RU2210316C2 - ROENTGENOSCOPY WITH THE USE OF Kα - RADIATION OF GADOLINIUM - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine at location of malignant tumors in the patient's body and for effect on them with the aid of X-radiation. SUBSTANCE: the methods include detection of the presence of gadolinium in the tissues and organs of the human body, used at precise definition of the malignant tumor and radial effect on this tumor for damage of its cells. For determination of the defined location of the malignant tumor revealed as a result of the previous diagnosis the parts of the patient's body are subjected to scanning, in which this tumor is located after injection of gadolinium in the patient's organism. Scanning is carried out by displacing the zone of radiation concentration produced by intersection of several X-ray beams with the radiant energy corresponding to the K-edge of absorption of the atoms of gadolinium. The defined information is obtained with the aid of detectors sensitive to K_α-radiation of the atoms of gadolinium, to which the secondary radiation arising in the zone of concentration is transported. Then, the area of location of the malignant tumor is scanned with the aid of the same- means as in the first stage. The sources of X-radiation with the aid of a control member are shifted to the mode of increased intensity sufficient for radiation injury of the tissues of the malignant tumor. For transmission of the radiation of the sources to the area of concentration and of the secondary radiation to the detectors use is made of various combinations of collimators, roentgen lenses and half-lenses, forming a roentgeno-optical system together with the sources and detectors. EFFECT: enhanced accuracy of aiming due to the use of the same X-ray beams both for a malignant focus, and for beam action on the focus. 30 cl, 11 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to means for determining the location of malignant neoplasms in the patient’s body and exposing them to damage malignant neoplasm cells using x-ray radiation.

State of the art
Known methods that provide for preliminary preparation after establishing a diagnosis and deciding on the use of radiation exposure on a malignant neoplasm to damage its cells. During preliminary preparation, linear dimensions, area, volume of pathological formations, organs and anatomical structures are determined and their relative position in a specific patient is described in quantitative terms (for example: Radiation therapy of malignant tumors. A guide for doctors. Edited by Prof. E.S. Kiseleva, Moscow: Medicine, 1996 [1], pp. 46-47). The main task of the preliminary preparation is to combine the various data obtained in the process of diagnosing the disease, to provide topographic and anatomical information about the area to be irradiated to specialists performing radiation exposure in a form that allows you to develop an irradiation program. In order to choose the options and parameters of the irradiation program, you need to know the shape and size of the malignant lesion, its orientation in the patient’s body, as well as the relative position of the surrounding organs and tissues, the distance between the malignant lesion and the most important anatomical structures and critical from the point of view of the distribution of radiation load bodies. As a result of preliminary preparation and development of the irradiation program, in particular, characteristic points and areas on the surface of the patient’s body are selected, with respect to which the x-ray beams are subsequently oriented during the irradiation.

 The main disadvantage of the described combination of preparing the patient for radiation and the actual radiation is that these stages are spaced both in time and in space, in particular because they are performed using different means. Irradiation (radiation exposure to damage the cells of a malignant neoplasm) is carried out using directed sources of sufficiently powerful x-ray radiation. As for the X-ray studies preceding the irradiation, they are carried out at significantly lower radiation intensities and, in addition, usually act as just one of the many combinations of the methods used: angiography, excretory urography, studies of the gastrointestinal tract, bones of the skeleton and skull, chest organs; radionuclide studies of bones and liver; ultrasound methods - echoscopy, echotomography, allowing you to get an image of the organs of the abdominal cavity, pelvis and soft tissues; computed tomography - a highly effective way to obtain x-ray images; magnetic resonance imaging, etc. As a result, it is extremely difficult to obtain high accuracy of radiation exposure, as a result of which either part of the tissue of the malignant lesion is not irradiated, or intense x-ray radiation is concentrated in an area exceeding the size of the malignant lesion. In the latter case, the surrounding healthy tissues are affected more severely than in the event of the inevitable irradiation of healthy tissues that are in the way of radiation to the malignant site.

 When implementing such a technique, not only the inaccuracies in the selection of landmarks and the "targeting" of x-ray beams during radiation exposure, but also the inconsistency of the position of the internal organs, inaccurate placement of the patient during radiation exposure in various sessions, affect it. At the same time, fractionation of radiation itself, caused by the desire to avoid overexposure of healthy tissues, creates a vicious circle, since it is known that the dose delivered once to the malignant lesion is sufficient for its irreversible damage, several times less than the total dose required for fractionation [1, p . 84, 91].

 A number of well-known technical solutions to overcome this drawback take special measures aimed at improving the accuracy and stability of patient positioning (for example, US patent 5983424, publ. 16.11.1999 [2]).

 Another way to overcome these shortcomings is the use of the so-called simulator - an X-ray diagnostic apparatus, which in terms of geometric and kinematic capabilities repeats an apparatus for remote irradiation [1, p. 55]. Using the simulator, you can “shine through” it in different directions without changing the position of the patient. With preliminary preparation of the patient, they are placed on the simulator table in the position in which it will be during irradiation, and fluoroscopy is performed. With the help of a light crosshair and movable radiopaque filaments, the center and boundaries of the irradiation volume are selected, the plane in which the central axis of the radiation beam will pass under radiation exposure is designated.

 However, none of these measures can avoid the inaccuracies of "targeting" the beams that have a radiation effect on the malignant neoplasm caused by tumor growth. This factor is especially significant for long periods of treatment, when the radiation sessions are distant in time from the moment the diagnostic examination of the patient is completed.

 Technical solutions closest to the proposed invention are described in US patent 5207223 (publ. 04.05.1993 [3]). In the methods (the method of radiation exposure on a malignant neoplasm and a part of the method for determining the specified location of a malignant neoplasm) according to this patent using directional x-ray beams to obtain images of the patient’s tissue structure, such images are obtained immediately before radiation exposure and used, comparing them with the results previous diagnostic studies to correct the exposure program. At the same time, however, different beams are used to obtain the above images and the radiation exposure on the tissue of the malignant lesion, which fundamentally does not allow to avoid errors in the orientation of the irradiating beams.

 In addition, the functioning of known methods and devices is based on the use of information contained in the shadow projections of tissues and organs through which x-ray radiation has passed. Therefore, information about the actual density of tissues and organs of interest (in this case, the density of tissues and organs at the sites of the alleged location of the malignant focus) is distorted due to the presence of other tissues and organs in the path of the "transmission" radiation beam. In this case, only the high qualification of the specialist performing the fluoroscopic examination allows us to differentiate image elements related to malignant neoplasms. In the case of superposition of the projections of the neoplasm and some dense organs, an unequivocal conclusion is difficult. This requires obtaining an image in a different projection, with a different orientation of the "transmission" beam, which is associated with an increase in the radiation dose. The influence of the disadvantages of the group under consideration is reduced in the means that implement the principles of computed tomography, which entails not only the complexity of the corresponding technical means, but also a rather high dose of radiation.

Disclosure of inventions
The technical result provided by the proposed inventions related to the method of radiation exposure on a malignant neoplasm for the defeat of its cells, the method for determining the specified location of a malignant neoplasm and device for their implementation, is to exclude the influence of the above factor, which consists in the inaccuracy of "targeting" the beams, due to the use of some and the same X-ray beams both for determining the structure of tissues and the location of the malignant lesion, and for the actual radiation exposure to the malignant lesion.

 Another type of technical result achieved is the reduction of the radiation dose during the acquisition of images of the tissue structure used to adjust the radiation program, as well as the reduction of the radiation dose of the tissues surrounding the selected area of radiation exposure. This result is achieved due to the rejection of the "shadow" principle of image acquisition. At the same time, the noted drawbacks inherent in this principle are eliminated without the use of sophisticated tools used in computed tomography.

 Without the use of computed tomography, unambiguous differentiation of the neoplasm is also provided. This is achieved due to the fact that in the proposed means tissue density ceases to be the only sign for differentiation of the neoplasm.

 Improving the accuracy of determining the location of a malignant neoplasm in the first stage helps to reduce the exposure of healthy tissues and organs in the second stage.

