RU2210610C2 - Process of demercuration of discharge lamps and facility for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing of used gaseous-discharge mercury-containing lamps. SUBSTANCE: proposed process includes separation of envelope from base and recovery of mercury. According to invention envelopes are separated from bases by break-down of envelopes under layer of demercuration solution, envelope junk is concentrated, quartz ampoules are added into roll crusher, they are crushed under layer of demercuration solution, mercury-quartz junk is accumulated, electrodes left on bases are cut off, envelope junk is combined with mercury-quartz junk and they are sent for recovery of mercury. Facility for realization of process, includes unit separating envelopes from bases, vessels for demercuration solution and collection of broken glass, endless conveyer fitted with holders of bases of processed lamps and placed in vessel for demercuration solution with location of holders of bases of processed lamps of lower run of conveyer at surface level of demercuration solution, roll crusher of quartz lamps placed vertically behind unit separating envelopes from bases and aligned with lower run of conveyer in direction of its motion. Unit separating envelopes from bases comes in the form rod spring-loaded longitudinally and mounted for position contact with lamps on conveyer. EFFECT: increased electric and toxic safety of process. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production of mercury from industrial wastes, in particular from waste discharge lamps.

A known method and device for demercurization of spent gas-discharge (luminescent) lamps (RF patent 1799243, class C 22 V 43/00, 1993), including the destruction of the lamps inside the hermetic chamber, heating under reduced pressure and removing sublimates of mercury. The destroyed lamps are heated in a vacuum to 300 ^o С while the chamber is heated to 100 ^o С. The mercury sublimates are collected in a condensate collector cooled to 20 ^o С.

 This method and device is energy and capital intensive, require a complex sealing system, protection against accidental emissions and are associated with the loss of related valuable elements.

 A known method of extracting mercury from a shredded tube of a fluorescent lamp (Japanese application 52-48577, CL 22B 43/00, 1977). In this method, the ground glass material is washed with water with stirring for 30 minutes. In this case, the bulk of the mercury and fluorescent material is extracted. After that, a material containing 0.001% mercury is washed with 5-50% nitric acid for> 30 minutes. A nitrogen extract containing mercury particles (ions) is neutralized with ammonia, filtered and mercury is removed from the filtrate by an ion adsorbent. The spent solution is recycled to the process at the stage of washing with water.

 The method is burdened by such disadvantages as the difficulty of extracting mercury from the total, undivided mass of scrap lamps and the high cost of the process associated with the need to use a massive amount of nitric acid.

 Known closest to the claimed invention is a method and apparatus for demercurization of fluorescent lamps (RF patent 2052527, class C 22 B 43/00, 1996). According to these technical solutions, in a special apparatus (unit for separating the bulbs from the caps), the glass bulbs of the lamps under a layer of water are separated from the caps, the bulbs are refined with water to wash the glass material from the phosphor with stirring. Glass battle is divided into small and large fractions. The fine fraction in a separate tank (reactor) is treated with nitric acid, and the large fraction in another tank (reactor) is treated with a solution containing active chlorine (sodium hypochloride). After that, solutions of nitric acid and chlorine-containing solutions, previously neutralized, are passed through a cation exchange resin. Extraction of mercury from the resulting eluate is carried out by treatment with ammonium or sodium sulfide (in a container for demercurization solution) with the precipitation of mercury sulfide.

 The signs by which the claimed invention coincides with the closest analogue in terms of the method is the separation of lamp bulbs from the caps and the extraction of mercury, and in the device part there is a node for separating the bulbs from the caps and containers for demercurization solution and collecting cullet.

 The disadvantages of the known invention are the complexity, high resource consumption (for the materials used, reagents and energy consumption) of the process, resulting from its multi-stage, and the associated cumbersome of its hardware design.

 The technical result of the invention is to simplify the process of demercurization of discharge lamps with a decrease in its resource consumption and simplification of its hardware design.

 The technical result is achieved in that, in the part of the method of demercurization of discharge lamps, including separating the flasks from the caps and extracting mercury, according to the invention, the separation of the flasks from the caps is carried out by breaking the flasks under a layer of demercurization solution, the resulting scrap from the flasks is concentrated, and quartz ampoules are introduced into the roller mill, their crushing under a layer of demercurization solution and the accumulation of the resulting mercury-quartz scrap, the combination of scrap from flasks with mercury-quartz scrap and sediment, forming from the effect of the demercurization solution on the mercury-containing elements of the lamps, and their direction in the extraction of mercury.

