RU2210882C2 - Method for comparative evaluation of grain combines by mechanical contamination degree of samples under threshing process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves designating for each of combines two batches having equal number of sheaves of plants of one sort or kind and differing in shape, color or seed size; threshing sheaves in alternation with regard to sort or kind; counting number of seeds of sort or kind contaminant in given samples and calculating their average arithmetic values; comparing average arithmetic values with one another and drawing conclusion with regard to mechanical contamination of samples during threshing for each of harvest combines. EFFECT: increased efficiency in revealing differences between grain combines as to mechanical contamination of samples under threshing process. 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the branches of agricultural production "selection" and "seed production" and can be used to identify differences in the quality of work of grain harvesting machines.

 One of the specific features of harvesting in breeding and primary links of seed production is that after threshing each of the thousands of samples grown in nurseries and testing the harvesters and stationary threshers do not manually clean, because it takes too much time. Usually, the threshing of the next sample is started immediately after the descent into the storage tank (bag, box) of the seeds of the previous sample. Therefore, in the complex of measures aimed at preventing mechanical clogging of samples during threshing, the correct choice of machines is of great importance. The best among them, ceteris paribus, are those during operation of which the mechanical clogging of the threshed samples is minimal. However, as far as it is known, a method allowing to compare grain harvesting machines of different grades by the mechanical clogging of threshed samples is not developed yet.

 The invention consists in the following. For each tested machine, two batches equal in number of sheaves are formed: first, from ripened plants of one variety (species), then another, differing in morphological characteristics of seeds (color, shape, size). It is necessary that the plants used for the formation of sheaves are within the variety (species) close in seed productivity. The mass of individual sheaves in each batch should be about 90% of the passport throughput of the machine on which they are threshed. The total number of sheaves intended for threshing on different machines may vary.

 Test machines are thoroughly cleaned using compressed air, scrapers, hair brushes. Then, at stable parameters and modes recommended by the operating instructions, the sheaves prepared for them are threshed in the following order: first grade (type) - second, first grade (type) - second, first grade (type) - second, and so on to the end. The more sheaves are threshed, the more accurate will be the information received about the quality of work of the machines.

 The seeds ground from each sheaf are collected separately. The threshing of the subsequent sheaf is started immediately after the end of the descent into the storage tank (box, bag) of the seeds of the previous sample.

 Having completed the threshing of sheaves, the number of seeds of varietal (species) impurity is calculated in the samples, focusing on morphological characters. The results, given the brands of the machines to which they belong, are recorded in the statement.

 In the obtained date series, arithmetic means are calculated and, comparing their values with each other, they conclude which of the evaluated machines produce more or less mechanical clogging of the samples during threshing. The results of the comparison are guided by the substantiation of the preference for the use of harvesting machines of various brands in the selection and seed production process.

An example of the method
We tested the threshers MSU-1, K-119 and the Sampo-130 combine. On each machine, 24 sheaves were threshed by the proposed method: 12, each made from fodder bean plants of the Karakolsky varieties (with purple seeds) and Amber (with light brown seeds). The mass of individual sheaves was determined by the throughput capacity of the machines for testing which they were made, and amounted to 0.45 kg for MSU-1 and K-119 threshers, and 0.90 kg for the Sampo-130 combine. Data on the number of seeds of varietal impurities in samples collected by threshing sheaves are presented in the table.

оказалось равно 1,21.By dividing the sums of dates by the number of them in the variation series, it was found that most of the varietal admixture seeds (2.88) were contained in the average sample threshed by the Sampo-130 combine, less than (0.33) - by the K-119 thresher; for samples threshed by the MSU-1 thresher, the value

It turned out to be 1.21.

 Thus, despite the advantage in productivity, the Sampo-130 combine mixes samples stronger during threshing than the K-119 and MSU-1 threshers. In turn, the MSU-1 thresher is significantly inferior to the K-119 thresher in terms of the quality of work analyzed. Therefore, in order to preserve the genetic identity of the samples, it is more expedient to thrash them not with a Sampo-130 combine, but with MSU-1 and K-119 threshers, the latter producing the least mechanical clogging of the samples among all tested machines.

 The economic effect of the practical use of weakly threshed machine samples identified using the proposed method is achieved by reducing the cost of financial and labor resources for organizing and conducting varietal weeding, as well as by accelerating the creation and propagation of new varieties due to the elimination or reduction of the influence of the mechanical clogging factor on accuracy assessments of signs and properties of plant samples.

Sources of information
Workshop on selection and seed production of field crops / Yu.B. Konovalov, A.N. Berezkin, L.I. Dolgodvorova et al. Ed. Yu.B. Konovalova. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987, - p. 46 (second paragraph).

Claims (1)

 A method of comparative evaluation of grain harvesting machines by mechanical clogging of threshed samples, characterized in that for each of the machines two batches equal in number of sheaves are formed - first from ripened plants of one variety or species, then another, different in shape, color or size of seeds, sheaves are threshed, successively alternating with each other through one according to varietal or species affiliation, then the number of seeds of varietal or species impurity in the obtained samples is counted, calculated with ednie arithmetic values, compare them with each other and make a conclusion about which of the assessed machines produce more or less mechanical blockage specimens during threshing.

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