device is used for heating and hot water supply to individual facilities (health care facilities, etc.). This vortex heat generator is equipped with the PSA-S-6.0-40(6339) fire and rescue vehicle [see. OJSC "Vargashinsky PPiSO Plant" Fire and rescue vehicle of the HL (PSA-S) design PSA-S-6.0-40 (6339) model 40VR. Operating manual 40VR-00-00-00RE, 2011. 30 p.], as well as the fire tank truck AC SOR 2.0-20/10 (43118) “Hephaestus”, manufactured by OJSC “Vargashinsky PPiSO Plant”. With the power consumed by this special unit being 110 kW, its heating capacity is 122.1 kW. Thus, when working in the apparatus, developed, i.e. significant cavitation manifestations. At the same time, it is known [see Savin M.A., Kurbatova D.K., Katsnelson I.E. On problematic issues and prospects for the application of the phenomenon of cavitation in the practice of fire protection. Technosphere safety. 2022. No. 4(37). P.77...97. – Access mode: https://www.uigps.ru/nauka/tekhnosfernaya-bezopasnost-nauchnyy-elektronnyy-zh/soderzhanie-zhurnala--4-37/], that the main disadvantage of hydrodynamic installations is the frequent replacement of the stator and rotor, which wear out from cavitation effects. However, no data on the resource of the unit is provided. In addition, to drive it, it needs a fairly powerful additional power unit.

Elimination of defrosting of the PA water tank according to RF patent for invention No. 2245729 [see. Savin M.A., Koshmarov Yu.A. etc. Patent 2245729 Russian Federation MKI A 62 C 27/00. The method of heating water in a fire tanker] is achieved by heating water through its repeated recirculation (bypass) in a circle: tank - fire pump - cavitator nozzle - tank. However, it will be difficult to use the method for heating water in the sleeves since the round deflector plate of the cavitator nozzle is quite bulky - its diameter is 142 mm.

The prototype of the proposed device is cavitating elements for implementation in the designs of passive (static) cavitators, which are presented in the source [see. Fedotkin I.M., Gulyi I.S. Cavitation, cavitation equipment and technology, their use in industry (theory, calculations and designs of cavitation devices). Part 1. - K.: Polygraphbook, 1997. – 940 p.]. In particular: helical elements or tangential introduction of liquid into the working chamber, plate-type partitions with a through hole or holes of various shapes and sizes, sharp expansion or narrowing of the channel, sharp turns of the flow, etc.

The technical objective of the claimed utility model is to develop an effective and economical, compact design of a heat generator designed to reduce the rate of ice formation in hoses and ensure the required intensity of supply of fire extinguishing liquid during the entire time of fire extinguishing, increasing the reliability and service life of pressure hoses in low-temperature conditions by heating the flow, providing an increase in their length without freezing and which is achieved by implementing the physical phenomenon of cavitation in its design and, moreover, without significant material costs.

The problem was solved by the fact that the design of a static 4-stage cavitator-type “Device...” was developed, manufactured in metal, tested, approved and proposed for use with a fire pump of standard size PN-40, which ensures increased extinguishing efficiency and preservation of the service life of fire pressure hoses, reducing the labor intensity of disassembling hose lines in low-temperature conditions.

The “device...” is assembled on the basis of the body parts of the serial fire-fighting hydraulic elevator G-600A. For the occurrence of cavitation, multi-scale pressure pulsations, shock pulses, turbulence and separated flows, and other nonlinear effects, a cascade of sequentially located well-known classical cavitating elements is implemented in the design. The combination includes: helical elements, sharp turns, as well as expansion and contraction of the channel, affecting flow rates and the occurrence of powerful vortex formation. In addition, the G-600A filter grid is completely sealed in the device with an aluminum alloy sheet and welding around the perimeter.

In fig. Figure 1 shows the assembled design of the “Device...”, where: 1 – elbow steeply bent by 180 degrees; 2 – body with plate – 3, which is welded to the body along the perimeter; 4 – specially made nozzle with a spray hole with a diameter of 25 mm; 5 – diffuser; 6 and 7 – fire heads for connecting hoses; 8 – helical-type cavitating elements. The proposed thermal insulation of the “Device...” is not shown.

In fig. 2 schematically shows (view a), placed in the receiving part of a steeply curved elbow - 1 "Device..." in a row without a gap, two helical cavitating elements - 8. Each of them is made of a stainless steel strip 100 mm long, 4 mm thick and equal to the internal width the diameter of the knee - “in the light”, i.e. 81 mm, and with the same twist angles equal to 90°. But their spirals are directed in opposite directions (i.e., the spirals are multidirectional): one has a right twist (clockwise), and the other has a left twist. Moreover, there are no chamfers at the ends of the plates.

In fig. Figure 2 (view b) shows a 3D projection of the mutually perpendicular arrangement of two helical-type cavitating elements - 8 and their orthogonal projection - (view c).

To increase the efficiency of heating the fire extinguishing liquid, the body of the “Device...” is thermally insulated in two layers. In particular, a layer of synthetic stretch fabric of the “stretch” type is used, which is made of polyester, nylon, and the side of the synthetic fabric with a shiny reflective coating is located closer to the body of the hydraulic elevator. And the thickness of the applied heat-insulating polyurethane foam layer is 40-60 mm.

