RU2217046C2 - Method for selecting functionally similar zones in anatomically complete receptive sensitivity fields - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves irritating and inhibiting receptors of one of selected zones of the first receptive sensitivity field, recording rhythmic brain potential activity response by determining their frequency and amplitude before and after receptor irritation or inhibition. The same work is done later in turn on every selected zone of another receptive sensitivity field. Identity of rhythmic brain potential activity responses in the examined zones of the receptive sensitivity fields being found, functional similarity conclusion is to be drawn. To take rhythmic brain potential activity responses, electrodes are arranged on temporoparietal and frontal zones. The process is observed during a period that is significantly longer than one corresponding to the lowest recorded frequency. EFFECT: high accuracy and objectiveness in finding functionally similar zones. 2 cl, 20 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of neurophysiology and physiology of sensory systems that study the integration of analyzer systems, more precisely the integration of visceral and somatic analyzers, and can be used to create reflexodiagnostic systems for diagnosing the state of the body and diseases of the internal organs of a person.

Known methods for identifying the location of functionally similar zones in anatomically completed fields of receptive sensitivity, including "mapping" the representation of the skin analyzer in the somatosensory zone of the postcentral gyrus of the human cerebral cortex, for which, by comparing the points of irritation on the surface of the skin with the points of the cortex that give the maximum response, find projection of "various areas of the body surface on the somatosensory cortex" point to point ". At the same time, in the “primary” somatosensory region, a high degree of topographic organization of the body diagram and signs of metamerism are noted (see the books Adrian ED Double representation of the feet in the sensory cortex of the cat. J. Phiziol., 1940, v. 98, pl6 .; Mountcastle VB Medical Pfysiology, v. 2, St. Louis, 1968; Darian-Smith I. Somatic sensation. - Ann. Rev. Physiol., 1969, v. 31, p. 417, as well as a solution sufficiently close to the claimed described in the book - S. Musyashchikova and V. N. Chernigovsky "Cortical and subcortical representation of visceral systems", Nauka, Leningrad, 1973, 287 p.). Since somatic and visceral afferent systems have the same topical representation in the cerebral cortex with a typical “metameric” plan of structure, this allows the interaction of both systems (viscerosomatic integration) at all levels of the brain and spinal cord both in the primary projection zones and in associative sensitivity fields. In this case, a “map” of the representation of visceral systems in the cerebral cortex is obtained by the method of evoked potentials
However, such a "map" can be used in the diagnosis of internal organs only in acute experience. It is not possible to remove from the scalp information on the state of individual elements of the “map” (with high resolution) (when taking electroencephalograms from the scalp, the distance between the electrodes of less than 2 cm is not justified. With a size of the central groove of 5-6 cm this gives a very low accuracy of topographic measurements Shevelev I. A. Functional mapping of the brain / J. Successes in physiological sciences. 1987, v. 18. 2. p. 17). In this regard, the above methods are purely methodological and have not found application in practical medicine.

 There is also a known method for identifying the location of functionally similar zones in anatomically completed receptive sensitivity fields, including irritating one of the specified zones of the first receptive sensitivity field and then examining all specified zones of the other receptive sensitivity field to identify the location of the zone that has reacted to this irritation (see the book Cropei X . "A Brief Guide to Auricular Acupuncture." Brochure 3.2.0. Systematics. Translation from German under the editorship of Prof. F. G. Portnova, Riga. 1977).

 This method has either low resolution (the minimum size of the detected area is dermatoma, if you use a methodology that is correct from the standpoint recognized by modern medicine), or is characterized by great subjectivity (acupuncture technology).

 If we consider the above known methods from the perspective of the interaction of two receptor fields - the field of visceral sensitivity (internal organs) and the field of somatic skin sensitivity, then it is implemented either on the basis of the known segmental affiliation of the internal organs, or empirically (acupuncture), which introduces great uncertainty in the interpretation of the diagnostic information.

 The problem to which the claimed solution is directed is expressed in increasing the resolution of the method and its reliability.

 The technical result achieved in solving the problem is expressed in the possibility of identifying functionally similar zones of any given size, in addition, the subjectivity of this process is eliminated by introducing a single easily qualifiable objective parameter, in addition, based on the use of this objective parameter, it is possible to identify functionally similar zones, regardless of the type of compared, anatomically completed receptive sensitivity fields.

