RU2224193C2 - Plant for gas liquefaction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processes or apparatus for gas liquefying. SUBSTANCE: plant has two loops, namely closed refrigeration loop and opened production loop. Refrigerator loop has liquid pump, condenser-evaporator, turbine, shell-and-tube condenser, mixing condenser, throttle flap and ejector. Ejector passive nozzle and outlet nozzle communicate with liquid volume of mixing condenser. Ejector active nozzles communicate with vapor volume of mixing condenser. Production loop comprises shell-and-tube heat-exchanger, throttle flap, condenser-evaporator having tubes communicating with refrigeration loop and compressor. Plant has additional cold generator located in cryostat and having at least one vortex cooler, inlet system for liquefying gas, outlet system for liquefying gas connected to outlet system for liquefied gas and at least one joining pipe for non-liquefied exhaust gas outlet from vortex cooler. Joining pipe is connected by pipeline to tube space of production loop condenser. EFFECT: reduced specific power consumption for natural gas supercooling and liquefaction, increased economy. 20 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to complexes for the liquefaction of natural gases, air, nitrogen, oxygen, placed on the means of natural gas (GH) production, offshore stationary platforms (SMEs), floating platforms, floating plants, surface and underwater based, PZ off the coast of the sea, on land and in the sea and the interfaced with gas pipelines, on the complexes of field development of offshore and coastal GHG deposits of the shelf of the Arctic seas, the region of Sakhalin Island, the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea, as well as methane ships, gas carrier vessels, storage facilities and those minals GHG liquefied (LNG).

 Known LNG plants (USPG) (see US Pat. US 4,548,629, F 25 J 3/02, Barron RF Cryogenic systems. Energoatomizdat, 1989) using a cryogenic cycle operating on a mixed refrigerant (mixture of hydrocarbons with nitrogen), separation heavy hydrocarbons and throttling of supercooled GHG, purified and dried prior to the requirements of OST 5140-93.

 The disadvantage of these USPG is the complexity of the scheme in terms of the used heat-engine equipment and its maintenance (the inadmissibility of its operation without maintenance).

 The cryogenic heat exchangers of these USPGs have an exceptionally large mass (up to 250 tons) and dimensions (dia. 3-4 m, height up to 30 m), are labor-consuming and low-tech in manufacturing. Installation / disassembly and repair in ship conditions at submarine floating GHG liquefaction plants (LNG) is difficult.

 In USPG, a high initial GHG inlet pressure or a booster compressor is required.

 Downtime of USPG in connection with their replacement and repair reduces their efficiency in ship use.

 Another well-known gas liquefaction plant is the installation (see ZhTF, 1983, vol. 53, 9, pp. 1770-1776, Vinko V.E. "Features of cooling and liquefaction of gas in a vortex flow", as well as "Prospects for the use of LNG", Finko V. Ye., Gas industry, 2, 2000. Booklet prepared and issued by Cryonord CJSC, LNG - Alternative Fuel for Industry and Utilities Lentransgaz LLC - Sigma Gas CJSC, which includes a heavy particle separator and moisture droplet, moisture vapor separator and heavy fraction separator, pre-heat exchanger hlazhdeniya PG, cold generator (liquefaction unit (BS) with VO PG supply system and the LNG outlet system.

 The USPG unit is a monoblock installed on a foundation foundation (FD), which structurally includes a BS and a VO.

 Its advantages are operating efficiency at high (up to 15 ... 20 MPa) pressures, therefore, at high reservoir pressures of gas fields, compact USPG, the absence of moving parts, BS with HE do not consume external energy, are important when starting up the complex and are suitable for working in underwater conditions.

 The disadvantages of USPG are the low gas liquefaction coefficient of ~ 15 ... 20%, the high minimum operating pressure VO (3.5 MPa), the difficulty of ensuring high gas safety BS.

