RU2220892C2 - Method and device for hard-grained material discharge from hopper, silo and similar container - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: storage, transportation and discharge equipment for easy-caking and bridging bulk materials. SUBSTANCE: method involves discharging hard-grained material through slot-like orifice formed by container cylindrical body and container bottom, which extends beyond container body and regulating material flow by vertical moving of ring seal located outside container body. Rotating disc for material discharging from container is arranged under container bottom. Disc has blades bending around container bottom and entering through slot-like orifice into container. Disc rotates for material loosening by blades and material removing from container lower part. Ring seal side openings are closed by doors, which are opened in case of material bridging for loosening thereof. Container bottom has cuts made under doors. Number of cuts is equal to number of doors. EFFECT: decreased power consumption; possibility of controllable material discharge directly in vehicle location. 7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to the means used for storage, transportation and unloading of bulk materials that are subject to arching and caking, and are intended for the controlled release of difficult-to-flow material from a hopper, silo or the like.

 It is known a bunker device comprising a housing and a bottom, separated along the perimeter by a slotted hole, a cone mounted on the bottom in the center, a conveyor under the bottom of the hopper and guides to prevent spillage, and a belt is installed around the perimeter of the hopper body at the bottom, which overlaps the slotted hole with the possibility of vertical movement along the body of the hopper (RU 2146219 C1, CL 65 G 65/34, publ. 10.03.2000).

 This hopper device allows the method of controlled release from the hopper of bulk material subject to arch formation, which consists in the release of bulk material located in the hopper body through the slot hole between the housing and the bottom of the hopper when lifting the belt. At the same time, it is possible to prevent the formation of cakes of packed bulk material during unloading of this bunker device only by periodically raising and lowering the belt, which is ineffective, especially when there is a high degree of caking of bulk material.

 The disadvantage of these known methods and devices is the impossibility of initiating the precipitation of caked loose bulk material from the hopper due to the absence of any devices for loosening caked loose bulk material and the destruction of arches formed therein.

 Known feeder bulk materials containing a hopper with a dispensing device located in the lower part in the form of a plate with a spherical outer surface and a mechanism of its oscillation with a drive, and the oscillation mechanism of the plate is made in the form of a curved treadmill mounted on the inner wall of the hopper and mounted on a spherical the surface of the plate of the rollers installed in the box, while the edges of the box facing the plate are mated to its spherical surface, and the drive is equipped with a cardan joint, connected to a plate (SU 1743543 A1, class A 23 N 17/00, B 65 G 65/48, publ. 30.06.92).

 During operation, this feeder of bulk materials implements a method for the controlled release of bulk material from the hopper, which consists in the release of bulk material in the hopper through the discharge windows in the plate and initiating the precipitation of this material from the hopper by rotating the plate, which copies, resting on rollers, a curved treadmill and oscillates in accordance with the curvature of the track.

 The disadvantage of this known feeder of bulk materials and the method of controlled release of these materials from the hopper that he implements is the low efficiency of collapse, arbitrary during plate rotation, since its area of action is limited by the treadmill and plate vibrations do not have a sufficient effect on the upstream arches and lintels of packed bulk material.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed method and device are a method for the controlled release of difficult-to-flow material from a hopper, silo or the like capacity, which consists in the release of hard-to-flow material located in the container through a slot gap formed by the cylindrical body of the container with a predominantly circular cross-section and its bottom, uniformly protruding in the plan outside the enclosure, along the perimeter of the latter, initiating the precipitation of this material from the tank by rotation in the mountains the isontal plane of the disk located under the bottom of the container with blades fixed on it, enveloping the bottom of the container and passing through the aforementioned slotted gap into the cavity of the container to a cone mounted at the top center on its bottom, loosening caked hard-flowing material and removing it from the lower part of the container cavity by these blades and additional initiation of the rash from the tank of hard-flowing material during the formation of arches due to caking and reduce the release of this material from the tank, ADDITIONAL initiating eruptions from the container trudnosypuchih material produced by the rotation of the cone ripper; and also a device for implementing this method, comprising a cylindrical container body of predominantly circular cross-section, its bottom with a cone mounted on top of it at its center, uniformly projecting outside the housing and located with the formation of a gap between it and the housing around the perimeter of the latter, a disk located under the bottom of the container with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane with blades fixed on it, enveloping the bottom of the container and passing through the slotted shutter in the cavity of the container to the cone on its bottom, and a disk rotation drive, and on the top of the cone mounted with the possibility of rotation along the generatrix of the cone, a cultivator, if necessary kinematically connected by a drive (RU 2148315 C1, class A 01 K 5/02, B 65 G 65 / 34, publ. 10.05.2000).

