RU2226340C1 - Ice-forming fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weather control agents. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ice-forming fuel for actively affecting overcooled clouds and mists and it is designed for uses in charges of midflight engines of antihail rockets. Fuel is essential for preparing unitary charges according to low-pressure jet molding technology and it functions both as generator of active crystallization sites for overcooled cloud drops and generator of energy required for movement of antihail rockets. Fuel is composed of, wt %: synthetic diene rubber 2.93-3.27, inert plasticizer 4.72- 13.22, burning rate catalyzing plasticizer 0-8.0, quinol ether 0.35-0.39, 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol epoxide resin 0.50-1.00, silver iodide 1.00- 8.00, ammonium iodide 10.00-14.00, and ammonium perchlorate - the balance. Such composition ensures ice- forming activity at overcooled cloud temperature -6.0 C equal to (0.2-2.6)•10^-12g^-1 at cloud blowing velocity 100 m/sec. EFFECT: increased rocket mass factor and thereby its efficiency and fly distance value. 1 tbl

Description

Ice-forming fuel is used in meteorology to artificially cause precipitation, disperse fog and prevent hail, and is intended for use in the charges of mid-flight engines of anti-hail rockets.

The closest analogue of the invention adopted for the prototype is a pyrotechnic composition for active exposure to supercooled clouds and fog according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1497781 dated 12.28.87, containing components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Polyacrylonitrile 18.0 - 23.0

Ammonium iodide 8.0 - 12.0

Silver iodide 0.4 - 1.0

Polytetrafluoroethylene 0.6 - 2.5

Industrial oil 0.4 - 1.5

Graphite 0.6 - 2.5

Ammonium Perchlorate Else

Anti-hail rockets using charges from a pyrotechnic composition have low payload mass ratios due to the lack of unitarity of loading, low efficiency and range.

The technical task of the invention is the development of ice-forming fuel with high ice-forming activity at the highest possible cloud temperatures in the conditions of blowing. The technology of its processing, as well as the complex of the rheological and physico-mechanical properties of the fuel, allows to produce unitary charges of any configuration directly into the housing of anti-hail rockets by free casting or low pressure casting with high performance. In this case, the fuel simultaneously performs two functions - the generator of active crystallization centers (ACC) of supercooled cloud droplets and the energy source for rocket movement.

This composition allows to increase the value of the mass coefficient of the rocket and, accordingly, the effectiveness of the action and the range of its flight.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the proposed ice-forming fuel containing ammonium perchlorate, ammonium iodide and silver iodide, additionally contains synthetic diene rubber, an inert plasticizer, a burning rate plasticizer-catalyst in the following ratio, wt.%:

Synthetic diene rubber 2.93 - 3.27

Inert plasticizer 4.72 - 13.22

Plasticizer-catalyst 0.00 - 8.0

Quinol ether 0.35 - 0.39

Epoxy-Dianova resin 0.50 - 1.0

Ammonium iodide 10.0 - 14.0

Silver iodide 1.0 - 8.0

Ammonium Perchlorate Else

The table shows the formulations of the tested ice-forming fuels and their characteristics:

- specific impulse of thrust at Pk / Ra = 40/1 kgf / cm ² ;

- ice-forming activity at a speed of blowing 100 m / s in a horizontal wind tunnel at the bench and according to the IEM technique.

Использование в качестве полимерной основы связующего диенового каучука позволяет решать задачи регулирования в широких пределах основных технологических и эксплуатационных характеристик предлагаемого топлива.

The use of a binder diene rubber as a polymer base makes it possible to solve control problems over a wide range of the main technological and operational characteristics of the proposed fuel.

So, when changing the rubber-plasticizer ratio within 20 / 80-25 / 75, the viscosity of the semi-finished product (fuel mass at 50 ° C 0.75 ... 100 Pa · s, spreadability 70 ... 130%, respectively, changes in technology, planetary type mixers and various options for forming charges (for example, group filling of up to 20 or more products).

By changing the number and ratio of hardeners, you can adjust the physical and mechanical properties:

strength 0.09 ... 0.2 MPa;

for deformations 15 ... 40%.

Fuel charges due to the choice of such a binder can be operated in the negative temperature range.

The burning rate is effectively controlled by the amount of plasticizer-catalyst used instead of the corresponding fraction of inactive plasticizer (for example, at a chamber pressure of 40 kgf / cm ² from 4 to 20 mm / s).

Along with the high yield of active aerosol during testing of this fuel, an important circumstance was noted for its practical application, namely, a significant decrease in the characteristic time of manifestation of ice crystals. In comparative tests of various ice-forming fuels, it was chosen as the time during which 80% of ice crystals of the number of all nuclei introduced into supercooled fog will form.

Like the value of the total yield of active particles, this indicator for the proposed fuel is significantly improved due to the selected ratio of all components that determine the main parameters of aerosol-containing products of combustion, namely the level of their temperature at the exit of the nozzle and their optimal chemical composition.

The complex of ballistic and physico-mechanical characteristics of the fuel allows it to be used in charges of various design (plug-in, firmly fastened to the engine housing, end, channel).

Claims (1)

Ice-forming fuel containing ammonium iodide, silver iodide and ammonium perchlorate, characterized in that it contains synthetic diene rubber with hardeners, for example with quinol ether and epoxy-diane resin, an inert plasticizer or its mixture with a plasticizer-catalyst for burning rate the ratio of components, wt.%: Synthetic diene rubber 2.93-3.27 Inert plasticizer 4.72-13.22 Plasticizer-catalyst burning rate 0.00-8.00 Quinol ether 0.35-0.39 Epoxy-Dianova resin 0.50-1.0 Silver iodide 1.00-8.00 Ammonium iodide 10.0-14.0 Ammonium Perchlorate Else