As a prototype of the invention, “Device for liquefying gases” was selected (see RF patent 2002176, F 25 J 1/02. Bull. 39-40, 1993, “Method for liquefying gas and a device for its implementation.” The invention is to reduce specific costs energy for liquefying gases by using low-cost vortex generators of cold, reducing electrical losses in electric machines and current-carrying devices of the complex through the use of hyperconductors in field windings and cables, and use for cooling windings and cables as more cryoagents produced by the complex of products (LNG, liquid nitrogen as a component of GHG, including supercooled) and sea water with a temperature of -2 ^o С as a coolant in the heat exchangers of the complex, as well as the integration of the complex with the object of its use by an underwater floating plant LNG production.

 The invention solves the problem of 100% GHG liquefaction with minimal specific energy consumption and minimal downtime of the complex in ship conditions at a floating submarine-based LNG plant, unsolved in the USSR and the Russian Federation (see "Federal Program for the Development of Cryogenic Engineering and Technologies and Improvement of Cryogenic productions of enterprises of the metallurgical, petrochemical and chemical industries and the fuel and energy complex ", International Association" Cryogenics "), exclusion from the complex Chassis Basic, a large mass of FSE (cryogenic heat exchangers and other equipment teplomashinnogo, the problem with regard to the technological assembly / disassembly, repair and handling in extreme conditions.

 An analysis of the comprehensive study of 100% liquefaction and supercooling of GHGs and its components, performed for the first time in domestic practice, showed that these complexes can be mass-produced in Russia and created on their own without the purchase of imported equipment and technologies. At the same time, prerequisites are created for solving the problem of using the invention in special conditions, for example, when developing offshore and coastal GHG deposits on the shelf of the Arctic seas, in the region of Sakhalin Island, the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea as soon as possible with the minimum available means of ship engineering and ship technology of LNG storage facilities with GHG liquefaction complexes .

 In the implementation of the invention, intensification of the commercial development of offshore GHG fields on the Arctic shelf, an alternative solution to the Blue Stream problems on the basis of LNG PZ with their deployment in the Azov and Black Seas and the export of LNG to the market by methane carriers as an export new product of Russia — LNG and supercooled LNG - a new product, as well as cold as an energy carrier.

 When using the invention, many other tasks are solved, for example, in the fuel and energy complex (FEC), in particular, in the public utilities sector during gasification of facilities that are located at considerable distances from gas pipelines (rural settlements) when creating a reserve supply of energy from the consumer, for example , for vehicles of resort areas.

 When using the invention, the task of disposing of the modern nuclear-powered nuclear submarine projects of the Russian Navy to be decommissioned from the military service, as well as the use of submarine-based floating nuclear power plants to power PSE electric drives, reduce specific energy costs for liquefying and supercooling LNG and liquefied natural gas with highly variable pressures, is solved reservoirs of gas fields.

With the solution of the problem of supercooling of LNG and methane, the total effect (economic and technical) increases due to the following parts resulting from the application of the concept of developing offshore gas fields, LNG production at the gas production site and LNG transport by methane carriers for export:
1. The economic effect of the delivery of additional mass of LNG and cold as a product to the market due to overcooling of LNG.

 2. Reducing the load on the systems for re-liquefaction of GHG storage facilities, methane carriers.

 3. The possibility of creating industries utilizing the cold of LNG, incl. supercooled LNG.

 The proposed complex for gas liquefaction, made in the form of a cold generator (GC), consisting of two circuits - a refrigerated closed circuit, including a pump with a drive for pumping liquid gas to a storage or liquefied gas extraction system, a condenser-evaporator, turbine, shell-and-tube condenser, mixing condenser, throttle valve and ejector, the passive nozzle of which is connected to the liquid space of the mixing capacitor, the active nozzles are connected to the vapor space of the mixing capacitor and the output the bore is connected to the liquid space of the mixing condenser and the production open circuit, including a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a condenser-evaporator, the pipe space of which is in communication with a closed refrigeration circuit and a compressor, characterized in that at least one additional cold generator is introduced into it in the form of a liquefaction unit (BS) with at least one vortex cooler (VO) located in a cryostat and containing a system for supplying liquefied gas and systems removing the liquefied gas, incorporated into the main liquefied gas extraction system and at least one nozzle outlet exhaust gas neszhizhennogo VO coupled with conduit annulus evaporator-condenser of a production loop.

