RU2212279C1 - Facility to block dust flows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric technological plants, electron-ion technology plants. SUBSTANCE: facility can find use for blocking and suppression of dust flows during loading- unloading operations in metallurgical, mining industries, production of building materials. Facility includes system of flat precipitation 1 and corona-forming 2 electrodes forming volume electric discharge in interelectrode space. Salient feature of facility lies in fact that precipitation electrodes have height equal to doubled distance between them in lower part and that coronaforming electrodes are positioned at equal distances between them. Lowest electrode is placed at height amounting to half- distance between lower edges of precipitation electrodes and each next corona-forming electrode is located with spacing equal to half-distance between lower edges of precipitation electrodes. EFFECT: reduced energy consumption while blocking dust flows, prevention of dust carry-out, confinement of dust in zone of dust source, diminished overall dimensions of dust-cleaning devices and reduced usage of metal for their manufacture. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electrical installations, in particular to installations of electron-ion technology (EIT). The device can be used to block and suppress dust flows, as well as to retain dust particles in the dust source zone during loading and unloading operations of technological plants in the metallurgical, mining and processing industries, as well as in the building materials industry.

 A known installation of dust collection and dust deposition, which is based on electron-ion technology. This is an electric dust collector - an electrostatic precipitator. As an analogue of the proposed technical solution, one can specify the design of a commercially available electrostatic precipitator of the UG series (Aliev G.M.-A.. Technique of dust collection and purification of industrial gases. Reference book. - M .: Metallurgy, 1986). The active part of this electrostatic precipitator consists of two electrode systems - corona and precipitation. Precipitation electrodes are made in the form of flat plates parallel to each other, and corona electrodes are made in the form of metal strings stretched in vertical rows in planes located in the middle between the plates of the precipitation electrodes and parallel to them. The strings can be made of round, square, bayonet wire, etc. A gas stream carrying dust particles passes in the interelectrode space perpendicular to the corona electrodes. The essence of the action of the electrostatic precipitator is to charge the dust particles contained in the gas under the influence of the electric field of the corona discharge and their subsequent deposition on the precipitation and corona electrodes. The main feature of the filter design is the constancy of the interelectrode distance due to the parallelism of the precipitation and corona electrodes.

 The disadvantage of this design is that dust particles deposited on the electrodes gradually reduce the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator, and periodic cleaning of the electrodes is required at short intervals. Cleaning is done by shaking mechanisms, which require additional energy and time for maintenance and repair. In addition, the design of such electrostatic precipitators has large dimensions, high metal consumption and cost.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed is the design of the device described in A.S. 27687, cl. B 03 C 3/02, 09/30/1932. A device for the electrical deposition of particles suspended in a gas, in which the distance between the corona and collecting (precipitation) electrodes varies along the gas path, characterized in that the said distance change is chosen so that this change occurs gradually along the gas path, and the distance decreases to exit.

 The described construction, in essence, is an electrostatic precipitator with vertically disposed corona electrodes along which dusty gas passes inside the chamber formed by collecting electrodes. In the known device, in order to increase the amount of dust deposited on the collecting electrodes, the chamber formed by them has a continuously decreasing distance between the collecting electrodes and the corona ones. In this case, the aerodynamic resistance to the gas flow increases inside the chamber, which allows dust particles to be kept longer in the interelectrode space, thereby increasing the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator. But since is a device for electrodeposition of particles, then he needs a device for cleaning electrodes, which are shaking mechanisms equipped with an electric drive and switched on at regular intervals. And this leads to additional energy costs.

 The problem to be solved in the present invention is to reduce the energy and time spent on cleaning the electrodes, reduce the metal consumption and simplify the design, expand functions by blocking the dust source, which will localize the dust, prevent its dispersion during loading and unloading operations and thereby obtain a resource-saving effect , and the entrainment into the interelectrode space and deposition on the electrodes are minimized.

 In the proposed technical solution, in order to achieve the task and ensure the function of blocking dust flows, returning dust particles to the place of the dust source and holding them there, the precipitation electrodes have a height equal to twice the distance between them in the lower part, and the corona electrodes are installed at an equal distance between them with the lower one at a height of half the distance between the lower edges of the precipitation electrodes, and each subsequent corona electrode above it with a step equal to half distance between the lower edges of the collecting electrodes.

 The device diagram is shown in the drawing. It consists of two flat sedimentation electrodes 1 not parallel to each other, mounted at an acute angle to the horizon without the possibility of contact. In the space between these electrodes are the corona electrodes, for example in the form of strings 2.

 The difference in electric potentials is supplied to the electrodes, and a region of volume electric charge is formed around the corona electrodes 2. Dust particles getting into this region are polarized, and two types of electrostatic forces act on them: one towards the precipitation electrode 1 and the second, due to the gradient of the electric field strength, is directed towards a larger distance between the precipitation electrodes, i.e. towards the expulsion of particles from the interelectrode space. Thus, the device acquires the function of blocking dust flows with a slight deposition of charged dust particles on the precipitation electrodes.

 The proposed design of the device blocking dust flows allows you to: clean dusty gases; prevent dust dispersion; keep dust particles in the area of the dust source. In addition, due to the dust blocking function, the amount of dust deposited on the electrodes is reduced, which reduces the cost and time for cleaning them, as well as their size. It is possible to use such devices to shelter the loading and unloading of bulk materials. At the same time, the problem of saving resources and saving bulk materials by reducing the entrainment of materials with air flows is solved.

Claims (1)

 A device for blocking dust streams, comprising a system of flat electrodes of precipitation, located at an acute angle to the horizontal plane without the possibility of touching the upper edges, and corona, characterized in that the precipitation electrodes have a height equal to twice the distance between them in the lower part, while the lower corona the electrode is installed at an equal distance between them at a height of half the distance between the lower edges of the precipitation electrodes, and each subsequent over it corona electrode - with a step equal to half the distance between the lower edges of the precipitation electrodes.