 An additional result achieved in the second stage is the selective effect of radiation mainly on a malignant neoplasm.

 The proposed method of radiation exposure to a malignant neoplasm for the defeat of its cells using x-ray beams, as well as the aforementioned known, is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, an image of a malignant neoplasm is obtained in the form of a set of spatial coordinates of points, which include the current measurement results, differentiated as belonging to a malignant neoplasm. Then form the irradiation program in the form of a set of doses of x-ray radiation, which must be brought to different parts of the malignant neoplasm, represented by fixed sets of coordinates of the points. After that, they proceed to the second stage, in which the formed irradiation program is carried out.

To achieve the above types of technical result in the proposed method, in contrast to the known at the first stage, gadolinium-containing preparation is introduced into the patient's body. The drug is administered in an amount predetermined for a given patient, sufficient for subsequent detection of gadolinium in the tissues affected by the malignant neoplasm. Then, after the time previously determined for this patient, sufficient for the accumulation of gadolinium in the tissues affected by the malignant neoplasm in the amount at which it can be detected by the used means, the x-ray radiation is concentrated in the area including the point to which the current measurement results located inside parts of the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm. In this case, radiation with an energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms is used. Arising in said zone is transported to the secondary radiation to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms. In this case, a part of the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm is scanned, mutually moving the radiation concentration zone and the patient’s body. Carried reception of the secondary radiation excited in the zone irradiated by conducting scanning within the zone of radiation concentration in its current position, the field of view of one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, or simultaneous registration with one or more of such detectors of the secondary radiation from all the zone radiation concentration in its current position. In moments of signal appearance at the output of any detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, parameters are fixed characterizing the spatial position of the irradiated zone and the field of view of each detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, the output of which is detected signal. Each of the fields that are common for the zone of radiation concentration and fields of vision of detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, the output of which the detected signal is recorded as having cancer cells. Then, on the basis of all such fixed areas, the shape and the specified location of the malignant neoplasm as a whole are determined.

 At the second stage, the region of space in the patient’s body occupied by the malignant neoplasm is scanned, while the concentration of x-ray radiation is carried out using the same means as in the first stage. Scanning is carried out in such a way that the positions occupied by the concentration zone correspond to the parts of the malignant neoplasm represented by the sets of coordinates of the points recorded at the first stage. The irradiation program formed at the first stage is carried out by increasing the intensity of x-ray radiation in comparison with the first stage and adjusting the duration of exposure.

 In this case, an increase in the radiation intensity can occur with an increase in the width of the radiation spectrum and / or its spectral density.

The concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results, located inside the patient’s body part containing a malignant neoplasm, can be carried out, for example, using one or more collimators using the appropriate number of X-ray sources spaced in space. Thus transportation of secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, can also be performed using one or more collimators, all collimators are oriented so that the axes of their central channels intersect at a point to which the current measurement results.

It is also possible to carry out the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body part containing a malignant neoplasm, using one or more x-ray half-lenses, which convert the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of x-ray sources spaced in space into quasi-parallel. Thus transportation of secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, is carried out by one or more X-ray half lenses, focusing this radiation on detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, or forming a quasi-parallel radiation, moreover, all X-ray half-lenses are oriented so that their optical axes intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

The concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results, located inside the patient’s body part containing a malignant neoplasm, can be carried out using one or more x-ray half-lenses, converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of spaced x-ray sources into quasi-parallel , and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -and zlucheniyu gadolinium atoms - with one or more X-ray lenses focusing this radiation on detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms. In this case, all x-ray half-lenses and lenses are oriented so that their optical axes intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

In one of the particular cases when implementing the proposed method, the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using several x-ray half-lenses that convert the diverging radiation of the corresponding number spaced in space sources in quasi-parallel, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors frames sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - with the help of one or more collimators. In this case, the X-ray half-lenses and collimators are oriented so that the optical axes of all X-ray half-lenses and the central channels of all collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

In another particular case, the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more X-ray sources spaced apart in space and the corresponding number of X-ray lenses focusing the divergent X-ray radiation of each of the sources at the point to which the current measurement results are related. In this case, the transportation of secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms is performed with X-ray lenses focusing this radiation on detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms and having a second focus at said point . In this particular case, an additional technical result is achieved, consisting in the possibility of localizing radiation exposure in areas of very small sizes with a small number of beams (even one) in combination with a low level of exposure to healthy tissues, which can avoid radiation fractionation and, in some cases, carry out radiation exposure for the defeat of small tumor cells in one session. The ability to achieve this type of technical result is ensured by the use of x-ray lenses in the present invention.

In another particular case, the concentration of X-rays in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more X-ray sources spaced in space and the corresponding number of X-ray lenses focusing diverging x-ray radiation of each of the sources at the point to which the current measurement results. Thus transportation of secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, is carried out by means of collimators, oriented so that their optical axes intersect the central channel at said point.

 In the proposed method for determining the location of a malignant neoplasm using x-ray beams, as in the known method according to US patent 5207223 [3], an image of the malignant neoplasm is obtained in the form of a set of spatial coordinates of the points, which include the current measurement results.

In contrast to the known in the proposed method, in order to achieve the above technical result, a gadolinium-containing preparation is introduced into the patient’s body in an amount predetermined for the patient, sufficient for subsequent detection of gadolinium in the tissues affected by the malignant neoplasm. Then, after the time previously determined for this patient, sufficient for the accumulation of gadolinium in the tissues affected by the malignant neoplasm, in the amount at which it can be detected, the x-ray radiation is concentrated in the area including the point to which the current measurement results located inside the body belong a patient containing a malignant neoplasm. In this case, radiation with an energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms is used. Arising in said zone is transported to the secondary radiation to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms. In this case, a part of the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm is scanned, mutually moving the radiation concentration zone and the patient’s body. Carried reception of the secondary radiation excited in the zone irradiated by conducting scanning within the zone of radiation concentration in its current position, the field of view of one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, or simultaneous registration with one or more of such detectors of the secondary radiation from all the zone radiation concentration in its current position. In moments of signal appearance at the output of any detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, parameters are fixed characterizing the spatial position of the irradiated zone and the field of vision of each detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, the output of which is detected signal. Each of the fields that are common for the zone of radiation concentration and fields of vision of detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, the output of which the detected signal is recorded as having cancer cells. Then, on the basis of all such fixed areas, the shape and the specified location of the malignant neoplasm as a whole are determined.

In the particular case of the implementation of the proposed method for determining the location of a malignant neoplasm, the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing the malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more collimators. Using the appropriate number of X-ray sources spaced in space and transporting the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms, also carry out using one or more collimators; all collimators are oriented so that the axes of their central channels intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

In another particular case, the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body part containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more x-ray half-lenses that convert the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of x-ray sources spaced into space into quasi-parallel, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors is sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - with one or more X-ray half lenses, focusing this radiation on detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, or forming a quasi-parallel radiation. In this case, all X-ray half-lenses are oriented so that their optical axes intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

In another particular case, the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more x-ray half-lenses that convert the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of x-ray sources spaced in space in quasi-parallel, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors, the sensor nym to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - with one or more X-ray lenses focusing this radiation on the detectors. In this case, all x-ray half-lenses and lenses are oriented so that their optical axes intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

In the following particular case, the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body part containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using several x-ray half-lenses that convert the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of spaced sources into quasiparallel, and transportation of secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation atom a gadolinium - via one or more collimators. In this case, the X-ray half-lenses and collimators are oriented so that the optical axes of all X-ray half-lenses and the central channels of all collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

The concentration of x-rays in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body part containing a malignant neoplasm, can also be carried out using one or more spaced x-ray sources and the corresponding number of x-ray lenses focusing the diverging x-ray radiation of each from sources at the point to which the current measurement results are attributed, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation Nia to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - using X-ray lenses, focusing this radiation onto the detector and having a second focus in the point specified.