 The complex is equipped with at least one GC, made in the form of a cryogenic gas machine (KGM) operating on the reverse Stirling cycle, and is connected to the LNG removal system and the supercooled LNG system. The complex is equipped with at least one GC, made in the form of GGM operating on the reverse Stirling cycle, for liquefying or supercooling nitrogen of natural gas (GH) as a component of GH.

The complex is characterized in that outboard sea water (ZMV) is used as a coolant in the cooling system of the warm sides of the KGM Stirling. The complex is characterized in that a cooling circuit of the supplied GHG is introduced into it, made of heat exchange elements, the refrigerant of which interacts thermally with the supply system of the liquefied GHG, and ZMV is used as a coolant in the circuit, the lower value of the temperature interval of which is -2 ^o C.

 The drives of the GC complex are predominantly electric and equipped with cryostats to accommodate the GC motors. The current-carrying devices in the complex, related to electrical devices, are equipped with cooling devices, and as a coolant they use ZMV or liquid or supercooled nitrogen, LNG or supercooled LNG. Current-carrying cables, windings of electric generators and electric motors in the complex are made of beryllium. The complex is equipped with a cryostat to accommodate the GC generator.

The foundation bases of the GC elements are equipped with supports of two types with two levels of support, removable rolling bearings for transportation and installation supports. The base foundations of the elements of the GC complex are equipped with fixing elements with the possibility of using them from the displacement of the bases in the horizontal plane, located mainly on the lateral planes relative to the main view, and the fixing elements are made in the form of cylindrical surfaces made to the entire height of the base and open outward by 180 ^o .

 The system of supercooled LNG or KGM Stirling of subcooled LNG is connected by a pipe to the annulus of the condenser-evaporator of the production circuit.

 The drawing shows a structural diagram of a complex for liquefying GHG and nitrogen of GHG with cold generators (GC) in the form of a vortex cooler, GC with refrigerated and production circuits and GC, made in the form of a cryogenic gas machine (KGM) operating on the reverse Stirling cycle.

 The main components of a complex for liquefying gases, for example, natural gas (GHG) and nitrogen of GHGs are cold generators (GC), made in the form of a liquefaction unit (BS) 1, including a cryostat 2 placed inside a sealed, insulated with heat-insulating material, for example at least one vortex cooler (VO) 3 or several VO connected according to a certain scheme or GC from several BS, placed in a single cryostat.

 The cryostat 2 is equipped with a GHG input pipe 4, an LNG output pipe 5 and an exhaust non-liquefied GHG output pipe 6 and is used as a collector and LNG storage tank, reduces heat leakage from the surrounding space and is a guarantee of gas safety of the surrounding space. The exhaust pipe of the spent non-liquefied GHG and the LNG outlet pipe are coated with a layer of thermal insulation material, for example, polyurethane foam.

 The liquefaction unit 1 is made on a foundation base 7, equipped with supports 8, 9 with two levels of support in height. Supports 8 are removable rolling bearings for transporting BS 1 on rails. Liquefaction unit 1 is one of the functional structural units (FSE) of the complex. FSE is understood as the structural element of the complex with the elementary processes taking place in it, considered in the whole variety of thermal, mass transfer, and other processes.

 The efficient operation of HE and BS is confirmed at the LNG production industrial installation (see the booklet of Cryonord CJSC LNG - alternative fuel for industry and public utilities, Sigma-gas CJSC - Lentransgaz LLC). The installation has established an increase in the cooling effect with an increase in the inlet pressure and preliminary cooling of the compressed GHG supplied to the installation.