“Device...” works as follows. When following operational special equipment, it is placed and fixed, for example, in one of the compartments of a fire engine (FV) or on a technological mount on the roof of the vehicle.

In winter, upon arrival at the place of call in the process of combat deployment of forces and means [see. On approval of the combat regulations of fire departments, which determines the procedure for organizing fire extinguishing and carrying out emergency rescue operations.: Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated October 16, 2017 No. 444. – M.: EMERCOM of Russia, 2018. – 90 p.] “Design... » is removed from the PA and mounted in the rupture of the pressure hose line.

After which the driver fills the cavity of the fire pump with water in one way or another. Then he depresses the clutch pedal and turns on the drive of the special unit. It also includes a power take-off for the fire pump drive. After which the driver smoothly releases the clutch pedal, slightly increases the speed of the PA engine and, accordingly, the pressure on the pump manifold and, without rushing, slowly, smoothly completely opens the pressure pipe of the left (or right) side on the pump manifold. Then, according to the command of the Fire Extinguishing Manager (FFC), the pressure on the pump is brought to the required level. Thus, water flows into the hose line and further to the “Device...”.

At the first stage of “Device...”, i.e. on two helical cavitating steel plates with identical twist angles, but with spirals directed in opposite directions, the turbulent vortex-like movement of the liquid increases significantly. Then the non-stationary hydromechanical processes in it are further intensified in a steeply bent elbow - the essence of the second stage of the “Device...”. Next, the flow flows out of the nozzle spray, where there is a local increase in flow velocity as the pressure decreases. Thus, cavitation already becomes hydrodynamic. The fourth stage of the “Device…” is a sharp expansion of the flow.

After completing the combat mission, during the process of winding down forces and means, the “Devices...” are dismantled. It is placed on a standard technological mount in the compartment or on the roof of the car.

A comparison of the proposed design solution of the “Device...” with a potential prototype shows that it differs in the following technical features:

Modified serial fire-fighting equipment was used as the body of the “Device...”;

the number of cavitating elements of different designs and heat-generating capabilities and the specified unique combination and sequence of their location in the structure body;

compact weight and dimensions of the “Device...” in transport and combat positions;

simplicity of design and reliability in operation.

Thus, it can be assumed that the proposed technical solution meets the “novelty” criterion.

The utility model can be implemented by semi-skilled specialists on standard equipment using known technological processes and equipment, therefore it meets the criterion of “industrial applicability”.

Results of testing of a passive heat-generating “Device…” of the proposed design during the Interdepartmental Experimental Research Exercise “Safe Arctic 2023” indicate its certain effectiveness.

Indeed, in the pressure range at its inlet of 0.72...1.0 MPa, the water temperature at the outlet of the “Device...” increased from 0.1 to 0.2°C, which, according to experimental studies [see. Aleshkov M.V. Increasing the performance of pressure hose lines when extinguishing fires at low temperatures: dis... cand. tech. Sciences / M.V. Aleshkov M.: VIPTSH Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1990. 293 pp.] will increase the length of the hose line without freezing by ~ 100 meters.

At the indicated pressures, the flow pressure after the apparatus ranged from 0.5 to 0.68 MPa, respectively, and the water supply was in the range of 15.1...17.6 l/s. The air temperature in testing was minus 15°C.

The technological advantage of the “Device...” is the elimination of the need to use special equipment for the implementation of external heating of hose fittings and, accordingly, the associated preliminary operations for igniting external heating heat sources - blowtorches, burners, etc.

This non-volatile cavitation-type heat-generating device has small weight and size characteristics. It is proposed to be equipped with effective thermal insulation and permanently placed in the pumping or adjacent compartments of a fire truck.

The presented technical solutions are structurally and technologically simple and can be easily implemented on the main fire fighting vehicles, both newly produced and in service.

The proposed “Device...” can be widely used in the practice of fire and rescue units in the northern regions of the country.

All this generally increases the efficiency of extinguishing fires in low-temperature conditions, provided that fire trucks are equipped with the proposed “Device...” design.

Claims (11)

1. Device for heating liquid in fire hoses, including Pavilion 2); an elbow (1) bent 180 degrees, connected to the body (2) and having a fire head (7) for connection to the fire hose; cavitating helical elements (8) installed at the inlet after the fire head in the receiving part of the curved elbow; nozzle (4) located in the housing; as well as a diffuser (5) connected to the housing (2), having a fire head (6) for connection with a fire hose. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that two cavitating helical elements are installed, and they are installed without a gap in a row, made of steel plates, the width of which is equal to the internal diameter of the elbow, and with the same twist angles, equal to 90 degrees, at In this case, their spirals are directed in opposite directions. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the nozzle spray hole is 25 mm. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is thermally insulated. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that layers of synthetic stretchable fabric made of polyester, nylon are used for thermal insulation, and a heat-insulating polyurethane foam layer with a thickness of 40...60 mm is applied. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that closer to its body there is a side of synthetic fabric having a shiny reflective coating.