It is also possible that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, is located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, using one or more X-ray sources spaced apart in space and the corresponding number of X-ray lenses focusing diverging x-ray radiation of each of the sources at the point to which the current measurement results. Transportation of secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, in this case carried out by means of collimators, oriented so that their optical axes intersect the central channel at said point.

 An integral part of both of the proposed methods is a method for detecting the presence of gadolinium in the tissues of the human body.

 The detection of gadolinium in the tissues of the human body takes place indirectly when traditional methods of fluoroscopy are used using radiopaque agents containing gadolinium (for example, Russian Federation patents 2081881, 2134067, US patents 5746995, 5846519. However, in these methods, including methods using computed tomography , the information contained in the shadow projections of tissues and organs is used, and the detection of the presence of gadolinium is not the task of such methods. the presence of gadolinium in the various bodies on their observed image is small.

To ensure high reliability of detecting the presence of gadolinium (and, therefore, high reliability of localization of tissues and organs affected by a malignant neoplasm, in which gadolinium introduced into the patient’s body accumulates), X-ray radiation with energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms is concentrated in the area of the patient’s body in which tissues and organs are suspected to contain gadolinium. Occurs in this zone the secondary radiation is transported to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms is performed reception of the secondary radiation excited in the zone irradiated by conducting scanning within the zone of radiation concentration in its current position, the field of view of one or more detectors, sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, or simultaneous registration with one or more of such detectors of the secondary radiation from all the zone of radiation concentration in its current position. In moments of signal appearance at the output of any detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, parameters are fixed characterizing the spatial position of the irradiated zone and the field of view of each detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, the output of which is detected signal, and each of the areas that are common to the concentration zone and the radiation fields of vision of detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, the output of which the detected signal is recorded as containing gadolinium.

In one particular case of this method, the concentration of X-rays in the area of the patient’s body in which the tissues and organs presumably containing gadolinium are located is carried out using one or more X-ray sources spaced apart in space and the corresponding number of X-ray lenses focusing the diverging X-ray radiation of each sources at the point to which the current measurement results. In this case, the transportation of secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms is performed with X-ray lenses focusing this radiation on detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms and having a second focus at said point .

 To implement all the proposed methods, the same device can be used. This device, like the known device according to the aforementioned US patent 5207223 [3] for determining the location of a malignant neoplasm and radiation exposure of a malignant neoplasm using x-ray beams, contains an x-ray optical system, means for relative positioning of the patient’s body and the x-ray optical system, processing means and display information. In this case, the x-ray optical system includes one or more x-ray sources with means for concentrating their radiation and one or more detectors, the outputs of which are connected to a means for processing and displaying information.

To achieve the above-mentioned types of technical result inherent in the proposed invention, in the proposed device, in contrast to the known one, the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are capable of generating radiation with energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms. Means for the concentration of radiation of these sources are made and installed with the possibility of concentration of radiation of all sources in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, are attributed. X-ray optical system further comprises one or more means for transportation of secondary radiation arising in zone of concentration to have established these means outputs detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms. Sensors for determining the coordinates of a point to which current measurement results are located, located inside a part of the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, connected by their outputs to a means for processing and displaying information, are connected with the means for mutual positioning of the patient’s body and the x-ray optical system. The latter is made with the possibility of displaying the boundaries of the malignant neoplasm, determined as a result of scanning by the radiation concentration region of the x-ray sources of the patient’s body part containing the malignant neoplasm, using the means for mutual positioning of the patient’s body and the x-ray optical system.

 To carry out a damaging effect on the cells of a malignant neoplasm, the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system can be configured to change the intensity of their radiation, and the x-ray optical system contains means for jointly controlling the radiation intensity of the x-ray sources.

In one particular embodiment of the device, each of means for concentration of their radiation in zone comprising a point, to which current results of measurements, and means for conveying occurring therein secondary radiation to detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, is satisfied in the form of a collimator with channels oriented to the radiation concentration zone of the indicated x-ray sources, while the optical axes of the central channels of all collimators intersect at the point to which They carry current measurement results.

 In this case, it is possible, for example, to use quasi-point x-ray sources and collimators with channels focused on these sources as part of the x-ray optical system, and a screen with a hole is located between the output of each x-ray source and the input of the corresponding collimator.

 In this case, it is also possible to use extended x-ray sources and collimators with channels expanding towards these sources as part of the x-ray optical system.

In another particular case, the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results belong, is made in the form of an x-ray half lens, converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding source into quasi-parallel, and each means for transportation of secondary radiation arising to the detector sensitive to K _{α /} -radiation of gadolinium atoms - in the form of X-ray tion half-lens, focusing this radiation on the detector. In this case, the optical axes of all X-ray half-lenses intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

In another particular case, the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone, including the point to which the current measurement results are related, is made in the form of an x-ray half lens that converts the diverging radiation of the corresponding source into quasi-parallel, and each means for transportation of secondary radiation arising to the detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - in the form of x ovsky half-lens forming quasi-parallel radiation and having a focus in zone of concentration of X-ray radiation. In this case, the optical axes of all X-ray half-lenses intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

In the following particular case, the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone, including the point to which the current measurement results belong, is made in the form of an x-ray half lens, converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding source into quasi-parallel, and each from means for transporting the resulting secondary radiation to a detector sensitive to K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms, in the form of an X-ray -ray lenses focusing this radiation onto the detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms and having a second focus in zone of concentration of X-ray radiation. In this case, the optical axes of all X-ray half-lenses and lenses intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

It is also possible that the embodiment of the device when the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for concentrating the x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray half lens that converts the diverging radiation of the corresponding source into quasi-parallel and each means for transportation of secondary radiation arising to the detector sensitive to K _α -radiation atoms g Dolin, - in the form of collimator with channels diverging towards corresponding detector. In this case, the optical axes of all x-ray lenses and half-lenses and the central channels of the collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

Another possibility of implementing the proposed device has a peculiarity, namely, that the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray half lens converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding x-ray source into a quasi-parallel, and each of the means for transporting the resulting secondary th radiation to the detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - in the form of collimator with channels converging towards corresponding detector. In this case, the optical axes of all X-ray half-lenses and central channels of the collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

Another particular embodiment of the device is characterized in that the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for concentrating the x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray lens focusing the divergent radiation of the x-ray source , and each of the means for transporting the resulting secondary radiation to a detector sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms, - in de x-ray lens, focusing this radiation on the corresponding detector. In this case, the optical axes of all x-ray lenses intersect at the point to which the current measurement results.

It is also possible to perform the proposed device in which the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for concentrating the x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray lens focusing the divergent radiation of the x-ray source and each means for transportation of secondary radiation arising to the detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - in the form of collimator with channels converging towards corresponding detector, the optical axes of all the X-ray lenses and central channels of collimators intersecting in a point, to which current results of measurements.

The proposed device can also be made in such a way that the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, and each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray lens focusing the diverging radiation x-ray source. Moreover, each of the means for transporting the resulting secondary radiation to a detector sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms is made in the form of a collimator with channels diverging towards the corresponding detector; The optical axes of all x-ray lenses and central channels of the collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related.

In all the described cases, the device may be further provided with means to disable or shielding of detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, for the duration of X-ray sources with increased intensity.

Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:
- figure 1, explaining the principles underlying the proposed methods, a schematic representation of the mutual arrangement and connection of the main elements of the device for implementing the proposed methods;
- figure 2 and 3 are special cases of the implementation of the methods and implementation of the device using collimators for the concentration of x-ray radiation and transportation of secondary radiation to the detectors;
- figure 4 and 5 is the same using x-ray half-lenses;
- figure 6 is the same using x-ray half-lenses for the concentration of x-ray radiation and "full" x-ray lenses for transporting secondary radiation to the detectors;
- in FIG. 7 and 8 - the same using x-ray half-lenses for the concentration of x-ray radiation and collimators - for transporting secondary radiation to the detectors;
- figure 9 is the same using x-ray lenses for the concentration of x-ray radiation and transportation of secondary radiation to the detectors;
- figure 10 and 11 - the same using x-ray lenses for the concentration of x-ray radiation and collimators - for transporting secondary radiation to the detectors.