 The method is implemented by a device for the demercurization of discharge lamps, comprising a unit for separating the flasks from the socles and a container for the demercurization solution and collecting cullet. According to the invention, the device is equipped with an endless conveyor with spaced holders of the bases of the processed lamps placed in a container for demercuricidal solution with the possibility of arranging the holders of the bases of the processed lamps of the lower branch of the conveyor at the surface level of the demercurization solution, a quartz ampoule roller crusher placed after the unit for separating the flasks from the socles vertically and conjugated with the lower branch of the conveyor in the direction of its movement, and the unit for eniya flasks of caps is designed as a spring-loaded in the longitudinal direction of the rod, with the possibility of positional placed in contact with the lamps on the conveyor.

 Due to the fact that the operation of separating the flasks from the caps is carried out under a layer of demercurization solution, and not an intermediate liquid - water, there is no need to process and regenerate the latter, which greatly simplifies the whole process. In addition, the simplification of the process, as well as reducing its resource consumption and the number of devices involved, is achieved by the fact that the executive main organ of the device is made in the form of an endless conveyor. This allows you to sequentially process all the elements of discharge lamps in a single capacitive element.

 The invention in terms of the device is illustrated by a schematic drawing, which shows the installation for demercurization of discharge lamps, side view.

 The installation includes a tank 1 for demercurization solution, a horizontally installed endless (closed) conveyor 2 with DRL type 3 lamps fixed on it, ampoules (quartz) 4 and closed electrodes 5 - elements of these lamps. The lamps are fixed in the threaded holders of 6 lamp bases of the processed lamps (such as light bulbs), spaced on the conveyor 2. The conveyor 2 is placed in the container 1 with the possibility of arranging the holders 6 of the lamps of the processed lamps of the lower branch of the conveyor at the level of the surface of the demercurization solution. In conjunction with the lower branch of the conveyor 2, a roll crusher 7 for quartz ampoules 4 is vertically mounted. Under the initial part of the conveyor along the conveyor, over the demercurization solution in zone A, a mesh tray 8 is installed for collecting flask scrap. Under the subsequent section in zone B, a mesh pan 9 is installed in the bottom of the tank 1 to collect mercury-quartz scrap. The node 10 for separating the flasks from the socles is installed in the initial part in the direction of conveyor movement above the surface of the demercurization solution and above the pallet 8. The node 10 is made in the form of a rod spring-loaded in the longitudinal direction (striker) placed with the possibility of positional contact with the lamps 3 on the conveyor 2. Mentioned roll crusher 7 quartz lamps placed after the node 10 in the direction of movement of the conjugate branch of the conveyor 2 and above zone B of the bottom of the tank 1. For automatic actuation of the rod (b u p) on the conveyor 2 can be fixed threshold elements (not shown) arranged to act on the spring rod (pin).

 The method is carried out in the technological process implemented by the proposed device.

 Lamps 3 of the DRL or DNAT type, subject to demercurization, are fed to the operation of separating the flasks from the sockets, for which they are fixed in the holders 3 of the conveyor 2. The conveyor 2, when moving in the direction indicated by the arrow, feeds the lamps under the node 10 for separating the lamp bulbs from the sockets, which produces this separation by breaking the flasks. The destruction occurs in the environment of the demercurization solution from the impact of a longitudinally spring-loaded rod, manually or automatically thrown from threshold elements, which for this can be fixed on the conveyor 2. The resulting flask scrap is concentrated in a mesh tray 8. Then, quartz ampoules remaining on the lamp bases are introduced. , in roll crusher 7 and crushing of ampoules also under a layer of demercurization solution. The resulting mercury-quartz scrap is accumulated in the mesh tray 9. The remaining small elements such as electrodes (incandescent filaments) remaining on the lamp bases are cut and accumulated together with the mercury-quartz scrap.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of demercurization of gas discharge lamps containing flasks, caps, quartz ampoules with electrodes, comprising separating the flasks from the caps and extracting mercury, characterized in that the separation of the flasks from the caps is carried out by the destruction of the flasks under a layer of demercurization solution, the resulting scrap from the flasks is concentrated, the introduction quartz ampoules into a roll crusher, crushing them under a layer of demercurization solution and accumulating the obtained mercury-quartz scrap, cutting off the electrodes remaining on the socles, combining the scrap from ARS with a mercury-quartz scrap and sending them to the recovery of mercury.  2. Device for the demercurization of discharge lamps, comprising a unit for separating the flasks from the caps and the container for the demercurization solution and collecting cullet, characterized in that it is equipped with an endless conveyor with fixed at intervals the holders of the caps of the processed lamps, placed in the container for the demercurization solution with the possibility of location holders of the bases of the processed lamps of the lower branch of the conveyor at the level of the surface of the demercurization solution, a roller crusher of quartz lamps, times eschennoy after assembly to separate flasks of caps vertically and mating with the lower branch of the conveyor in its direction of movement, wherein the assembly to separate flasks of caps is designed as a spring-loaded in the longitudinal direction of the rod, with the possibility of positional placed in contact with the lamps on the conveyor.