 The problem is solved in that the method for identifying the location of functionally similar zones in anatomically completed receptive sensitivity fields, including irritating one of the specified zones of the first receptive sensitivity field and subsequent examination of all specified zones of the other receptive sensitivity field with identifying the location of the zone that responded to this irritation, differs the fact that when one of the specified zones of the first field of receptive sensitivity is irritated, the maximum p the action of the rhythmic activity of the potentials of the brain, for which their frequency and amplitude are determined before and after stimulation, then the same work is carried out sequentially on all specified zones of another field of receptive sensitivity, after which, when the reactions of the rhythmic activity of the potentials of the brain detected in the examined zones are equal anatomically completed fields of receptive sensitivity, make a conclusion about the functional similarity of such zones. In addition, the difference between rhythmic activity in the temporal-parietal and frontal leads of the brain is revealed. In addition, to remove the reactions of the potentials of the rhythmic activity of the brain, the electrodes are placed in the temporoparietal and frontal leads, while the process itself is conducted with an integration time significantly longer than the period of the lowest recorded frequency.

 A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the signs of the prototype and analogues indicates the compliance of the claimed solution with the criterion of "novelty."

The features of the characterizing part of the claims solve the following functional tasks:
The sign "... when one of the specified zones of the first field of receptive sensitivity is irritated, the maximum reaction of the rhythmic activity of the brain potentials is recorded" makes it possible to evaluate reactions to zone irritation in any anatomically completed fields of receptive sensitivity based on the use of a single easily quantifiable (i.e. quantitatively evaluated ) an objective parameter, the fixation of which is sufficiently developed and easy to implement.

 The sign "... For which they determine their (i.e. brain potentials) frequency and amplitude before and after stimulation" provides the ability to identify and fix the reaction parameters of receptive zones to irritation.

 The sign "... then the same work is carried out sequentially on all specified zones of another field of receptive sensitivity" allows you to identify the reaction parameters of the zones of any other field of receptive sensitivity, i.e. get objective material for a comparative assessment.

 The signs "... after which, with the equality of the maximum reactions of the rhythmic activity of the potentials of the brain revealed in the examined areas of the anatomically completed fields of receptive sensitivity, make a conclusion about the functional similarity of such zones" provide the very process of comparison.

 The signs of the second and third claims provide increased accuracy and reliability of the assessment.

 In FIG. Figures 1-3 are illustrations illustrating the principles of organizing the "Segmented Matrix" used to topographically attach the position of the examined zones on the human body. In FIG. 1 shows directly the "Segmented Matrix"; in FIG. 2 shows the segmental innervation of the body (dividing its surface into dermatomas); in FIG. 3 - the same - zonal innervation of the body (dividing its surface into vertical zones); in FIG. Figures 4–9 show examples of irritation of various topography sections of the skin analyzer and the reaction of the power spectrum (i.e., amplitude) and the frequency of the electroencephalogram in the “Segmented Matrix” frequency coordinate system: in FIG. 4 - view of the envelope of the power spectrum during stimulation of the anteromedian line in the sacred segments — spectral coordinate of the maximum reaction (coordinate S2, F7-4 — hereinafter, the solid line in the spectrum envelope is the right hemisphere, the dashed line is the left); in FIG. 5 is a view of the envelope of the power spectrum with stimulation of the posterior median line (back) in the L3 segment. Maximum spectrum response with coordinates (Fl-2, L3); in FIG. 6 is a view of the envelope of the power spectrum during stimulation of the Th1 segment along the paravertebral line (back). Maximum spectrum response with coordinates (F2-1, Th1); in FIG. 7 is a view of the envelope of the power spectrum with stimulation of the Th7 segment along the axillary midline. Maximum spectrum response with coordinates (F4-2, Th7); in FIG. 8 is a view of the envelope of the power spectrum with irritation of the Th8-9 segment along the abdomen, several centimeters to the right and above the navel. Maximum spectrum response with coordinates (F7-2, Th9); in FIG. 9 is a view of the envelope of the power spectrum with irritation of the L5 segment along the abdomen on the left. Maximum spectrum response with coordinates (F6-1, L5); in FIG. 10 shows a powerful anomaly (asymmetry) in the spectral region with coordinates (F6-1, Th1); in FIG. 11 shows a projection of the skin sensitivity field onto the outer surface of the auricle; in FIG. 12 shows braking, and FIG. 13 - excitation of "alpha" adrenoreceptors of the vessels of the nasal mucosa by the drug "DOMOS". The maximum synchronization reaction of the left and right hemisphere is observed in the cells of the “segmental matrix” with coordinates (F2-4, Th3-4). In FIG. Figure 14 shows the excited beta-1 myocardial adrenergic receptors in the segmental region (Th1-Th3) - synchronization of the left and right hemispheres and the inhibition of beta-1 adrenergic receptors with ANAPRILIN; in FIG. 15 shows the maximum mismatch in the activity of the left and right hemispheres (inhibition), observed in the cells of the "segmental matrix" (F2-2, Th1-Th4); in FIG. 16 and 17 show the process of inhibition of M-cholinergic receptors of the gastric fundus by GASTROCEPIN (in Fig. 16 - shows the initial state, in Fig. 17 - the reaction itself). Maximum inhibition (asymmetry of the left and right hemispheres) is observed in the cells of the segmental matrix (F6-5, Th6-7); in FIG. 18 and 19 show the process of pronounced excitation of "beta-2" adrenergic receptors of the cervical region with the drug GINIPRAL (in Fig. 18 - shows the initial state, in Fig. 19 - the reaction itself). The maximum reaction of the cells of the “segmental matrix” is observed in coordinates (Fl-4, L5); in FIG. 20 shows the result of sequential comparison and determination of zones with the same spectral reaction (identical cells in the spectral segmental matrix).