Embodiments of the Inventions
The proposed method for determining the specified location of a malignant neoplasm is used as an independent one, if it is not followed by radiation exposure on the malignant neoplasm to damage its cells, or as part of the method of such an effect on the malignant neoplasm at the first stage of its implementation. In both cases, this method as such is not diagnostic or therapeutic.

 The proposed method of radiation exposure to a malignant neoplasm for the defeat of its cells always includes at the first stage of its implementation the proposed method for determining the location of a malignant neoplasm.

 Both of the above methods include a method for determining the presence of gadolinium in the tissues and organs of the human body.

 The proposed device is common to all methods.

 The proposed methods are implemented using the proposed device as follows.

The diverging x-ray radiation from the quasi-point source 1, which generates radiation with energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms (Fig. 1), is focused by the x-ray lens 2 at a given point 4 of part 7 of the patient’s body 5, containing, as was established as a result of the previous diagnosis, malignant neoplasm. The patient’s body is placed in the required manner using means 10 for the mutual positioning of the patient’s body and the x-ray optical system. Focused at point 4, the radiation with energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms excites the secondary scattered radiation of the substance of the biological tissues of the patient 5 (coherent and incoherent Compton radiation, fluorescent radiation). In the case of a malignant lesion in the tissues of the studied part of the patient’s body due to the concentration of gadolinium in them in the secondary radiation, the K _α -line of gadolinium predominates. In the same point 4 is X-ray focus of the second lens 3. This lens focuses its captured scattered secondary radiation detector 6 sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, which converts it into an electric signal supplied to the input processing means 12 and display . The position of the common focal point 4 of lenses 2 and 3 is selected by moving relative to each other the patient’s body 5 and the x-ray optical system 8 using means 10 for their mutual positioning. The x-ray optical system 8 includes an x-ray source 1 configured to generate radiation with an energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms, and a detector 6 sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms, and also a means 9 for controlling the radiation intensity of source 1. Means 9 provides a simultaneous change in the radiation intensity of all sources included in the composition of the x-ray optical system (figure 1, intended to illustrate the basic principles of the proposed inventions, showing n Only one of them). Source 1 also has the ability to stepwise control the radiation intensity, for example, by changing the anode current of the x-ray tube. An additional possibility, used together with the indicated one or instead of it, can consist, for example, in temporary removal of the filter, which ensures the selection of radiation with an energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms. Moreover, due to the expansion of the radiation spectrum, its total intensity increases.

 The ability to change the radiation intensity and means 9 for controlling it are used in the method of radiation exposure to a malignant neoplasm to damage its cells in the second stage of this method.

 X-ray lenses, which are means for controlling x-ray radiation (focusing divergent radiation, forming a quasiparallel beam from diverging radiation, focusing a quasi-parallel beam, etc.) are a collection of curved radiation transport channels in which the radiation experiences multiple total external reflection (for example: B.A. Arkadyev, AI Kolomiytsev, MA Kumakhov et al. Broadband X-ray optics with a large angular aperture. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, 1989, Volume 157, Issue 3, pp. 529-537 [4], which describes the first such lens, and US patent 5744813 (publ. 04/28/98) [5], which describes a more modern lens). The lens as a whole has the shape of a barrel (i.e., tapers toward both ends) if it is designed to focus the diverging radiation, or half-barrel (i.e., tapers toward only one of the ends) if it is designed to convert the diverging radiation to quasi-parallel or to focus such radiation. To designate the lenses of the two types mentioned, the terms "full lens" and "half lens" have become widespread, respectively.

 Two variants of operation and use of the device of FIG. 1 are possible. In one embodiment, the patient’s body 5 is stationary, and the X-ray optical system 8 is moving (the possibility of its movement is shown in Fig. 1 by arrows 10a) while maintaining the relative position of the elements 1, 2, 3, and 6 (and, consequently, the foci of the lenses 1 and 3 coincide) . In another embodiment, on the contrary, the x-ray optical system 8 is stationary, and the patient’s body 5 is moved (such a movement is conventionally shown in FIG. 1 by arrows 10c).

 The device also contains a coordinate sensor 11, responsive to the mutual movement of the x-ray optical system 8 and the patient’s body 5, connected to the means 10 for mutual positioning of the patient’s body and the x-ray optical system. The sensor 11 must be adjusted so that its output signals correspond to the coordinates of the point to which the current measurement results relate to the selected reference point.

 As the mentioned point, to which the current measurement results, in the particular case shown in figure 1, is the common focal point 4 of the x-ray lenses 2 and 3, at which their optical axes intersect.

 In other cases, when the radiation concentration zone is more blurred, this point is also the intersection point of the optical axes (or lines conventionally accepted as optical axes, for example, such as the axis of the central channel of the collimator) of radiation concentration means and means of transporting the resulting secondary radiation to the detectors . Using means 10 for the mutual positioning of the patient’s body and the x-ray optical system, it must be ensured that this point is within the region of interest of the patient’s body that contains (or presumably contains) a malignant neoplasm.

 The radiation concentration zone is an area of larger or smaller sizes, depending on the concentration means used, surrounding the specified point, to which the current measurement results are related (at the second stage of the method of radiation exposure to a malignant neoplasm, the concentration zone also surrounds the point of intersection of lines that are optical axes radiation concentration means and means of transporting the resulting secondary radiation to the detectors 6, although I can measure at this stage and not held). In the case shown in figure 1, the size of the concentration zone is minimal.

 The output signals of the sensor 11, as well as the output signal of the detector 6, are supplied to the inputs of the information processing and display means 12. As mentioned above, the focal point 4 is in this case the point to which the current measurement results are related and in the vicinity of which (taking into account the final size of the focal zone of the x-ray lens 2) the radiation of the source 1 is actually concentrated. The means 12 for processing and displaying information provides image reproduction the boundaries of a malignant neoplasm of patient 5, realizing one or another algorithm for the formation of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image on the screen (for example: E. Lapshin. Graphics for IBM PC. M: Solon, 1995 [ 6]). In the simplest case, when, for example, scanning (moving the X-ray concentration zone, including point 4, to which the current measurement results belong) is carried out in some flat section of the patient’s body 5, the image can be scanned simultaneously on the screen for 12 s long afterglow; it is also possible to memorize a certain number of measurement results, followed by periodic scanning of the image, etc. The capabilities of digital technology make it possible to obtain an image of the density distribution in any flat section and with other variants of scanning the volume of the region containing the malignant neoplasm, it is not necessary directly in the section of interest. To do this, it is enough from the obtained results (a set of density values and the corresponding coordinate values) related to the volume containing the desired section, select those results that correspond to the section of the patient’s body of interest, form and display their two-dimensional picture relative to the coordinate axes located in this section. The necessary transformations of this kind are carried out programmatically using known methods similar to those described in [6].

All of the proposed inventions are united by the fact that they use the uneven distribution of gadolinium introduced into the body over tissues of different nature and its accumulation in the tissues of malignant neoplasms with a much higher concentration than in the rest ("Prospects of Gadolinium Neutron Capture Theraphy"; in the book : Advances in Neutron Capture Theraphy. Editors: B. Larsson, J. Crawford, R. Weinrech. Elserier, 1997, part. 1, pp. 425-451 [7]). In this work, taking into account this property of gadolinium, the possibility of its use for neutron capture and impact on the tumor is discussed similarly to how it is done in the method of boro-capture therapy. In the proposed inventions, the property of the predominant concentration of gadolinium in malignant neoplasms is used differently. The presence of this property is combined with the selective (in spectrum) effect of radiation on the tissues of the organs under study and the use of informative is not the primary (primary, attenuated in different ways in different tissues) radiation, but the secondary, excited in the primary result of its effect on the tissues. The methods of the proposed methods and the design of the proposed device provide analysis by means of detecting precisely secondary radiation, and also selectively due to the use of detectors having a maximum sensitivity in the spectral region corresponding to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms. As a result, the output signals of the detectors corresponding to the secondary radiation transported to their inputs from the area containing the malignant neoplasm significantly exceed the signals corresponding to other areas. Such a difference in signal levels allows one to reliably differentiate the region containing the malignant neoplasm from the surrounding tissues during the scanning process.

