RU2214988C1 - Method for dehydration of poultry dung - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with processing poultry dung to obtain fertilizer. One should dissolve raw poultry dung up to the moisture of not less than 94% followed by mechanic filtration. Dissolving should be carried out by applying mother liquor of bischofite natural mineral of sulfate type of MgCl₂•6H₂O formula at the density of 1.1-1.5 t/cu. m for 3-6 min, bischofite expenses correspond to 30-70 weight% against dry dung. The innovation in question enables to increase efficiency of fertilizer due to enrichment by microelements. EFFECT: higher efficiency of dehydration. 7 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the processing of poultry (chicken) litter as a micronutrient-rich highly effective fertilizer with a minimum number of pathogenic microorganisms.

A known method of producing fertilizer from bird droppings by mixing it with urea-formaldehyde foam containing urea-formaldehyde resin, an acid catalyst and a surfactant, in which, in order to simplify and speed up the method of producing fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam is used in liquid form, in which as a surface -active substance using a 40% aqueous solution of triethanolamine salt of lauryl sulfate or alkyl sulfate, where alkyl C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ in the amount of 3 wt.% by weight of the foam, with the ratio Foam and litter, wt.%, on dry matter (2-4.9) :( 95.1-98.0) (SU copyright certificate 1419985 A1, Mcl ⁴ C 05 F 3/00. Method for production fertilizers from bird droppings / V.D. Valtin, A.B. Glukhovsky, E.P. Panov, F.G. Praksin et al. (USSR) - Application 4052064 / 30-15; Stated 04/07/1986; Publ. 08/30/1988, Bull. 32 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1988. - 32).

 The disadvantages of this method of producing fertilizer from bird droppings include the high cost of 1 ton of fertilizer, the need for expensive equipment and triethanolamine salt. The absence of odor in the processed litter does not indicate the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the resulting fertilizer.

The closest analogue to the claimed technology for producing complex fertilizers with microelements is a method of dewatering bird droppings by diluting raw manure with water and subsequent mechanical filtration, in which to increase the degree of dehydration, the dilution is carried out with stirring for 1.0-1.5 minutes to a moisture less than 94%, and before mechanical filtration, the diluted litter is treated with lime in an amount of 28-52 wt.% in relation to the dry litter; taking into account an additional increase in the degree of dehydration, before mechanical filtration, 2-15 wt.% in relation to the dry litter of hydrogen peroxide or 0.3-3.3 wt.% mineral acid is additionally added to the diluted manure treated with lime (SU copyright certificate 1260364 A1, Mcl ⁴ C 05 F 3/00. Method for dehydration of bird droppings / ED Gelfan and N. A. Galyshev (USSR).-Application 3800326 / 30-15; Stated 06/22/1984; Publish. 09/30/1986 , Bull. 36 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1986. - 36).

 The disadvantages of this method, which we adopted as the closest analogue, are the low efficiency of the fertilizer due to the absence of trace elements in it and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the fertilizer.

The invention consists in the following
The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is directed, increasing the efficiency of fertilizer due to trace elements.

 The technical result is an increase in crop yields.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of dewatering poultry manure by diluting the crude manure to a moisture content of at least 94% and subsequent mechanical filtration, according to the invention, the raw manure is diluted with a brine of the natural mineral bischofite sulfate type formula MgCl ₂ • 6H ₂ O with a density of 1, 1-1.5 t / m ³ for 3-6 minutes in an amount of 30-70 wt.% In relation to dry matter.

 Due to the fact that bischofite brine is introduced into the bird droppings during homogenization, the resulting fertilizer is saturated with microelements and disinfected from pathogenic microorganisms, the above technical result is achieved.

 At the poultry farm, fresh chicken manure is collected by scraper conveyors, heaps are formed, and then the manure is transferred to the place of processing of manure into organic fertilizer using one of the well-known technical means.

A capacity of 4 m ³ , equipped with a mechanical stirrer with a diameter of 300 mm at a speed of 360 rpm, continuously receives chicken droppings with a humidity of 80% ± 3% in an amount of 6-8 t / h. At the same time as litter, a sulfate-type bischofite brine of the formula MgCl ₂ • 6H ₂ O with a density of 1.24 t / m ^{3 is} fed into the tank. The brine is fed in an amount of 3000 l / h. Chicken droppings with an initial humidity of 80% ± 3% for 3-6 minutes are mixed with bischofite brine until homogenized. A screw conveyor with a capacity of 10 t / h is installed in the lower part of the tank. The formed pulp is fed to a continuously operating industrially produced drum vacuum filter (for example, BSHOU - 40-3.4 brand), which is equipped with a filter with a converging cloth with a filter surface of 40 m ² . The yield of dehydrated litter is 6.2 t / h with a moisture content of 60-63%. Dehydrated litter is a dense, non-greasy sludge that does not have a pungent odor specific to chicken manure. The filtrate of 2.8 m ³ / h is recycled to create a bischofite brine with the desired density. Unused part of the water is sent to the sewer.