 The claimed method is based on well-known studies on the integration of afferent systems, performed by the following authors: A.S. Batuev, A.V. Waldman, R. A. Durinyan, E.Sh. Ayrapetyants, and studies of nonspecific and activating brain function: R.A. Durinyan, V.F. Ananin and others

 In solving this problem, it is important to have a coordinate system in which the position of each zone of the receptive sensitivity field can be uniquely “tied”. Historically, the center of research and the reference frame in the integration of analyzers has become the most sensitive skin sensitivity field for research.

 When implementing the claimed solution, a direction is used in the description of the coordinates of the body diagram, based on the use of traces of the metameric organization of the peripheral part of the central nervous system. In this area, works are known (authors - A.M. Grinshtein (1946), Hansen, Schilak (1962), M. B. Krol (1936), Forster (1936), V.M. Bekhterev (1926), etc. ), in which the basic principles of viscodermal integration are studied using the concepts of “dermatomes” and “body segments” to describe the coordinates of various effects of the interaction of receptive analyzer fields. It is known that the areas of distribution of cutaneous nerves (mainly sensitive) of the body are organized into "segments" - "belts" or "dermatomes" - see figure 2, which form the "rows" of the segmental matrix. In addition, the areas of distribution of the peripheral spinal cutaneous cutaneous nerves of the trunk (including sensitive, effector-sympathetic and secretory-nerve fibers innervating smooth muscles, blood vessels, and skin glands) form vertically oriented zones that define the corresponding division (zoning) of dermatomes into sections. Zonal innervation forms the “columns” of the segmental matrix (see Fig. 3). Segmental and zonal innervation of the skin is formed by various branches of the intercostal nerves.

 Thus, the "Segmented Matrix" is a table of 32x35 cells and occupies a spectral band from 27 to 0.1 Hz. The vertical axis shows the numbers of dermatomes - 32, the horizontal axis - each dermatome is divided into 35 cells (7 zones, each of which is divided into 5 sections to increase accuracy).

The method includes the following steps:
- apply electrodes to take an electroencephalogram from a person’s head and connect them to amplifiers to record the reaction of the rhythmic activity of the potentials of the brain (evaluated by their frequency and amplitude before and after irritation);
- for comparison, take at least two fields of receptors of unimodal or multimodal sensitivity in order to identify their functional similarity;
- annoy one of the known methods, the site of the receptors of one field of sensitivity;
- in the recorded power spectrum of the electroencephalogram (frequency and amplitude of potentials) they are looking for a specific answer that differs from background recording by increasing the degree of synchronization of the left and right hemispheres at a specific spectral frequency (if the receptors were excited) or increasing the degree of asymmetry of the power of the left and right hemispheres (desynchronization) by specific spectral frequency (if receptors are inhibited);
- take the second field of sensitivity and sequentially irritate its receptors and record its responses in the power spectrum of electroencephalograms;
- sections of receptive fields having one spectral frequency and a synchronization and (or) desynchronization reaction are combined into one coherent structure. Many coherent (single-frequency) elements are functionally equally regulated by one coherent structure of the activating system of the brain, i.e., they are functionally similar.

 To implement the method, an electroencephalograph of any known design is required, providing a wide band of the signal under investigation (from 0.1 to 30 Hz), and a spectral analyzer of electroencephalogram signals.

 The method is as follows.