 We also emphasize that in the proposed inventions, the introduction of a gadolinium-containing preparation into the patient’s body is not aimed at using its radiopaque properties, since the method used is not associated with obtaining shadow projections. The use of gadolinium secondary radiation quanta as informative in contrast to the known methods and devices in which shadow projections are obtained, where secondary radiation has an interfering effect, is an important feature of the proposed inventions. One of the consequences of this feature, essential in medical applications, is the possibility of obtaining acceptable accuracy with lower doses of radiation to biological tissues.

 The implementation of the methods for determining the specified location and radiation exposure on a malignant neoplasm for the defeat of its cells is preceded by studies to determine the required amount of gadolinium-containing drug and its accumulation time in the organs and tissues to be irradiated. During these studies, the proposed method for detecting the presence of gadolinium is implemented. Mentioned the required amount of the drug and the accumulation time due to this are determined for the specific funds available and taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular patient, the type of affected organs and tissues, as well as depending on the drug used and the method of its administration.

 As gadolinium-containing preparations can be used, in particular, four commercial radiopaque agents found in clinical practice mentioned in the patent of the Russian Federation 2150961. All of them are complexes of gadolinium with organic ligands. These are preparations Magnevist of the German company Schering AG (an aqueous solution of the dimeglumine salt of gadopentate), Omniscan of the Norwegian company Sanofi Winthrop, NY, Nycomed (an aqueous solution of the complex of gadolinium with diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid diamide), DOTAR-EMTM - Laboratn Bois-Guratt, France, Laboratoryratay-Gubert, Guratrat Bo-Gubert, Guratbert Gubert, France gadoterum magnumine salt) and Pro-Hans, gadoteriol, co-produced in the USA (Bristol-Myers Squibb) and Italy (Bracco). The most widely used preparations are based on diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (DTPA) and, in particular, Magnevist. The preparation proposed in the said patent, which is an improvement of the Magnevist preparation, can be used. Another gadolinium-containing drug is proposed in the patent of the Russian Federation 2081881. A number of other drugs are proposed in US patents (6040432; 5965132 and others). Depending on the affected organ, forms of the preparation suitable for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, injection or infusion, may be used, or the preparation may be administered directly into the body cavity having an external outlet, for example, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder.

 We will evaluate the dose to the patient in the proposed method.

 According to [7], the density of gadolinium atoms in a malignant neoplasm can be at the level of one milligram of gadolinium per gram of biological tissue.

Consider a case of malignant neoplasms of 1 cm ³ in size.

X-ray absorption coefficient by gadolinium atoms in the region of the K-edge of absorption, μ _max ≈150 1 / cm; the discontinuity in the absorption jump S is defined as the ratio μ _max / μ _min ; in our case, μ _min = 25 1 / cm, i.e. S≈6.

The fraction of absorbed photons involved in the excitation of the gadolinium K-series is proportional to the coefficient
1-1 / S = 1-1 / S≈1-0.84.

The fluorescence yield, ω, for gadolinium is:
ω≈0.95.

The number of fluorescent photons, N _F , emitted from a surface unit is:
N _F = N ₀ μ _max SΔx (1-1 / S) ω, (1)
where N ₀ is the initial number of photons incident on the considered volume;
Δx is the characteristic size (in our case, Δx = 1 cm).

We assume that the gadolinium content in 1 cm ³ is equal to 1 milligram. In this case, the product μ _max S is 2 • 10 ^-2 1 / cm.

Thus,
N _F = N ₀ • 2 • 10 ^-2 • 0.84 • 0.95 = N ₀ • 1.6 • 10 ^-2 .

For further evaluation, we assume that approximately 5% of the emitted photons are detected by the detector with probability 1. We assume that if we register 10 ³ fluorescent photons, we will obtain with sufficient accuracy information about the localization of the malignant neoplasm. This gives a confidence level of 97%.

From this we obtain the necessary number of initial photons, N ₀ , for registration with the detector 10 ⁴ photons:
N ₀ = 10 ³ : (5 • 10 ^-2 • 1,6 • 10 ^-2 ) = 1,2 • 10 ⁶ .

To estimate the dose, we also need to take into account the loss of intensity of the initial beam when passing through biological tissue and the loss of the K _α radiation of gadolinium from the volume under consideration to the detector. Consider, for example, the case when the investigated malignant neoplasm is at a depth of 5 cm.

In this case, if the initial beam energy is 50 keV, then these losses are determined from the formula:
I = I ₀ • e ^-ηx ,
where I ₀ is the initial intensity of the beam incident on the surface. For radiation with an energy of 50 keV, the absorption coefficient in the tissue is η≈0.2 1 / cm, i.e. over a length of 5 cm, the intensity of the incident radiation decreases by e≈2.71 times. The radiation of the K _{α line is} slightly less than 50 keV, and we will assume that before reaching the detector the photons travel a path along which their intensity decreases by 4 times. Thus, the total intensity drops 2.7 • 4≈10 times. This means that the required number of initial photons N ₀ must be increased 10 times, i.e. N ₀ = 1.2 • 10 ⁷ photons. If we assume that all these photons are absorbed in a cylindrical layer with a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 5 cm, then we obtain an approximate estimate of the radiation dose:
b≈1.2 • 10 ⁷ • 5 • 10 ⁴ eV: 5 grams = 1.2 • 10 ^-5 X-rays.

This is a radiation dose averaged over a depth of 5 cm. On the surface, due to the exponential nature of absorption, the dose will be slightly higher than this averaged estimate. Nevertheless, this dose is approximately 10 ³ times lower than the dose for tomographic diagnostics, which is of the order of 0.01 R (Handbook of X-ray engineering. Edited by V.V. Klyuyev. M .: Mechanical Engineering, Part 2, 1980, p. . 347 [8]).

 The dose can be further reduced by several times if radiation is carried out using several sources, the beams of which come into the concentration zone in different ways, without being summed up in the patient's body.

 Therefore, the most appropriate options for implementing the proposed methods and devices that use several spatially spaced x-ray sources and detectors with an appropriate amount of radiation concentration means and transporting secondary radiation to the detectors (lenses, half-lenses, collimators). On the one hand, this allows one to achieve a more effective concentration of radiation (in the case of a single means for concentration, this is possible only when using an x-ray lens, as shown in Fig. 1) and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the detectors. On the other hand, this makes it possible to make the effect on the irradiated part of the patient’s body more distributed and to avoid an overdose of irradiation of parts and organs that are not subject to investigation. The use of several detectors with simple averaging (or more complex processing of the output signals of different detectors in the means 12 for processing and displaying information, for example, “weighted” averaging or processing taking into account the presence of density correlation at close points to each other) and then comparing the result of averaging with a threshold to fix the fact of the presence of secondary radiation generated by gadolinium atoms, all other things being equal, allows the use of x-ray sources of lower power b Without loss of accuracy. In addition, the averaging decreases the influence of other factors that reduce accuracy (for example, unequal absorption of radiation from sources on the way to different points at which the density is determined, and secondary radiation on the way from these points to the inputs of the secondary radiation transport means to the detectors).

 Below (figure 2 - figure 11) are considered just such options.

 The most simple from the point of view of technical implementation options shown in figure 2 and figure 3.

 In the scheme of figure 2, quasi-point x-ray sources 1 and collimators 13 are used with channels diverging (expanding) in the direction of radiation propagation in order to concentrate it in zone 16. Between the sources 1 and collimators 13 there are screens 14 with holes for transmitting radiation to the collimator inputs and preventing its direct (bypassing collimators) hitting the object. Secondary radiation is transported to the detectors 6 using collimators 15 with channels that converge (narrow) in the direction of radiation propagation, i.e. towards the detectors 6, and may have focus on their sensitive surface. As detectors 6, it is possible to use, for example, semiconductor detectors having a small input aperture.