 The principle of operation of VG GHGs consists in the completion of vortex expansion work by a gas. As a result, the GHG input stream to the GC is divided into two streams - a liquefied stream, which accounts for 15% of the GHG supply stream and a non-liquefied GHG stream exhausted at a temperature of 135 ... 140 K, which can be directed to another GC (cascade liquefaction up to 3.5 MPa), and in this complex, through a heat-insulated pipeline 10, it is supplied to the inlet pipe 11 of another GC, made in the form of two circuits - a closed refrigerated circuit, which includes an LNG transfer pump 12 with a drive to storage 13 or to a liquefied gas extraction system, a condenser aritel 14, turbine 15, shell-and-tube condenser 16, mixing capacitor 17, throttle valve 18 and ejector 19, the passive nozzle of which is connected to the liquid space of the mixing capacitor 17, the active nozzles are connected to the vapor space of the mixing capacitor 17, and the output nozzle is connected to the liquid space of the condenser mixing 17, and a production open loop including a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 20, a compressor 21 connected to an electric motor 22, a throttle valve 23 and a condenser-evaporator 14, pipe a space of which communicated with the closed-loop refrigeration.

 In the annular space of the condenser 16, the refrigerant vapor coming from the mixing condenser 17 is liquefied through the pipe, the refrigerant vapor is liquefied by evaporating part of the liquid refrigerant after dosing through the valve 18 and entering the condenser tubes 16, where the boiling refrigerant vapor flows through the ejector 19 into the liquid mixing capacitor space 17.

As a working agent, refrigerant vapors from the mixing condenser 17 and ejected vapors from the condenser 16 enter the ejector 19. The liquid refrigerant from the apparatus 16, 17, 20 enters the pump 24 through pipes and, under pressure, the refrigerant is sent to the tube space of the condenser-evaporator 14, where it is evaporated and steam at a temperature of 200 K and a pressure of 50 kgf / cm ² is piped to a turbine 15.

A gas turbine 15 in the process of adiabatic expansion of gas performs mechanical work as a drive of a compressor 21 or an electric generator 25, while in the turbine 15 the pressure of the refrigerant vapor decreases to 3 ... 5 kgf / cm ² , the vapor temperature decreases to 109 K, part of the vapor passes in a liquid state. The amount of liquid refrigerant after the turbine is ~ 23 ... 24%.

 The mixture of vapors and liquid refrigerant from the turbine 15 enters the lower part of the mixing condenser 17 under the Rashig ring through the pipe (open rings, the joints of which are displaced), the device separates the vapor from the liquid, the liquid refrigerant accumulates in the lower part of the device 17 and is used to condense the vapor including: the main amount of refrigerant vapor is liquefied in the mixing condenser 17 by supplying liquid gas to the upper part of the apparatus and meeting it with the vapors on the Rashig cylinder rings, and part of the refrigerant vapor is liquefied in heat exchange nnikah.

 The liquid refrigerant from the units returns to the cycle. The refrigerant vapor from the condenser 16 is ejected into the liquid located in the lower part of the mixing condenser 17, where the vapor is condensed. The Rashig cylinder rings in the mixing condenser 17 are combined into nozzles, which are located in two compartments.

The complex operates as follows. Natural gas (GHG) with impurities of various hydrocarbons and some associated gases, for example, nitrogen with a content of several to 10 ... 14% depending on the field [1], to be liquefied, interacts thermally in the GHG supply and cooling circuit 26 with outboard sea water (ЗМВ) at a temperature of -2 ^o C (minus 2 ^o C) as a refrigerant (cooler).

 ZMV is an effective GHG refrigerant in terms of temperature and heat capacity, and in the conditions of a complex of a floating subsea-based plant located in the Arctic cold seas, its excessive heating can be prevented.

 Moreover, the heat transfer surface, the flow rate of the HMW in the circuit and the temperature difference between the HMW and the cooled surface of the circuit 26 are minimal. The 100% GHG liquefaction in the complex is carried out by means of two GC - GC in the form of a liquefaction unit 1 with a vortex cooler 3 located in a cryostat 2, not consuming external energy, which does not carry out 100% liquefaction of the GHG supplied to the GC and operates at high GH pressures.

 Another GC is made in the form of cryogenic gas circuits, refrigerated closed and production open. Unliquefied waste stream with a temperature of 135 ... 140 K, comprising 85% of the supplied GH flow, is fed into the annulus of the condenser-evaporator 14 of the production circuit from an additional GC.