 Electroencephalograms are recorded in two leads - frontal on the left (Fs) and on the right (Fd); temporoparietal left (TPs) and right (TPd). Moreover, the electrodes Fs and TPs are connected to the inputs "-" and "+" of one differential amplifier of the electroencephalograph, and the electrodes (Fd) and (TPd) are connected, respectively, to the inputs "-" and "+" of another differential amplifier. With this connection, the amplitude and frequency of the local left and right signal of the amplifiers is proportional to the functional activity of the Activating Brain System, or rather its “frontal” - braking and “temporal-parietal” - activating areas.

 The leads analyze the amplitudes and frequencies of local maxima and minima, as well as the degree of synchronization along the left and right hemispheres. The signal integration time is at least 210 s. The spectrum is recorded in the range from 28 to 0.1 Hz.

 Further steps are based on the phenomenon of spectral somatotopy of unimodal receptors of a sensitive field discovered by the authors, i.e. the topographic location of each receptor of one type of sensitivity has a spectral difference. In addition, responses to irritation of receptors of various types of sensitivity have a significant spectral difference. Irritation of the receptor leads to the appearance of a spectral maximum synchronously in the left and right hemispheres, inhibition of the receptor leads to the appearance of an asymmetry of spectral density in the hemispheres. An illustration of this phenomenon is shown in FIG. 4-19.

 A functionally and anatomically complete field of sensitivity is examined (for example, the skin field of pain sensitivity of the entire human body), for which they begin, with any necessary discreteness, to apply point irritations to receptors by any known method (for example, a superficial skin injection before pain appears). After each stimulation is applied, the spectral power and the frequency of the rhythmic activity of the Brain Activating System are recorded, the spectral regions (clusters) that abnormally respond to the stimulation are isolated and registered. Each topographic section of the receptive field is assigned its own spectral maximum.

 They take another functionally and anatomically complete field of sensitivity of the same or different modality (for example, the outer surface of the auricle) and begin to irritate receptors with any necessary topographic discreteness (for example, pain ones - with a pin point with a needle until pain occurs). In this case, for each field point, the spectral responses of the Brain Activating System are recorded and anomalous reactions to irritation are identified in the form of a maximum response of the frequency and amplitude of the brain potentials.

 Two points on different sensitivity fields having the same spectral maximum are regulated from one section of the Brain Activating System and turn out to be functionally similar, i.e. local activation or inhibition of the receptors of these regions occurs simultaneously, they exhibit a strong functional connection.

 Thus, two functionally and anatomically completed sensitivity fields can be topographically combined based on the pointwise equality of their spectral characteristics or make them functionally similar. Moreover, knowledge of the local sensitivity of one section of a field automatically leads to a knowledge of the state of a similar section of another field.

 Take the N-oe field of sensitivity (the field of visceral receptors of the internal organs, the iris of the eye, scalp, palm, foot, mucous membrane of the tongue, nose, etc.) and, in the selected coordinate system, construct a functional similarity of unimodal or multimodal receptive fields with any required topographic discreteness.

 The method allows to detect the functional state of any hard-to-reach sensitivity fields (visceral analyzer) by a functionally similar but well accessible field for analysis (for example, the surface of the auricle), thereby constructing diagnostic systems with any predetermined accuracy and topographic resolution.

 EXAMPLE 1. The construction of a functional similarity of the two analytic fields of skin sensitivity - the surface of the human body and the outer surface of the auricle. The method is as follows.

 Impose sensors and record electroencephalograms in two leads - frontal left and right Fs, Fd; temporoparietal left and right TPs, TPd. The electrodes Fs and TPs are connected to the inputs "-" and "+" of one differential amplifier - (S), The electrodes Fd and TPd are connected to the inputs "-" and "+" of another differential amplifier - (D). The leads analyze the amplitudes and frequencies of the maximum reactions of the potentials of the brain. The spectrum is recorded in the range from 28 to 0.1 Hz, the signal integration time is at least 210 s. Irritation of various areas of the skin was carried out by a needle - a superficial injection before the appearance of pain. Before irritation, the background was removed, after irritation - control 3 times over 20 minutes.

 In the beginning, the field of skin sensitivity of the human body was investigated. With irritation of the dorsal region of the hand, in the first intercarpal gap of the dorsal digital nerve of Digitalis dorsalis (C6,7,8) (region of the acupuncture point CE-GU) an abnormal component of 0.3 Hz appeared in the power spectrum. A second study in other people (at least 10 people) revealed a regularly repeating spectral region in the range of 0.27-0.316 Hz with a central frequency of 0.307 Hz. Any other skin region was sequentially taken and the characteristic spectral response was determined for it.