 The disadvantage of the above methods for the controlled release of difficult-to-flow material from a hopper, silo and the like capacity and device for its implementation is the high energy consumption of the process of releasing hard-flowing material from the capacity due to the additional energy consumption for rotation of the cultivator along the generatrix of the cone with the additional initiation of the pouring out of the capacity of hard-flowing material during formation arches due to caking and reducing the release of this material from the tank.

 The objective of the present invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the process of releasing refractory material from a hopper, silo, or the like capacity by eliminating the energy cost of additionally initiating the precipitation of refractory material from the reservoir while maintaining the possibility of such additional initiation of precipitation of refractory material from the reservoir when arches are formed due to caking and reduction of output this material from the tank.

 In terms of the method, the solution of the problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlled release of hard-to-flow material from a hopper, silo or the like, consisting in the release of hard-to-flow material located in the tank through a slot gap formed by the cylindrical body of the tank of predominantly circular cross section and its bottom, uniformly protruding in the plan outside the housing, along the perimeter of the latter, initiating a rash from the tank of this material by rotation in a horizontal plane and a disk located under the bottom of the container with blades fixed on it, enveloping the bottom of the container and passing through the aforementioned slotted gap into the cavity of the container to a cone mounted on top from the center on its bottom, loosening caking hard-flowing material and removing it from the lower part of the cavity of the container with these blades and additional initiation of the precipitation of the bulk material from the tank during the formation of arches due to caking and reducing the release of this material from the tank, according to the invention, the flow rate material launched from the container through the aforementioned slotted gap is controlled by vertical movement of the annular shutter installed outside the container body with the possibility of overlapping the slotted gap, and additional precipitation of the hard-to-flow material from the container is made by controlled opening of the shutter or shutters on one or more side openings in the ring shutter, respectively under which the corresponding number of cuts is made in the bottom of the tank.

 In terms of the device, the task is achieved by the fact that the device for the controlled release of hard-to-flow material from the hopper, silo and the like capacity, containing a cylindrical body of the tank is predominantly round cross-section, its bottom with a cone mounted on top of its center, uniformly protruding in plan outside the housing and located with the formation of a gap between it and the housing along the perimeter of the latter, located under the bottom of the tank with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plate oskosti disk with blades mounted on it, enveloping the bottom of the tank and passing through the aforementioned slotted gap into the cavity of the tank to the cone on its bottom, and the drive of rotation of the disk, according to the invention, is equipped with an annular shutter with a side opening installed outside the container body to overlap the slotted gap, having a shutter blocking it, an actuator for vertical movement of the annular shutter and means for controlling the shutter, and a cutout is located in the bottom of the container located under the side opening of the annular about the shutter.

 At least one additional side opening may be made in the annular shutter having an overlapping shutter connected to the means for controlling it, and in this case, an appropriate number of cutouts located under the side openings of the annular closure should be made in the bottom of the container.

 Side holes made in the annular shutter can be located evenly around its perimeter.

 The valves can have both a general means of controlling them and individual means of controlling them.

 The annular shutter and the bottom of the tank can be locked with the possibility of joint rotation around the vertical axis of the tank body.

 In a preliminary embodiment of the structural embodiment of the proposed device, the control device for the shutter or shutters consists of a drive for moving the shutter or shutters, a sensor or sensors for weight or flow rate of the exhaust material, each of which is installed under a corresponding cutout in the bottom of the tank, and a control unit connecting each of these sensors to actuator moving the corresponding damper.

 The blades are preferably mounted radially and removably on the disk for repair and replacement.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a device for the controlled release of hard-to-flow material from a hopper, silo or the like capacity, side view of the shutter; figure 2 is the same, a top view; figure 3 is the same, a vertical section along the axis of the tank.