Gas from the compressor 21 with a pressure of 8 ... 10 kgf / cm ² and a temperature of 315 K enters the annulus of the condenser-evaporator 14, and heat is transferred from the liquefied gas to the refrigerant due to its evaporation in the tubes of the condenser-evaporator 14.

At the start-up and emergency output of the complex to the regime, supercooled LNG from the GC operating in the reverse Stirling cycle is fed into the annulus of the condenser-evaporator 14, where it is intensively mixed with the GHG flow from the WHO GC. The liquid gas obtained in the annulus of the condenser-evaporator 14 is divided into two streams, from which the main stream is pumped to the LNG storage 13 by the pump 12, the other stream is throttled through the throttle valve 23 and fed into the tube space of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 20 and into the mixing condenser 17 for liquefaction of refrigerant vapor entering the pipe from the mixing condenser 17 due to boiling and evaporation of liquid gas in the tubes of the heat exchanger 20. The vapor through the pipe is fed to the compressor 21. One of the promising options for the complex floor of producing LNG as export products from the shelf of the Arctic seas there can be a complex for producing supercooled LNG, including a GC made in the form of a cryogenic gas machine (CGM) operating according to the reverse Stirling cycle, which is used to extract the amount of heat from a source with a lower temperature, for example , NG or LPG, cooled to a temperature T1, which is below the ambient temperature T2, for example, seawater seawater -2 ^o C in a water cooler KGM by absorbing a certain amount of work on shnya during cyclic operation of KGM.

 KGM Stirling is made in the form of a module placed on a foundation base 27, and is driven by a drive motor 28 and a crank-slide mechanism 29.

 KGM Stirling consists of a cylinder 30, inside of which there is a piston 31 and a displacer 32. Outside of the cylinder 30 there is a water cooler 33 (on the warm side of the machine) and a regenerator 34. A coordinated change in the position of the piston 31 and the displacer 32 is provided by the position of the crank pins on the crank.

 The sequence of the KGM Stirling.

Process 1. RT (working fluid - helium) isothermally compressed, heat is transferred through the cylinder wall to sea water with a temperature of minus 2 ^o С in a water refrigerator.

 Process 2. The RT is repelled through the regenerator (heat exchanger) due to the movement of the displacer and the RT is cooled, and the heat accumulates (accumulates) in the copper mesh nozzle of the regenerator.

 Process 3. RT isothermally expands, taking away heat, due to its supply from an external body (GH) and its cooling.

 Process 4. Cold gas (RT) is pushed through the regenerator by the movement of the displacer, RT is heated isochorically. The energy accumulated in cycle 2 is transferred back to RT.

 The performance of the liquefaction plant (subcooling of the steam generator is ensured by the installation parameters and the removal of the required amount of heat from the steam generator and the flow and temperature parameters at the outlet of the BS (spent steam generator).

 USPG downtime can be reduced, and reliability is improved by redundant individual FSE USPG and the inclusion of duplicate FSE in the USPG, identical in part to the functions performed by them with the functions of KGM.

The LNG subcooling unit was made on the foundation foundations 7, 27, equipped with supports 35, 36 with two levels of support in height. Supports 35 are removable rolling bearings for transporting the GC (installation) and the FSE complex in parts. The base foundations 7, 14 are equipped with control and fixing elements 37 from the displacement of the bases in the horizontal plane, located on the side, relative to the main view, FSE and made in the form of cylindrical surfaces to the entire height of the bases 7, 27 and open outward by 180 ^o .

 Zero discharge into the sea during GHG liquefaction and hydrocarbon processing, established by the strategic environmental doctrine of the Russian Federation, leads to the need for complete gas separation of GHG into its components using LNG hyperthermia, separation of the final components - liquid methane and nitrogen in the FSE (separators) and their disposal.

 A specific example of the utilization of supercooled nitrogen obtained at the GC (plant) using the Stirling CGM is its use as a refrigerant in cryoenergy machines and current-carrying devices of the complex. It is known that the most problematic structural solutions of a cryoelectric drive in compressors, KGM Stirling are low-temperature seals of rotating drive shafts of devices.