 Thus, the correspondence of the areas of the skin sensitivity field on the one hand and the spectral characteristics of these areas was obtained during registration of the human electroencephalogram (certain coherent brain structures were excited).

 Take the second field of sensitivity to determine the mutual functional projection - for example, the outer skin surface of the auricle. Similarly, irritation of individual sections of the auricle is carried out and the reactions of the power spectrum of the electroencephalogram are recorded. For example, upon irritation of the deepest region in the cup of the auricle (auricular acupuncture point 100), the most powerful anomaly (asymmetry) is recorded in the spectral region with coordinates (F6-1, Thi) - FIG. 10. Thus, each point on the surface of the auricle corresponds to its own frequency in the power spectrum of the electroencephalogram or a specific cell in the “segmental matrix”. Comparing the frequency organization of the skin surface of the body and the outer surface of the auricle, highlighting areas with equal frequencies of the spectrum, build a mutual projection of the two sensitivity fields. If the "segmental matrix" is taken for the coordinate system, then it is inscribed both in the first and in the second field of skin sensitivity (Fig. 11).

 EXAMPLE 2. Construction of a mutual projection of two analytic fields - the outer surface of the skin of the auricle and visceral receptors of internal organs (interoreceptor field). An “segmental matrix” is entered in the field of skin sensitivity of the outer surface of the auricle, as shown in Example 1. An “intergonal receptor” field is entered into the frequency coordinate system, for which internal organs receptors are sequentially irritated (inhibited) by any available method, for example, pharmacological blockers or mimetics of various receptors.

 In FIG. 12 shows inhibition and excitation (Fig. 13) of the alpha adrenergic receptors of the nasal mucosa by the drug “FORNOS”. The maximum synchronization reaction of the left and right hemisphere is observed in the cells of the “segmental matrix” with coordinates (F2-4, Th3-4).

 In FIG. Figure 14 shows the excited "beta-1" myocardial adrenoreceptors in the segmental region (Th1-Th3) —the synchronization of the left and right hemispheres and the inhibition of beta-1 adrenergic receptors with ANAPRILIN.

 The maximum mismatch in the activity of the left and right hemispheres (inhibition) is observed in the cells of the "segmental matrix" (F2-2, Th1-Th4) (Fig. 15). In FIG. 16 and 17 show the process of inhibition of M-cholinergic receptors of the gastric fundus by GASTROCEPIN. The maximum inhibition (asymmetry of the left and right hemispheres) is observed in the cells of the segmental matrix (F6-5, Th6-7).

 In FIG. 18 and 19 show the process of pronounced excitation of "beta-2" adrenergic receptors of the cervical region with the drug GINIPRAL. The maximum reaction of the cells of the “segmental matrix” is observed in coordinates (Fl-4, L5). Thus, various groups of receptors of the visceral sensitivity field are transferred to the "segmental matrix" spectral coordinate system.

 A projection of the field of interereceptors of internal organs is constructed on the field of skin sensitivity of the outer surface of the auricle, sequentially comparing and determining sections of fields with the same spectral reaction (identical cells in the spectral segmental matrix). The result of such a sequential comparison is shown in FIG. 20.

 With this construction method, a resolution is easily achieved in comparing the sensitivity fields of 1000 or more cells while maintaining high accuracy. The resolution of acupuncture methods for mapping the outer surface of the auricle is an order of magnitude less - 110 acupuncture points, reflecting the state of internal organs according to the International European Classification.

 Based on the invention, effective systems for diagnosing diseases of internal organs can be constructed.

Claims (2)

1. A method for identifying the location of functionally similar zones in the fields of receptive sensitivity, including irritation of one of the specified zones of the first field of receptive sensitivity and subsequent examination of all specified zones of the other field of receptive sensitivity, characterized in that upon irritation or inhibition of receptors of one of the specified zones of the first field of receptive sensitivity sensitivity record the reaction of the rhythmic activity of the potentials of the brain, for which they determine their frequency and amplitude before and after dissection pressure or inhibition of the receptors of predetermined zones of the first field of receptive sensitivity, then the same work is carried out sequentially on all specified zones of another field of receptive sensitivity, after which, if the rhythmic activity of the brain potentials detected in the examined zones of the fields of receptive sensitivity are equal, a conclusion is made about the functional similarity of such zones. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to remove the reactions of the potentials of the rhythmic activity of the brain, the electrodes are placed in the temporoparietal and frontal leads, while the process itself is conducted at a time significantly longer than the period of the lowest recorded frequency.

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