 In FIG. 3, the collimators have an orientation opposite to that shown in FIG. 2. For the full use of the input aperture of the collimators 18, concentrating radiation in zone 16, it is advisable to use extended x-ray sources 17. For a similar reason, it is advisable to use detectors 20 with a large input aperture (for example, scintillation type).

 In FIG. 4 means for concentration of radiation of quasi-point sources 1 and means for transporting secondary radiation are made in the form of x-ray half-lenses 21, 22, respectively. When this lens 22 focus the scattered secondary radiation at the detectors 6.

 In FIG. 5 means of concentration of radiation of quasi-point sources 1 and means of transporting secondary radiation are made in the form of x-ray half-lenses 21, 23, respectively. In this case, the half-lenses 23 convert the scattered secondary radiation into quasi-parallel and direct it to the detectors 20 with a large input aperture.

 Figure 6 shows a combined version: the radiation concentration means of quasi-point sources 1 are made in the form of x-ray half-lenses 21, directing parallel beams into zone 16, and the means of transporting the secondary radiation to the detectors 6 are in the form of "full" x-ray lenses 3.

 5 and 6 at the same time illustrate embodiments of the proposed methods, in which scanning the area under study by the zone of concentration of radiation generated by the sources is combined with a more accurate scanning of the secondary radiation detector (s) of smaller dimensions within this zone. In this case, the radiation concentration zone 16 of the three sources 1 is formed by three half-lenses 21, which convert the diverging radiation of these sources into quasi-parallel. The secondary radiation is transported to two detectors 20 (Fig. 5) and 6 (Fig. 6), respectively, by two half-lenses 23 and two full lenses 3, having a common focal spot 4. Scanning is carried out in such a way that the position of concentration zone 16 is first changed by mutual moving the patient positioning means 10 and the x-ray optical system 8. Then, within the area occupied by the concentration zone 16 in its current position shown in FIG. 5 and 6, scanning is carried out by the common field of view of the detectors 20 (Fig. 5) and 6 (Fig. 6), which is the focal spot 4, which has a smaller size compared to the specified zone. This size determines the final spatial accuracy of fixing the position of the malignant lesion. To implement these options, means of transporting secondary radiation (in this case, half-lenses 23 and full lenses 3) to the detectors 20 and 6 and the detectors themselves, which are elements of the X-ray optical system 8, are installed in this system with the possibility of joint movement relative to other elements of this system (sources 1 and half lens 21). In view of the foregoing, the means of transporting secondary radiation of FIGS. 5 and 6 are combined into a subsystem 24, the possibility of moving of which as a whole is shown by arrows 10c.

 Figures 7 and 8 show other combinations that differ from the previous two in that the means of transporting the secondary radiation to the detectors are made in the form of collimators.

 7, the collimators 19 have channels expanding towards the detectors 6, and the latter have a large input aperture.

 In FIG. 8, on the contrary, the collimators 15 have channels narrowing towards the detectors 6, and the latter have a small input aperture.

 In FIG. 9 shows the most effective variant from the point of view of accuracy and resolution in which the means of concentration of radiation of quasi-point sources 1 and the means of transporting the secondary radiation to the detectors 6 are made in the form of “full” lenses 2 and 3, respectively (compare this option with the one shown in FIG. 1).

 Figure 10 and 11 show two more combined options. They are united by the fact that as a means of concentration of radiation of quasi-point sources 1, "full" x-ray lenses 2 are used.

 Figure 10 as a means for transporting secondary radiation to the detectors 6 with a small aperture shows the use of collimators 15, tapering towards the detectors.

 Figure 11 as a means for transporting secondary radiation to the detectors 20 with a large aperture shows the use of collimators 19, expanding towards the detectors.

 In all particular cases of the device, the relative position of the elements of the x-ray optical system 8 should exclude the possibility of radiation from sources 1, 17 directly or after passing through the patient’s body 5 to the inputs of the detectors 6, 20, since the secondary radiation arising in the concentration zone carries useful information. For this, no detector (and means of transporting secondary radiation to it) should be located on the extension of the optical axis of any of the sources of radiation concentration of sources in the concentration zone, which is the region of intersection of the x-ray beams generated by these means.

 The proposed method for determining the location of a malignant neoplasm and the operation of the proposed device in the implementation of this method is completed by fixing combinations of coordinates of points identified as belonging to the malignant neoplasms (for example, storing the corresponding groups of digital codes in a means for processing and displaying information). Identification is carried out by detecting using detectors, for example, as in the known method [3], by comparing the images obtained during the implementation of the method with those obtained as a result of previous diagnostics. In this case, the identified images of structural elements can be marked by the operator involved in the implementation of the method, on the screen means for displaying and processing information using traditional computer technology means of pointing, for example, "mice".

 If a decision is made to conduct radiation exposure on a malignant neoplasm to damage its cells, before further use of the device, an irradiation program is formed in the form of a set of doses of x-ray radiation, which must be brought to different parts of the malignant neoplasm, represented by fixed sets of coordinate points. The irradiation program is formed using the techniques described, for example, in [1], taking into account the features of the organ affected by malignant neoplasm and other factors.

 The irradiation program is implemented in the process of scanning the area of space occupied by a malignant neoplasm. In this case, the same means (lenses 2, 21; collimators 13, 18) are used for the concentration of X-ray radiation, as in the first stage, i.e. when implementing the method of determining the location of a malignant neoplasm. Moreover, using the means 9 for joint control of the radiation intensity of x-ray sources, the latter include in each of the discrete positions of the radiation concentration zone for a time proportional to the required dose, at an increased intensity level (provided, for example, by increasing the anode current of the x-ray tubes), sufficient for radiation damage to cells malignant neoplasms. In the particular case, with small sizes of the malignant neoplasm, irradiation can be carried out with a single position of the concentration zone of x-ray radiation, i.e. without scanning. When using full lenses for radiation concentration, it is possible to conduct radiation exposure on micro-tumors (for example, eyes).

 To prevent possible failure of the detectors, they can be turned off or shielded mechanically for the duration of the operation of X-ray sources with increased radiation intensity (the funds mentioned are not shown in the drawings).

 The use of the same means for concentration of radiation when determining the location of a malignant neoplasm (at the first stage of the method of radiation exposure to a malignant neoplasm to damage its cells) and when implementing an irradiation program (at the second stage) in combination with a small time difference of these stages reduce to minimizing the error of "targeting" radiation beams. Irradiation is performed at the same positions of the radiation concentration zone as at the stage of determining the location of the malignant neoplasm, since the x-ray optical system is installed relative to the patient’s body in positions that coincide with those recorded during scanning as being related to the malignant neoplasm. The accuracy of the repeated installation of the X-ray optical system relative to the patient’s body in a position corresponding to the coordinates recorded during identification can be improved by using more advanced means of mutual positioning, for example, similar to those described in [2].

 The use of one or another implementation scheme of the proposed methods and options for constructing a device is determined both by the availability of the possibility of using such effective means of concentration and transportation of radiation, such as x-ray lenses or half-lenses, and the required resolution. The latter factor influences the choice of the parameters of lenses and half-lenses (such as the size of the focal spot, the length of the focal zone in the direction of the optical axis of the lens, etc.). It is taken into account that the implementation of a very high resolution when using "full" lenses (of the order of fractions of a millimeter or higher) is associated with an increase in the time required to scan an area containing a malignant neoplasm. Other circumstances, such as the presence of X-ray sources of suitable power and size, etc., are also taken into account.

 The presence of the described and numerous other options for the implementation of the proposed method and the construction of the proposed device provides ample opportunity for the design of tools that meet the specific requirements.

Industrial applicability
The proposed methods for determining the specified location of a malignant neoplasm and the radiation exposure on this neoplasm to defeat its cells and a device for their implementation are used in conditions where a malignant neoplasm has already been diagnosed and obtaining updated data on its location, shape, size, and maybe , also conducting radiation exposure, if the relevant decision was made earlier or is taken as a result of the receipt of these specified OF DATA.