 In this case, the most appropriate constructive solution of these devices is integration into the devices and their implementation in the form of a device and a drive cryoelectric motor placed in a nitrogen bath of a cryostat, which is installed hermetically on the crankcase of the device.

 The economic efficiency and quality indicator of the proposed technical solution is the profit calculated not only on the basis of specific indicators, but also on the total effectiveness of the decision system as a whole and throughout the life of the project (30 years).

The scope of the project is determined for a specific case, for example, by the single design capacity of an offshore gas production platform, which is set at 30 billion m ³ per year (22.5 million tons of LNG) as part of the field development complex for natural gas fields and is estimated at $ 2 billion. . USA.

который учитывает расходы электроэнергии энергомашин, компрессоров, насосов, электрогенераторов и криогенных газовых машин Стирлинга на производство СПГ комплексом, снижение величины которого является актуальной задачей.In the proposed complex, the liquefied mass of LNG and the power of the electric drives of the cryogenic machines of the cold generators of this gas mass are related by the efficiency indicator of their functioning - the specific energy consumption for liquefying natural gas

which takes into account the energy costs of energy machines, compressors, pumps, electric generators and Stirling cryogenic gas machines for LNG production by a complex, the reduction of which is an urgent task.

для прототипа при единичной производительности комплекса, равной 1 т/час, мощности электродвигателей компрессора и КГМ Стирлинга соответствуют величины ~45 кВт.The unit productivity of the constituent elements of the complex’s cold generators, their weight and size indicators must meet the requirements of manufacturability of the manufacture and installation / dismantling of the complex in ship conditions on an underwater floating facility (LNG floating plant). Based on the value

for the prototype with a unit capacity of the complex equal to 1 t / h, the power of the compressor electric motors and KGM Stirling correspond to values of ~ 45 kW.

 For the stable operation of electric drives of compressors, cryogenic gas Stirling machines, their electric motors should be selected with a safety factor for the rated moment K = 1.2.

КВт на валу исполнительного двигателя (ИД) при подведенной к ИД мощности

КВт уменьшается, а КПД асинхронного исполнительного электродвигателя η=0,85 [3] и величина потерь мощности зависит от нагрузки ИД, и от соответствующего значения η, где U, I - подведенные к ИД ток и напряжение.Net power

KW on the shaft of the executive motor (ID) with power supplied to the ID

The kW decreases, and the efficiency of the asynchronous actuator motor is η = 0.85 [3] and the amount of power loss depends on the load of the ID, and on the corresponding value of η, where U, I are the current and voltage supplied to the ID.

Эффективность электромашин, в т.ч. электродвигателей приводов генераторов холода в комплексе, может быть повышена путем снижения электрических потерь в обмотках электромашин посредством применения гиперпроводников, например, из бериллия, высокой чистоты (примеси ВеО составляют 0,02%) и их охлаждения до криогенных температур ~60...70 К. Экспериментально установлено [4] снижение удельного электросопротивления проводника из бериллия в 50...60 раз по сравнению с электросопротивлением его при Т=273 К.

Efficiency of electric cars, including the electric motors of the drives of the cold generators in the complex can be increased by reducing electric losses in the windings of electric machines through the use of hyperconductors, for example, from beryllium, high purity (BeO impurities are 0.02%) and their cooling to cryogenic temperatures ~ 60 ... 70 K It was experimentally established [4] that the specific electrical resistance of a beryllium conductor was reduced by a factor of 50 ... 60 compared to its electrical resistance at T = 273 K.

 The ratio of losses in the windings of electric machines and cables of the complex at 300 K from beryllium to electric losses at a temperature of 60-70 K and the power consumption for cooling them with supercooled liquid nitrogen is assumed to be 7.5 [2].

In the technical solution of the invention as applied to the described complex for use in the conditions of the “Abramov complex for commercial development of natural gas fields” (Decision to grant a patent for an invention dated 10.24.2001 FIPS of Rospatent on application 97101822/28 of 01.23.1997) costs for cryo supply with liquid supercooled nitrogen as a cryoagent, which is a component of natural gas, should be partially included (15 ... 20%), because the cryoagent is cooled by 40 ... 30 ^o from the LNG temperature of 111 ... 100 K to the supercooling temperature of liquid nitrogen ~ 70 K, and the ratio indicated in [2] is much more than 7.5.