 The proposed method for the controlled release of difficult-to-flow material from a hopper, silo, or similar container is to release the hard-to-flow material located in the container through a slotted gap formed by a cylindrical container body of a predominantly circular cross-section and its bottom uniformly projecting outward from the housing, along the perimeter of the latter, in which the flow rate discharged from the tank through the aforementioned slotted gap of the material is controlled by the vertical movement of the annular shutter installed on the outside of the container body with the possibility of overlapping the slot gap, initiating the precipitation of this material from the tank by rotating in a horizontal plane a disk located under the bottom of the container with blades fixed on it, enveloping the bottom of the container and passing through the slotted gap into the cavity of the container to a cone mounted on top of center on its bottom, loosening caked hard-flowing material and extracting it from the lower part of the cavity of the tank with these blades and additional initiation of the rash Ia trudnosypuchih from the container material during the formation of the arches due to its caking and reduce the release of this material from the vessel, which is produced by controlled opening flap or flaps, respectively on one or more lateral openings in the annular shutter by which the bottom tank performed a corresponding number of cutouts.

 This method is carried out by the device described below for the controlled release of hard-flowing material from a hopper, silo or the like capacity during its operation.

 A device for the controlled release of difficult-to-flow material from a hopper, silo, or similar container contains a cylindrical body 1 of a container of predominantly circular cross section and its bottom 2 with a cone 3 mounted on top of its center. and is located with the formation of a gap gap 4 between it and the housing 1 around the perimeter of the latter. Under the bottom 2 of the tank, a disk 5 is mounted for rotation in a horizontal plane with blades 6 fixed on it, enveloping the bottom of the tank 2 and passing through the slotted gap 4 into the cavity of the tank to the cone 3 on its bottom 2. The disk 5 is kinematically connected to the drive (in the drawings not shown) its rotation. Outside the housing 1 of the tank is installed with the possibility of overlapping the slotted gap 4 of the annular shutter 7 with a side opening having a shutter blocking it 8. The shutter 7 is kinematically connected with an autonomous drive (not shown) of its vertical movement. The valve 8 is associated with a means (not shown) of controlling it. In the bottom 2 of the tank, a cut-out 9 is located, located under the side hole of the annular shutter 7, blocked by a shutter 8.

 At least one additional side opening may be made in the annular shutter 7, having a shutter blocking it associated with its control means (not shown in the drawings), and in this case, in the bottom of the container 2, an appropriate number of cuts should be made (not shown in the drawings shown) located under the side openings of the annular shutter 7.

 Side openings made in the annular shutter 7 may be unevenly located or, preferably, evenly around the perimeter of the shutter 7.

 The valves can have both a general means of controlling them and individual means of controlling them.

 The annular shutter 7 and the bottom of the tank 2 can be locked with the possibility of joint rotation around the vertical axis of the tank body 1 to accommodate the side opening of the annular shutter 7 blocked by the shutter 8 and a cutout 9 located in the bottom of the tank 2 located under this hole, above the transport installed under the unloaded tank means.

 The control device for the damper or dampers may consist (not shown in the drawings) of a drive for moving the damper or dampers, a sensor or sensors for the weight or flow rate of the exhaust material, each of which is installed under a corresponding cutout in the bottom of the tank, and a control unit that connects each of these sensors to actuator moving the corresponding damper.

 The blades 6 are preferably mounted on the disk 5 radially and with the possibility of removal for repair and replacement.

 A device for the controlled release of refractory material from a hopper, silo or the like capacity works as follows.

 Filling the tank with a loose material for storage or transportation is carried out with the annular shutter 7 lowered to the blades 6.

 Before releasing hard-flowing material from the tank, vehicles are installed under it and the interlocked annular shutter 7 and the bottom of the tank are rotated around the housing 1, having a cutout 9 (or cut-outs) in the bottom of the tank 2 above the corresponding vehicle. To release the discharged material from the tank, the vertical shutter 7 is driven and the initial minimum shutter 7 is lifted. Then, the rotation drive of the disk 5 is turned on and a hard-flowing material is pulled out of the tank by rotation in the horizontal plane of the disk 5 with blades 6 fixed to it passing through the slotted gap 4 into the cavity of the tank to the cone 3, mounted on top in the center on the bottom 2 of the tank. In this case, the blades 6 loosen the caking hard-flowing material, remove it from the lower part of the cavity of the tank and take it out through the slot 4 to the outside of the housing 1, and then move along the bottom 2 to the cutout 9, which is discharged from the tank, which is discharged from the tank into the vehicle. With this mode of operation of the device, the flow rate of material discharged from the tank through the gap gap 4 is controlled by vertical movement of the annular shutter 7.