Sources of information
1. Radiation therapy of malignant tumors. A guide for doctors. Ed. prof. E.S. Kiseleva. - M .: Medicine, 1996.

 2. US patent 5983424. publ. 11/16/1999.

 3. US patent 5207223, publ. 05/04/1993.

 4. V.A. Arkadyev, A.I. Kolomiytsev, M.A. Kumakhov et al. Broadband x-ray optics with a large angular aperture. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, 1989, Volume 157, Issue 3.

 5. US patent 5744813 (publ. 28.04.98).

 6. E. Lapshin. Graphics for IBM PC. M .: Solon, 1995.

 7. Prospects of Gadolinium Neutron Capture Theraphy. In the book: Advances in Neutron Capture Theraphy. Editors: B. Larsson, J. Crawford, R. Weinrech. Elserier, 1997, part. 1, pp. 425-451.

 8. Handbook of X-ray engineering. Ed. V.V. Klyueva. M .: Engineering, Part 2, 1980, p. 347.

Claims (30)

1. The method of radiation exposure to a malignant neoplasm for the defeat of its cells using x-ray beams, comprising two stages, the first of which receives the image of the malignant neoplasm in the form of a set of spatial coordinates of the points, which include the current measurement results, differentiated as belonging to the malignant neoplasm, then form an irradiation program in the form of a set of doses of x-ray radiation, which should be brought to decomposition parts of the malignant neoplasm, represented by fixed sets of coordinates of the points, after which they proceed to the second stage, where the formed irradiation program is carried out, characterized in that at the first stage, the gadolinium-containing drug is introduced into the patient’s body in an amount predetermined for the patient, sufficient for the subsequent detection of gadolinium in tissues affected by a malignant neoplasm, then after a period of time, previously sufficient for this patient to accumulate gadolinium in the tissues affected by a malignant neoplasm in an amount at which it can be detected, concentrate x-ray radiation with an energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms in zone (16), including the point to which current measurement results located inside the patient’s body part containing a malignant neoplasm transport the secondary radiation arising in this zone to one or several detectors (6, 20) sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, excluding the possibility of getting to the inputs of said detectors, x-ray beams which have passed through the patient's body is scanned portion of the patient body containing the malignant neoplasm, carrying out relative movement between the body and the radiation concentration zone the patient, receive secondary radiation excited in the irradiated zone, scanning within the zone of concentration of radiation in its current position by the field of view of one or more children projectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, or simultaneous registration with one or more of such detectors of the secondary radiation from all the zone of radiation concentration in its current position at the moments of signal appearance at the output of any of said detectors are fixed parameters characterizing the position in space the irradiated zone and field of view of each of the detectors at the output of which a signal is detected, and each of the areas that are common to the radiation concentration zone and the field of view of the detectors, at the output Once the signal is detected, it is fixed as containing cells of a malignant neoplasm, and in the second stage, the region of space in the patient’s body occupied by the malignant neoplasm is scanned, while concentrating x-ray radiation using the same means as in the first stage, so that the positions occupied by the concentration zone (16) corresponded to the parts of the malignant neoplasm represented by the sets of coordinates of the points recorded at the first stage, and T formed in the first stage exposure program, increasing the intensity of X-rays compared with the first stage and adjusting the duration of irradiation. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more collimators (13 18) using a corresponding number of spaced X-ray sources (1, 17), and transportation of secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, also carried out using one or more collimators (15, 19), while all collimators are oriented so that the axes of their central channels intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more x-ray half-lenses ( 21), converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of X-ray sources (1) spaced in space into quasi-parallel, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more children Orum, sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - with one or more X-ray half lenses (22, 23) focusing secondary radiation on these detectors (6, 20) or forming a quasi-parallel radiation, wherein the X-ray half-lens all are oriented so that their optical axes intersected at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more x-ray half-lenses ( 21), converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of X-ray sources (1) spaced in space into quasi-parallel, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more children Orum, sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - with one or more X-ray lens (3) focusing secondary radiation on these detectors (6), all X-ray half-lens and lens are oriented so that their optical axes intersect at a point , which include the current measurement results. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body part containing the malignant neoplasm, is carried out using several x-ray half-lenses (21) transforming diverging radiation of the corresponding number of spaced sources into quasi-parallel, and transporting the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α - radiation of gadolinium atoms, using one or more collimators (19, 15), while X-ray half-lenses and collimators are oriented so that the optical axes of all X-ray half-lenses and central channels of all collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (4), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more spatially separated x-ray sources (1) and the corresponding number of x-ray lenses (3) focusing the diverging x-ray radiation of each of the sources at the point to which the current measurement results are related, and transportation secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors (6) sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms is performed with X-ray lens (3) focusing secondary radiation on these detectors, and having a second focus in the point specified. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more space-distributed x-ray sources (1) and the corresponding number of x-ray lenses (2) focusing the diverging x-ray radiation of each of the sources at the point to which the current measurement results are related, and transportation secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors (6, 20) sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms is performed by means of collimators (15, 19), oriented so that their optical axes intersect the central channel at said point. 8. A method for determining the location of a malignant neoplasm using X-ray beams, in which an image of the malignant neoplasm is obtained in the form of a set of spatial coordinates of the points, which include the current measurement results, characterized in that gadolinium-containing drug is introduced into the patient’s body in a preliminary the quantity determined for a given patient sufficient for the subsequent detection of gadolinium in tissue affected by a malignant neoplasm, then after a time predetermined for a given patient, sufficient for gadolinium to accumulate in the tissue affected by a malignant neoplasm in an amount at which it can be detected, the x-ray radiation is concentrated with energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms, in an area including a point to which current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body part containing a malignant neoplasm, conveyed occurs in this zone the secondary radiation to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, excluding the possibility of getting to the inputs of said detectors, x-ray beams which have passed through the patient's body is scanned portion of the patient body containing the malignant neoplasm, exercising mutual movement of the radiation concentration zone and the patient’s body, receive secondary radiation excited in the irradiated zone, scanning to the limit the radiation concentration zone in its current position, the field of view of one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, or simultaneous registration with one or more of such detectors of the secondary radiation from all the zone of radiation concentration in its current position at the moments of signal appearance at the output of - Either of these detectors record parameters characterizing the position in space of the irradiated zone and the field of view of each of the detectors at the output of which a signal is detected, and each of The regions that are common to the radiation concentration zone and the field of view of the detectors, at the output of which a signal is detected, are recorded as containing malignant neoplasm cells. 9. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body part (5) containing the malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more collimators (13, 18), using the appropriate number of X-ray sources spaced in space (1, 17), and transporting the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms I also carry out using one or more collimators (15, 19), while all the collimators are oriented so that the axes of their central channels intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 10. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more x-ray half-lenses ( 21), converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of X-ray sources spaced in space into quasi-parallel, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors frames sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - with one or more X-ray half lenses (22) focusing secondary radiation on these detectors (6, 20) or forming a quasi-parallel radiation, wherein the X-ray half-lens all are oriented so that their optical the axes intersected at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 11. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body part (5) containing the malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more X-ray half-lenses (21), which transform the diverging radiation of the corresponding number of X-ray sources (1) spaced in space into quasi-parallel, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more children the trajectory (6) sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - with one or more X-ray lens (22) focusing secondary radiation on these detectors, all X-ray half-lens and lens are oriented so that their optical axes intersect at a point , which include the current measurement results. 12. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results, located inside the patient’s body part containing the malignant neoplasm, is carried out using several x-ray half-lenses (21) transforming diverging radiation of the corresponding number of spaced sources (1) into quasi-parallel, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors (6, 20) is sensitive m to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - with the help of one or more collimators (15, 19), wherein the X-ray half-lens and collimator is oriented so that the optical axes of all the X-ray half lenses and central channels of collimators intersect at a point to which the current measurement results. 13. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more X-ray sources spaced apart in space ( 1) and the corresponding number of x-ray lenses (2) focusing the diverging x-ray radiation of each of the sources at point (4), which include the current measurement results, and transportation secondary radiation arising to one or more detectors (6) sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms is performed with X-ray lens (3) focusing secondary radiation on these detectors, and having a second focus in the point specified. 14. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area, including the point to which the current measurement results are located, located inside the patient’s body containing a malignant neoplasm, is carried out using one or more X-ray sources spaced apart in space ( 1) and the corresponding number of x-ray lenses (2) focusing the diverging x-ray radiation of each source at the point to which the current measurement results are related, and transportation to znikayuschego secondary radiation to one or more detectors (6, 20) sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms is performed by means of collimators (15, 19), oriented so that their optical axes intersect the central channel at said point. 15. A method for detecting gadolinium in tissues and organs of the human body using x-ray radiation, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation with energy corresponding to the K-edge of the absorption of gadolinium atoms in the area of the patient’s body in which tissues and organs presumably containing gadolinium are located is transported occurring in this zone the secondary radiation to one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, excluding the possibility of contact with Rin said rows of detectors of X-ray beams which have passed through the patient's body is carried out reception of the secondary radiation excited in the zone irradiated by conducting scanning within the zone of radiation concentration in its current position, the field of view of one or more detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, or the simultaneous registration by one or more of such detectors of secondary radiation from the entire radiation concentration zone in its current position and at the moments of the appearance of a signal at the output of of any of detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, parameters are fixed characterizing the spatial position of the irradiated zone and the field of view of each detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, which output signal is detected, and each of the areas that are common to the concentration zone and the radiation fields of vision of detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, the output of which the detected signal is recorded as containing gadolinium. 16. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area of the patient’s body, in which tissues and organs presumably containing gadolinium are located, are carried out using one or more X-ray sources spaced apart in space and the corresponding number of X-ray lenses focusing diverging x-ray radiation of each of the sources at the point to which the current measurement results are attributed, and the transportation of the resulting secondary radiation to one or more detectors am sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms is performed with X-ray lenses focusing this radiation on detectors sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms and having a second focus in the point specified. 17. A device for determining the presence of gadolinium in the tissues and organs of the human body and determining the location of a malignant neoplasm using x-ray beams, containing an x-ray optical system (8), means (10) for relative positioning of the patient’s body and the x-ray optical system, means (12) for processing and display information, while the x-ray optical system (8) includes one or more x-ray sources (1) with means (2) for concentration of their radiation and one or more detectors (6), the outputs of which are connected to a means (12) for processing and displaying information, characterized in that the x-ray sources (1) included in the composition of the x-ray optical system (8) are configured to generate radiation with an energy corresponding to the K-edge of atomic absorption gadolinium, and means (2) for the concentration of radiation of these sources are made and installed with the possibility of concentration of radiation of all sources in the zone, including the point to which the current measurement results located inside the ate a patient (5) containing a malignant neoplasm, the x-ray optical system (8) also contains one or more means (3) for transporting the secondary radiation arising in the concentration zone to the detectors (6) installed at the outputs of these funds, which are made sensitive to K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms, while the detectors and means of transporting secondary radiation to them are located in such a way that they are not on the extension of the optical axis of each of the means of concentration of radiation of x-ray sources, with the means (10) for the mutual positioning of the patient’s body and the x-ray optical system used to scan the radiation concentration zone of the x-ray sources of the patient’s body part (5) containing the malignant neoplasm, sensors (11) are connected to determine the coordinates of the point to which the current results relate measurements located inside the patient’s body part (5), containing a malignant neoplasm, connected by their outputs to the tool (12) for processing and displaying information.  18. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that for the implementation of the damaging effect on the cells of the malignant neoplasm included in the composition of the x-ray optical system (8), the x-ray sources (1) are configured to change the intensity of their radiation, and the x-ray optical system (8) contains a means ( 9) for joint control of the radiation intensity of x-ray sources (1). 19. The device according to p. 18, characterized in that it further comprises means for turning off or shielding detectors sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms for the duration of operation of X-ray sources with increased intensity. 20. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that each of the means for the concentration of their radiation from x-ray sources (1) in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are related, and means for transporting the secondary radiation arising in it to the detectors (6, 20) sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, is made in the form of collimator (13, 15, 18, 19) with channels oriented in the radiation zone of concentration of X-ray sources, with the optical axes of central channels of all the collimators intersecting in a point, to which rel The current measurement results.  21. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the x-ray sources (1) that are part of the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, and the collimators (13) have channels focused on these sources, a screen is located between the output of each x-ray source and the input of the corresponding collimator ( 14) with a hole.  22. The device according to p. 20, characterized in that the x-ray sources (17) that are part of the x-ray optical system are extended and the collimators (18) have channels that expand towards the x-ray sources. 23. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system (1) are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray half lens (21), converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding source into quasi-parallel, and each of the means for transporting the resulting secondary radiation to a detector sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms, in the form of ren X-ray half lens (22), focusing the secondary radiation on this detector (6), while the optical axes of all X-ray half lenses intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 24. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the x-ray sources included in the composition of the x-ray optical system (1) are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray half lens (21), transforming the divergent radiation source corresponding to a quasi-parallel, and each means for transportation of secondary radiation arising to the detector (20) sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - in the form of entgenovskoy half-lens (23) forming quasi-parallel radiation and having a focus in zone (16) of concentration of X-ray radiation, the optical axes of all the X-ray half lenses intersect at a point to which current results of measurements. 25. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the x-ray sources (1) that are part of the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are related, is made in the form of an x-ray half lens 21) transforming the divergent radiation source corresponding to a quasi-parallel, and each means for transportation of secondary radiation arising to the detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - in the form of entgenovskoy lens (3) focusing secondary radiation on this detector (6) and having a second focus in zone of concentration of X-ray radiation, the optical axes of all the X-ray half lenses and lenses intersecting in a point, to which current results of measurements. 26. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the x-ray sources included in the x-ray optical system (1) are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray half lens (21), converting the diverging radiation of the corresponding source into quasi-parallel, and each of the means for transporting the resulting secondary radiation to a detector sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms, in the form of a limator (19) with channels diverging towards the corresponding detector (20), the optical axes of all x-ray lenses and half lenses and the central channels of the collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 27. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the x-ray sources (1) that are part of the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results are related, is made in the form of an x-ray half lens 21), which converts the diverging radiation of the corresponding x-ray source into a quasi-parallel one, and each of the means for transporting the resulting secondary radiation to a detector sensitive to the K _α radiation of atoms line, in the form of a collimator (15) with channels converging towards the corresponding detector (6), the optical axes of all x-ray half-lenses and central channels of the collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 28. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the x-ray sources (1) that are part of the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray lens (2), focusing the divergent radiation of an x-ray source, and each of the means for transporting the resulting secondary radiation to a detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms, in the form of an x-ray lens (3), focusing which generates this radiation at the corresponding detector (6), the optical axes of all x-ray lenses intersect at point (4), to which the current measurement results are related. 29. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the x-ray sources (1) that are part of the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the area including the point to which the current measurement results are related is made in the form of an x-ray lens (2), focusing the diverging radiation of an x-ray source, and each of the means for transporting the resulting secondary radiation to a detector sensitive to the K _α radiation of gadolinium atoms, in the form of a collimator (15) with channels, descending facing the corresponding detector (6), the optical axes of all x-ray lenses and central channels of the collimators intersect at the point to which the current measurement results are related. 30. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 17-19, characterized in that the x-ray sources (1) that are part of the x-ray optical system are quasi-point, each of the means for the concentration of x-ray radiation in the zone (16), including the point to which the current measurement results belong, is made in the form of an x-ray lens ( 2) focusing diverging radiation of X-ray source, and each means for transportation of secondary radiation arising to the detector sensitive to K _α -radiation of gadolinium atoms - in the form of collimator (19) with channels, pa Catching towards corresponding detector (20), the optical axes of all the X-ray lenses and central channels of collimators intersecting in a point, to which current results of measurements.

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