 When electric current flows through the beryllium conductors of the windings of electrical machines of complexes cooled to cryogenic temperatures of 60 ... 70 K, the internal energy in the current conductors and the transfer of thermal energy to the environment decrease, which decreases by 7 kW or 15 for an electric motor with a power of 45 kW %

Profit for the entire duration of the 30-year project “Complex for the commercial development of natural gas fields” with a productivity of 30 billion m ³ per year on the use of beryllium liquid nitrogen hyperconductors in the windings of electric machines (drive electric motors of compressors, LNG transfer pumps, cryogenic Stirling gas machines and electric generators) will be $ 30 billion. Profit over the entire duration of this project is 30 years under the heading of reducing the power consumption of the complex (reducing specific energy costs for liquefying GHGs) due to the introduction of cold generators with vortex coolers in the complex without taking into account cooling of the non-liquefied GHG stream of HE is $ 30 billion.

The economic effect of using the invention can be increased tenfold compared with the estimated economic effect of the project of 60 billion US dollars when developing giant natural gas deposits on the shelf of the Arctic seas of Russia, for example, the Shtokman gas condensate field with proven GH reserves of ~ 3 trillion. m ³ and LNG export by methane carriers to the world market according to the international agreement concluded in 2001 with the European Union on doubling the volumes of Russian gas deliveries to Western Europe.

When LNG is supercooled to 100 K, its density increases by 15%, and the transported mass to the world market, for example, to Western Europe (short arm) can be delivered by 15% fewer methane carriers, which will be two methane carriers when implementing the GHG export program with a volume of ~ 30 billion m ³ per year.

The economic effect of the technical solution for LNG subcooling and reducing the number of methane carriers in the LNG export program will be equal to the cost of two methane carriers with a cargo capacity of 135 thousand m ³ - $ 500 million for the duration of the project for the field development of GHGs using an offshore platform (30 years) .

 The use of beryllium in the windings of 10 thousand power machines, which according to the Research Institute of Materials, St. Petersburg, costs $ 70 per 1 kg on the world market, in an asynchronous motor, for example, type 4AH180M with a power of 45 kW, weight 186 kg, 30% which is made up of copper winding conductors, is valued at $ 8 million.

The cost of nitrogen cryostats for locating the power machines of the LNG floating plant project complexes, as a prototype of which you can take the cryogenic reservoir of the Republic of Kazakhstan - 2 / 0.25, the price of 625 thousand rubles. Sibkriotekhnika OJSC, Omsk, is 200 thousand US dollars. Neither the high 2 ... 3 US dollars per 1000 m ³ price of GHGs at the nozzle, nor the above cost items, nor the cost of manufacturing GHG liquefaction complexes, and even a half reduction (up to 15 years) of the service life of the equipment of the complexes will not be able to significantly affect high profitability of the proposed technical solutions in the invention. The feasibility studies on the effectiveness of the use of a natural gas liquefaction complex in a field development complex for GHG deposits on the shelf of the Arctic seas of Russia are based on the cost of LNG (non-cooled) of $ 300 / t on the world market.

Comparative tests of the equivalence of the amounts of gasoline and natural gas [5] carried out at VNIIGas, ensuring the performance of the same transport work, establish the ratio: 1 ton of gasoline is equivalent to 1075 m ^{3 of} steam fuel.

When setting the price of gas, it should be compared with the price of gasoline, which is the closest to gas in terms of octane number, i.e. with AI-98 or Extra, and the change in LNG prices can vary widely depending on the world market conditions for energy in crisis periods, which takes into account the cost of gasoline, up to $ 1 / liter, LNG subcooling and the ratio for the performance of transport work in the tests: 1 m ³ GHG corresponds to 1.25 l of AI-98 gasoline. The mass of 1000 m ³ GHG under standard conditions of 0.1013 MPa and 293 K is 0.71 tons of LNG. In the same way, the above ratios of transport work and the cost of GHGs and gasoline play the role of a regulatory law.