 After completion of the filtration stage, dehydrated bird droppings are fed for drying. The filtrate is used in the process, partially drained into the sewer.

 If it is necessary to dry the dehydrated bird droppings for use as fertilizer, it is preferable to dry them in ovens of gas-free fuel combustion products.

The proposed method for producing fertilizer provides a decrease in the moisture of bird droppings at the stage of dilution of crude manure and subsequent mechanical dehydration to 45-54%. This makes it possible to significantly reduce energy consumption at the stage of subsequent drying of fertilizer from bird droppings and bischofite. Due to the treatment of bird droppings with bischofite brine, where the main component is magnesium chloride MgCl ₂ • 6H ₂ O, pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed and the smell of chicken droppings is lost. This increases the consumer qualities of the fertilizer.

 The proposed technology for processing fresh chicken manure does not require development and special equipment. In addition, a valuable product as a fertilizer is enriched with trace elements in the form of soluble salts and trace elements. From water bischofite brine, all trace elements freely pass into the composition of the fertilizer. This proves the high properties of the proposed fertilizer.

 The composition of the samples of bischofite leach brine mined in the fields of the Volgograd region in salt form is given in table. 1. The element-wise content of bischofite brine from the wells of the Narimanov and Gorodishchensk deposits is presented in table. 2. The number of trace elements in bischofite brine is given in table. 3 and 4. The effectiveness of the use of complex organic fertilizers for the cultivation of leguminous crops, in particular peas and nougat, in the conditions of rainfed farming in the Volgograd region in the 2001 season is shown in Table. 5.

 The resulting fertilizer using bird droppings and bischofite after drying is a powdery mass of dark color with a moisture content of 32.4 and 31.8% and is a complex organomineral fertilizer. In terms of its chemical composition, it complies with the requirements established in SanPiN 2.1.7.573-96 “Hygienic requirements for the use of wastewater and their sludge for irrigation and fertilizer” and in documents supplementing the provisions of the above SanPiN: “Typical technological regulations for the use of sewage sludge as organic fertilizer "(Moscow, 2000) and" Requirements for the quality of wastewater and their rainfall used for irrigation and fertilizer "(Moscow, 1995).

 Due to the fertilizer’s established fertilizer value and the exclusion of the risk of soil, agricultural products and environmental pollution by the heavy metals contained in it, the fertilizer can be used in industrial floriculture, green building, forest and ornamental nurseries, for biological reclamation of disturbed lands and solid landfills household waste, for cereals, legumes, fodder, technical and forage crops, except for vegetables, mushrooms, green seasonings and strawberries.

 Comprehensive organic fertilizer based on bird droppings and bischofite is superior in terms of fertilizer value and nutrient availability to other types of fertilizers produced in Russia (Classic Plus, Agrovit-Kor, Agrovit-EM, Universal Lux and Kemira Universal -2 ").

 In the table. 6 shows the agrochemical indicators of the proposed fertilizer. From the results of the studies presented in table. 6, it follows that the organic matter content in the fertilizer exceeds the standard by 1.7-1.8 times, total nitrogen by 3.1 times, total phosphorus by 1.5-1.7 times, total potassium by 14, 0-14.5 times. Thus, the research results confirm that this fertilizer is a complex organic fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in an assimilable form. The fertilizer contains metals and trace elements: calcium, magnesium, manganese, boron, fluorine, cobalt, molybdenum, iron, etc. They are necessary for the normal growth and development of plants. The gross content of heavy metals that can lead to soil contamination (lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, chromium, manganese and copper) in the fertilizer is below the norms established by SanPiN 2.1.7.573-96, and also below their permissible content for applying to crops , except for vegetable and berry crops, approved in the "Model technological regulation for the use of sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer" for 1 group of sludge.

 The actual content in the fertilizer of standardized metals is presented in table. 7.

 The resulting fertilizer based on dehydrated bird droppings and bischofite is a comprehensive, complete and digestible organic mineral fertilizer in which the content of the main biogenic elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and organic matter exceeds the regulatory requirements: total nitrogen - 3.1 times, total phosphorus - 1.5-1.7 times, total potassium - 14.0-14.5 times and organic matter - 1.7-1.8 times. The presence in an accessible form of trace elements increases the fertilizer value of the proposed fertilizer.

 Thus, the above information indicates the possibility of implementing this method and obtaining the final product with guaranteed performance.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirements of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (1)

The method of dewatering bird droppings by diluting crude droppings to a moisture content of at least 94% and subsequent mechanical filtration, characterized in that the dilution of crude droppings is carried out by brine of a natural sulfate bischofite mineral of the formula MgCl ₂ • 6H ₂ O with a density of 1.1-1.5 t / m ³ for 3-6 minutes in an amount of 30-70 wt. % in relation to dry litter.

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