 When arches or jumpers are formed in the container of hard-flowing material due to caking and a decrease in the release of this material from the tank, additional initiation of the precipitation of the hard-flowing material from the tank is carried out, which is produced by controlled opening of the shutter 8 (or shutters) on the side opening (or side openings) in the annular shutter 7. In this case, the material discharged from the tank, stimulated by rotating blades 6, pours out of the hole (s) in the annular shutter 7 directly in the cut h 9 (cuts) in the bottom 2 and falls into the appropriate vehicle.

 The process of controlling the performance of the discharge from the tank of a hard-flowing material and the additional initiation of a precipitation from the tank of this material can be automated by the above-described execution of the control means of the shutter or shutters.

 If the discharge rate of discharge of discharged material from the tank decreases below the required value for a given position of the annular shutter 7 and the maximum opening of the shutter 8 (shutters), shut the shutter 8 (shutters) and raise the shutter 7 to a high height, thereby starting the next cycle of the above-described operations of releasing hard-flowing material from the tank.

 The data of the invention, both the method and the device, provide a reduction in the energy consumption of the process of releasing hard-to-flow material from a hopper, silo, or the like, since energy costs for vertical movements of the annular shutter and controlling the shutter or shutters when initiating the pouring of hard-to-go material from the tank are minimal , and also provide the ability to control the process of unloading of bulk materials regardless of the shelf life in silos, silos or similar containers and the possibility to release them at the location of the vehicles.

Claims (9)

1. The method of controlled release of difficult-to-flow material from a hopper, silo, or the like capacity, which consists in the release of hard-to-flow material located in the container through a slotted gap formed by the cylindrical body of the container, mainly of circular cross section, and its bottom, uniformly projecting outward from the body, along the perimeter of the latter, initiating the precipitation from the container of this material by rotation in the horizontal plane of the disk located under the bottom of the container with l with mouths enveloping the bottom of the container and passing through the slotted gap into the cavity of the container to a cone mounted at the top center on its bottom, loosening caking hard-flowing material and removing it from the lower part of the cavity of the tank with these blades and additionally initiating the pouring out of the tank of hard-flowing material when arches are formed due to caking and a decrease in the release of this material from the tank, characterized in that the flow rate of the material discharged from the tank through said slotted gap p they are guided by vertical movement of the annular shutter installed outside the container body with the possibility of overlapping the gap gap, and additional initiation of the precipitation of the refractory material from the tank is carried out by adjustable opening of the shutter or shutters, respectively, on one or more side openings in the ring shutter, under which a corresponding amount is made in the bottom of the container cutouts. 2. A device for the controlled release of difficult-to-flow material from a hopper, silo, or the like, containing a cylindrical body of the vessel, mainly of cross section, its bottom with a cone mounted on top of its center, protruding uniformly in plan from the outside of the body and located with a slot the gap between it and the housing along the perimeter of the latter, located under the bottom of the tank with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, a disk with blades fixed to it, enveloping the bottom of the tank and passing through the aforementioned slotted gap into the cavity of the container to a cone on its bottom, and a disk rotation drive, characterized in that it is provided with an annular shutter installed on the outside of the container body with the possibility of overlapping the slotted gap with a side opening having an annular cover blocking it, shutter and control means of the shutter, and in the bottom of the tank there is a cutout located under the side opening of the annular shutter. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one additional side opening is made in the annular shutter having a shutter blocking it associated with its control means, and a corresponding number of cutouts located under the side openings are made in the bottom of the container ring shutter. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the side openings made in the annular shutter are evenly spaced around its perimeter. 5. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the shutters have a common means of controlling them. 6. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the dampers have individual means of controlling them. 7. The device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the annular shutter and the bottom of the tank are interlocked with the possibility of joint rotation about the vertical axis of the container body. 8. The device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the control means of the shutter or shutters consists of a drive for moving the shutter or shutters, a sensor or sensors for weight or flow rate of the material being released, each of which is installed under a corresponding cutout in the bottom of the tank, and a control unit linking each of these sensors with a movement actuator of the corresponding damper. 9. The device according to any one of paragraphs.2-8, characterized in that the blades are mounted on the disk radially and with the possibility of removal for repair and replacement.

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