Literature
1. Zaitsev V.V., Korobanov Yu.N. Gas carriers. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1990.- 304s.

 2. Venikov V. A. et al. Superconductors in the energy sector. / Under the general. ed. V.A. Venikova. - M .: Energy, 1972.

 3. Directory of the machine builder in 6 volumes. T 2. - M., 1960. - 484s.

 4. Vachet P. Leberyllium et les cryomachines, RGE, 1965, t. 74, 6.

 5. Vasiliev Yu.N., Gritsenko A.I., Zolotorevsky L.S. Gas transport. - M .: Nedra, 1992.

Claims (20)

1. A complex for liquefying gases, made in the form of a cold generator, consisting of two circuits - a refrigerated closed circuit, including a pump for pumping liquid gas with a drive to the storage or to the liquefied gas extraction system, a condenser-evaporator, a turbine, a shell-and-tube condenser, a mixing condenser, a throttle valve and an ejector, the passive nozzle of which is connected to the liquid space of the mixing capacitor, the active nozzles are connected to the vapor space of the mixing capacitor, and the output nozzle is connected to the space of the mixing condenser, and the production open circuit, including a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a condenser-evaporator, the pipe space of which is in communication with a closed refrigeration circuit, and a compressor, characterized in that at least one additional cold generator is introduced into it, made in the form of a liquefaction unit with at least one vortex cooler located in a cryostat and containing a liquefied gas supply system and a liquefied gas removal system Included in the main liquefied gas extraction system, and at least one outlet nozzle neszhizhennogo exhaust gas vortex coolant conduit coupled with annulus evaporator-condenser of a production loop. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one cold generator, made in the form of a cryogenic gas machine for supercooling liquefied natural gas, operating on the reverse Stirling cycle, and is connected to a system for removing liquefied natural gas and a supercooled system liquefied natural gas. 3. The complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one cold generator, made in the form of a cryogenic gas machine operating on the reverse Stirling cycle, for liquefying or supercooling the nitrogen of natural gas as a component of natural gas. 4. The complex according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that outboard sea water is used as the refrigerant of the cooling system of the warm sides of the cryogenic Stirling gas machine. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling circuit of the supplied natural gas is introduced, made of heat exchange elements, the refrigerant of which interacts in a heat ratio with the supply system of the liquefied natural gas. 6. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the outboard sea water is used as a refrigerant in the circuit. 7. The complex according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the drives of the cold generators are made predominantly electric. 8. The complex according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 7, characterized in that it is equipped with a cryostat to accommodate electric motors of cold generators. 9. The complex according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 7, characterized in that the current-carrying devices to electrical devices are equipped with cooling devices. 10. The complex according to claim 9, characterized in that outboard sea water is used as a refrigerant in the cooling devices. 11. The complex according to claim 9, characterized in that the current-carrying cables of current-carrying devices are made of beryllium. 12. The complex according to claim 9, characterized in that in the cooling devices, liquid nitrogen or supercooled liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant. 13. The complex according to claim 9, characterized in that liquefied natural gas or supercooled liquefied natural gas is used as a refrigerant in cooling devices. 14. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the windings of the electric generators are made of beryllium. 15. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the windings of the electric motors of the drives of the cold generators are made of beryllium. 16. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a cryostat for placing an electric generator. 17. The complex according to claim 1 or 2, or 3, characterized in that the base foundations of the elements of the cold generators are equipped with supports of two types with two levels of support, removable rolling bearings for transportation and installation supports. 18. The complex according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 17, characterized in that the base foundations are equipped with fixing elements with the possibility of using them from the displacement of the bases in the horizontal plane, located mainly on the lateral planes relative to the main view. 19. The complex according to p. 18, characterized in that the locking elements are made in the form of cylindrical surfaces made to the entire height of the base. 20. The complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the system of supercooled liquefied natural gas or a cryogenic gas machine for supercooled liquefied natural gas is connected by a pipe to the annulus of the condenser-evaporator of the production circuit.

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